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| 1 | |
The evolutionary process that favors individuals of a species that are best adapted to survive and reproduce is called: |
| | A) | the principle of evolutionary selection. |
| | B) | natural selection. |
| | C) | the origin of selection. |
| | D) | adaptive behavior. |
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| 2 | |
One idea proposed by evolutionary developmental psychologists is that: |
| | A) | evolved mechanisms are always adaptive in contemporary society. |
| | B) | some characteristics of childhood were selected to be adaptive at specific points in development for preparation for adulthood. |
| | C) | evolved psychological mechanisms are domain-specific. |
| | D) | one reason why childhood is such a length process is that it takes a long time to develop a large brain. |
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| 3 | |
__________ is the specialized form of cell division which produces egg and sperm cells. |
| | A) | Meiosis |
| | B) | Mitosis |
| | C) | Fertilization |
| | D) | Zygote |
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| 4 | |
Humans have __________ pairs of chromosomes in normal developmental cases. |
| | A) | 46 |
| | B) | 23 |
| | C) | 2 |
| | D) | an undetermined number of |
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| 5 | |
A phenotype can include what kind of information? |
| | A) | only physical characteristics |
| | B) | only psychological characteristics |
| | C) | both psychological and physical characteristics. |
| | D) | neither psychological nor physical characteristics; instead, these are included in one's genotype |
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| 6 | |
Emily, who has brown eyes, has one dominant gene and one recessive gene. When we describe her actual genetic makeup, we are describing her: |
| | A) | phenotype. |
| | B) | genotype. |
| | C) | reaction range. |
| | D) | gametes. |
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| 7 | |
A genetic disorder that negative affects the shape of the body's red blood cells is called: |
| | A) | sickle-cell anemia. |
| | B) | phenylketonuria. |
| | C) | Klinefelter syndrome. |
| | D) | Turner syndrome. |
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| 8 | |
Which sex-linked chromosomal abnormality occurs when males have an extra X chromosome? |
| | A) | Klinefelter syndrome |
| | B) | Turner syndrome |
| | C) | XYY syndrome |
| | D) | Down syndrome. |
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| 9 | |
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is: |
| | A) | a genetic disorder in which males have an extra X chromosome. |
| | B) | a genetically transmitted form of mental retardation. |
| | C) | a genetic disorder affecting the red blood cells. |
| | D) | a genetic disorder that impairs the metabolizing of a specific, naturally-occurring amino acid. |
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| 10 | |
A(n) __________ is someone who seeks to discover the influence of heredity and environment on individual differences in human traits and development. |
| | A) | evolutionary psychologist |
| | B) | behavior geneticist |
| | C) | environmental psychologist |
| | D) | epigenetic psychologist |
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| 11 | |
According to Sandra Scarr, all the following are ways in which heredity and environment are correlated except: |
| | A) | passive genotype–environment correlations. |
| | B) | provocative genotype–environment correlations. |
| | C) | active (niche-picking) genotype–environment correlations. |
| | D) | evocative genotype–environment correlations. |
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| 12 | |
The trophoblast is: |
| | A) | the outer layer of cells that develops during the germinal period. |
| | B) | the inner layer of cells that develops during the germinal period. |
| | C) | the third stage of birth when the placenta and umbilical cord are expelled. |
| | D) | the period after childbirth or delivery. |
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| 13 | |
The endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm develop during the __________ period. |
| | A) | germinal |
| | B) | embryonic |
| | C) | fetal |
| | D) | preterm |
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| 14 | |
Which layer of embryonic cells eventually becomes the circulatory system, bones, excretory system, reproductive system, and muscles? |
| | A) | endoderm |
| | B) | mesoderm |
| | C) | ectoderm |
| | D) | blastocyst |
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| 15 | |
Which of the following is not part of the embryonic period? |
| | A) | intensified cell differentiation |
| | B) | appearance of organs |
| | C) | formation of cellular support systems |
| | D) | creation of the zygote |
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| 16 | |
Which is the longest period in prenatal development? |
| | A) | fetal |
| | B) | germinal |
| | C) | embryonic |
| | D) | organogenesis |
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| 17 | |
__________ is/are factors that cause birth defects. |
| | A) | Curanderos |
| | B) | Organogenesis |
| | C) | Teratogens |
| | D) | Placentas |
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| 18 | |
FASD refers to a cluster of abnormalities that appears in the offspring of mothers who __________ in pregnancy. |
| | A) | take prescription drugs |
| | B) | drink alcohol heavily |
| | C) | smoke |
| | D) | use cocaine |
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| 19 | |
Which of the following statements regarding prenatal development risks is true? |
| | A) | Paternal factors do not adversely affect prenatal development. |
| | B) | Older women are not at increased risk of having a baby with Down syndrome. |
| | C) | Maternal nutrition plays a large role in prenatal development. |
| | D) | Cigarette smoking by women has little effect on prenatal and child development. |
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| 20 | |
In stage __________ of labor, contractions cause the woman's cervix to stretch and open. |
| | A) | 1 |
| | B) | 2 |
| | C) | 3 |
| | D) | 4 |
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| 21 | |
An epidural block is a type of regional: |
| | A) | analgesia. |
| | B) | anesthesia. |
| | C) | oxytocic. |
| | D) | doula. |
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| 22 | |
The surgical removal of the baby from the uterus is called a/an: |
| | A) | cesarean section. |
| | B) | toxoplasmosis. |
| | C) | afterbirth. |
| | D) | involution. |
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| 23 | |
Babies born after a regular period of gestation but weighing less than __________ pounds are called low-birthweight infants. |
| | A) | 4 |
| | B) | 4½ |
| | C) | 5 |
| | D) | 5½ |
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| 24 | |
Regarding bonding, which of the following statements is false? |
| | A) | Bonding is the occurrence of close contact, especially physical contact, between parents and newborns in the period shortly after birth. |
| | B) | Many hospitals offer "rooming in" to encourage contact between new parents and their infants. |
| | C) | There is evidence that immediate, postnatal bonding is critical to the development of a competent, intelligent infant. |
| | D) | Special interest in bonding came about when some pediatricians argued that the circumstances surrounding delivery often separate mothers and their infants. |
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