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| 1 | |
What is Erikson's stage of psychosocial development in early childhood? |
| | A) | industry versus inferiority |
| | B) | initiative versus guilt |
| | C) | identity versus identity confusion |
| | D) | intimacy versus isolation |
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| 2 | |
What type of self-descriptions do children typically provide in early childhood? |
| | A) | body attributes |
| | B) | material possessions |
| | C) | physical activities |
| | D) | all of these |
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| 3 | |
In order to feel __________ emotions, children must be able to refer to themselves and be aware of themselves as distinct from others. |
| | A) | reflective |
| | B) | self-conscious |
| | C) | autonomous |
| | D) | symbolic |
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| 4 | |
__________ is Piaget's first stage of moral development in which rules are conceived of as unchangeable properties of the world. |
| | A) | Empathy |
| | B) | Imminent justice |
| | C) | Heteronomous morality |
| | D) | Autonomous morality |
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| 5 | |
__________ refer to a set of expectations that prescribe how females or males should think, act, and feel. |
| | A) | Gender |
| | B) | Gender roles |
| | C) | Gender identities |
| | D) | Sex |
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| 6 | |
Which statement best describes the explanation given by the gender schema theory for gender development? |
| | A) | An individual's attention and behavior are guided by an internal motivation to conform to cultural schemas that set out gender-based standards and stereotypes. |
| | B) | Children's gender typing occurs after they have developed a concept of gender, at which point they organize their worlds on the basis of gender. |
| | C) | Children learn expected gender behaviors through rewards and punishments, as well as through observation and imitation of models. |
| | D) | Identification with the same-sex parent, as well as incorporation of gender behavior similar to that expressed by the parent, results after resolution of the Oedipal conflict. A |
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| 7 | |
__________ parenting involves a restrictive, punitive style in which parents expect children to obey their rules without many questions. |
| | A) | Indulgent |
| | B) | Neglectful |
| | C) | Authoritative |
| | D) | Authoritarian |
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| 8 | |
Diana Baumrind's research suggests that parenting that is __________ and __________ leads to the best outcomes for children. |
| | A) | accepting; demanding |
| | B) | accepting; undemanding |
| | C) | rejecting; demanding |
| | D) | rejecting; undemanding |
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| 9 | |
Regarding child maltreatment, which of the following statements is true? |
| | A) | About one-third of parents who were abused themselves when young abuse their own children. |
| | B) | Child abuse does not place the child at risk for a number of different developmental problems. |
| | C) | The majority of maltreated children suffer life-threatening and/or disabling injuries. |
| | D) | Parents who abuse their children rarely come from families where physical punishment was used. |
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| 10 | |
Which of the following statements concerning siblings is incorrect? |
| | A) | During the preschool years, siblings in the presence of each other have a conflict approximately every 10 minutes. |
| | B) | Many children have mixed feelings toward their siblings. |
| | C) | To promote optimal sibling relationships, parents should avoid intervening and let siblings resolve conflicts on their own. |
| | D) | The intimacy between siblings can provide support or can be used to tease and undermine each other. |
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| 11 | |
Regarding the changing family, which of these statements is true? |
| | A) | A common experience of working parents is not feeling guilty about being away from their children. |
| | B) | There is consensus among psychologists that children from divorced families show adjustment problems to a greater extent than do children from nondivorced families. |
| | C) | Research suggests that there are long-term negative effects on children when their mothers work outside the home. |
| | D) | Disengagement from the family is higher among girls than boys in divorced families. |
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| 12 | |
A majority of children being raised by a gay or lesbian couple were born: |
| | A) | in poverty. |
| | B) | as a result of artificial insemination or surrogate parenting. |
| | C) | in a heterosexual relationship that ended in a divorce. |
| | D) | premature. |
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| 13 | |
Regarding cultural, ethnic, and socioeconomic variation in families, which of the following statements is true? |
| | A) | The most common parenting style around the world is authoritarian. |
| | B) | African American and Latino children are more likely than White American children are to live in small families. |
| | C) | High-income families use discipline that emphasizes externalization, whereas low-income families emphasize internalization. |
| | D) | African American and Latino children are more likely than White American children are to live in extended families. |
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| 14 | |
Peers are important in normal social development because: |
| | A) | they serve as powerful socialization agents. |
| | B) | those children who are accepted by their peers are likely to suffer fewer developmental problems. |
| | C) | they provide a source of information and comparison about the world outside the family. |
| | D) | All of these |
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| 15 | |
Regarding play, which of the following statements is true? |
| | A) | Play is not essential to a young child's health. |
| | B) | Play therapy is not successful in analyzing or helping with coping a child's conflicts. |
| | C) | Vygotsky deemphasized the role of play in cognitive development, whereas Piaget emphasized it. |
| | D) | Play is defined as a pleasurable activity that is engaged in for its own sake. |
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| 16 | |
How does play advance a child's cognitive development? |
| | A) | Play allows children to practice their competencies and acquired skills in a relaxed, pleasurable way. |
| | B) | Play provides a systematic means of imitation and correction for adult activities. |
| | C) | Play encourages ongoing peer negotiation and socialization through interdependent activities. |
| | D) | all of these |
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| 17 | |
Dolly is playing with a doll all by herself, and seems unaware and disinterested in what other kids on her classroom are doing. Parten would describe this as ______ play. |
| | A) | unoccupied |
| | B) | solitary |
| | C) | imitative |
| | D) | parallel |
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| 18 | |
In what type of play does a child increasingly transform their physical environment into a symbol? |
| | A) | practice |
| | B) | onlooker |
| | C) | pretense/symbolic |
| | D) | cooperative |
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| 19 | |
__________ play involves the repetition of behavior when new skills are being learned. |
| | A) | Sensorimotor |
| | B) | Practice |
| | C) | Symbolic |
| | D) | Constructive |
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| 20 | |
The highest incidence of game playing occurs: |
| | A) | in the preschool years. |
| | B) | between ages 10 and 12. |
| | C) | between ages 12 and 15. |
| | D) | at no particular age; there are no age differences in the playing of games. |
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| 21 | |
Regarding children and television, which of the following statement is true? |
| | A) | Television violence can cause aggressive behaviors in children. |
| | B) | Prosocial behaviors on television are associated with increased negative behavior in children. |
| | C) | Children watch only moderate amounts of television. |
| | D) | Television viewing is positively related to children's creativity skills. |
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| 22 | |
In which of the following developed countries do young children watch the most television? |
| | A) | the United States |
| | B) | Switzerland |
| | C) | Spain |
| | D) | Canada |
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