Click on the answer you consider correct.
All questions © William Glassman and Marilyn Hadad, 2004.
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1 | | If a behaviourist researcher assumes thinking is irrelevant to understanding behaviour, and ignores evidence that might contradict this view, the researcher |
| | A) | is showing a form of cognitive pathology. |
| | B) | has a preference for parsimony. |
| | C) | favours social constructionism. |
| | D) | all of the above. |
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2 | | Logical empiricism asserts that |
| | A) | theories may be evaluated by examining how well they account for observed data. |
| | B) | theories can be tested by whether or not they are logically consistent. |
| | C) | subjective forms of observation are invalid. |
| | D) | theories are evaluated by social processes rather than available evidence. |
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3 | | If the five approaches to psychology function like paradigms, then one would expect that |
| | A) | approaches are accepted or rejected based on the current evidence. |
| | B) | one approach will eventually replace all the others, when we gather enough evidence. |
| | C) | the popularity of approaches is more dependent on social processes than evidence. |
| | D) | the differences among the approaches will eventually disappear. |
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4 | | The shift from psychodynamic to biological treatments for many forms of abnormal behaviour is primarily the result of |
| | A) | behaviourists rejecting the focus on unconscious processes. |
| | B) | the development of new medications. |
| | C) | a loss of popularity for psychoanalysis after Freud died. |
| | D) | evidence that psychodynamic treatment doesn't work. |
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5 | | In order to address concerns about demand characteristics, Martin Orne suggested that |
| | A) | one should never do experiments. |
| | B) | researchers should extensively debrief participants. |
| | C) | naturalistic observation is better than doing field experiments. |
| | D) | the only reliable experiment is one that produces an unexpected outcome. |
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6 | | The 'butterfly effect' in chaos theory implies that |
| | A) | a small change in initial conditions can trigger large changes in outcomes. |
| | B) | the lack of consistency in controlling a situation results in distracting participants. |
| | C) | the complexity of behaviour makes prediction impossible. |
| | D) | changes in feedback processes can change the way people behave. |
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7 | | According to systems theory, the role of negative feedback is to |
| | A) | keep a system stable. |
| | B) | promote a change in response by a system. |
| | C) | discourage repetition of a particular response. |
| | D) | all of the above. |
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8 | | Chaos theory and systems theory challenge traditional methods in psychology because |
| | A) | they demonstrate that subjective evidence is actually more accurate than objective data. |
| | B) | they suggest that prediction is not a realistic criterion for understanding behaviour. |
| | C) | they suggest that no theory can ever be proven false. |
| | D) | all of the above. |
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9 | | The most appropriate way to think about the influence of culture on behaviour is to |
| | A) | assume that culture is superficial, and doesn't change basic human nature. |
| | B) | treat culture as another research variable, like age or gender. |
| | C) | consider culture as the context in which behaviour occurs. |
| | D) | use double-blind designs, so researchers won't be biased. |
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10 | | If Prof. Harrison believes in reductionism, he likely believes that |
| | A) | eventually, all the psychological approaches will be merged into the biological. |
| | B) | psychological theories must constantly be simplified to reduce the number of variables. |
| | C) | cultural influences should only be considered when behaviour can't be otherwised explained. |
| | D) | all of the above. |
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