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Multiple Choice Quiz
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1
When psychologists speak of life-span development, they are referring to an approach that emphasizes:
A)child development, specifically.
B)humanity's historical development.
C)only the periods of the human life span involving growth.
D)the periods of the human life span involving both growth and decline.
2
Whether or not intellectual skills can still be improved through education for individuals in their 70s is a question of:
A)normative age-graded influence.
B)plasticity.
C)multidirectionality.
D)normative life events.
3
Developmental psychologists suggest that some characteristics are of interest to professionals from more than one particularly field of study. Which characteristic of development does this suggest?
A)Development is contextual.
B)Development is plastic.
C)Development is multidisciplinary.
D)Development is multidirectional.
4
Unusual occurrences that have a major impact on an individual's life and are usually not applicable to many people are called:
A)normative history-graded influences.
B)normative age-graded influences.
C)nonnormative life events.
D)None of these
5
Sociocultural contexts include four important concepts: culture, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and gender. Which of these four concepts could be defined as "the behavior patterns, beliefs, and all other products of a particular group of people that are passed on from generation to generation"?
A)gender
B)culture
C)ethnicity
D)socioeconomic status
6
Psychologists have learned that the ability to control one's environment can have a powerful effect on a person's health. They have also learned that poor health can influence intellectual functioning. This is an example of:
A)a biological process.
B)a cognitive process.
C)a social process.
D)the joint influence of biological and cognitive processes.
7
Which of the following is not an example of a cognitive process?
A)an infant watching a colorful mobile swing above his crib
B)an adolescent solving a crossword puzzle
C)an infant's smile in response to her mother's touch
D)a child memorizing a poem
8
Which of the following statements regarding developmentalists and their positions on the issues of nature–nurture, continuity–discontinuity, and stability–change is true?
A)Most developmentalists recognize that taking extreme positions on these issues is unwise.
B)Developmentalists are in agreement regarding how strongly development is influenced by each of these factors.
C)There is little debate among developmentalists on these issues.
D)All of these
9
The process we refer to when we speak of changes in an individual's thought, intelligence, and language is the _________ process.
A)cognitive
B)socioemotional
C)intellectual
D)conceptual
10
The most important issues in the study of development include all of the following except:
A)nature and nurture.
B)continuity and discontinuity.
C)stability and change.
D)masculinity and femininity.
11
Freud is associated with which theoretical perspective?
A)psychoanalytic
B)cognitive
C)behavioral and social cognitive
D)ecological
12
Which psychologist contended that "trust versus mistrust" is the first psychological stage?
A)Jean Piaget
B)Erik Erikson
C)Sigmund Freud
D)Lev Vygotsky
13
The criticisms of psychoanalytic theories include all of the following except:
A)there is a lack of scientific support for many of the claims made by these theories.
B)there is too much emphasis on sexual underpinnings of behaviors.
C)the theory paints far too negative a picture of human beings.
D)there is skepticism about the pureness of Piaget's stages.
14
The theory that emphasizes that individuals manipulate information, monitor it, and strategize about it is called the _________ theory.
A)situated and collaborative
B)information-processing
C)cognitive
D)behaviorist
15
Which of the following is an assumption of Vygotsky's perspective on development?
A)Children are active in their construction of their understanding the world around them.
B)Children's cognitive skills cannot be understood when they are only developmentally analyzed and interpreted.
C)Cognitive skills are not mediated by words, language, and forms of discourse.
D)Cognitive skills do not have their origins in social relations.
16
Who was the psychologist responsible for originating the theory of attachment?
A)Konrad Lorenz
B)John Bowlby
C)Urie Bronfenbrenner
D)none of these
17
__________ is to operant conditioning, as __________ is to social cognitive theory.
A)Skinner; Bandura
B)Skinner; Pavlov
C)Pavlov; Watson
D)Pavlov; Bandura
18
According to Bronfenbrenner's theory, the macrosystem is:
A)the patterning of environmental events and transitions over the life course.
B)the culture in which individuals live.
C)involved when experiences in another social setting influence what the individual experiences in an immediate context.
D)the overarching system which includes all of these factors and more.
19
Which type of research method involves an in-depth look at one individual?
A)longitudinal approach
B)case study
C)experiment
D)scientific method
20
Which research strategy simultaneously compares individuals of different ages?
A)cross-sectional
B)longitudinal
C)experimental
D)correlational







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