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The New Testament Cover Image
The New Testament, 4/e
Stephen Harris, California State University - Sacramento
The Diverse World of First-Century Judaisms

Outline


I. Key topics/themes

  1. The diversity of first-century Judaism
  2. Common beliefs of first-century Jews

II. First-century Jewish diversity

  1. The Sadducees
    1. Origins of the Sadducees
    2. The Sadducees and the Romans
    3. Characteristic beliefs of the Sadducees
  1. The Pharisees
  1. Antagonism toward the Pharisees in the Gospels
  2. Strict Torah observance
    1. The oral law
    2. The oral law codified into the Mishnah and Talmud
  1. Hillel and Shammai
  2. Relationship between the views of Jesus and the Pharisees
  3. Gamaliel
  1. The Academy of Jamnia
    1. The leadership of Yohanan ben Zakkai after the destruction of Jerusalem
    2. The development of Judaism at Jamnia
  1. The Samaritans
    1. Origins of the Samaritans
    2. Hostility between Samaritans and Jews
    3. Relationships between Samaritans and early Christianity
  1. The Essenes and the Dead Sea Scrolls
  1. Discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls
  2. The Essenes
  3. Qumran
    1. The origins of the Qumran community
    2. Beliefs of the Qumran Essenes
  1. Contents of the Qumran library
    1. Books of the Hebrew Bible
    2. Pseudepigraphical books
    3. Commentaries on biblical books
    4. Community documents
  1. Essenes and the New Testament
  1. The Zealots
    1. Origins of the Zealot movement
    2. The role of the Zealots in the Jewish Revolt of 66 C.E.

III. The Messiah: First-century expectations

  1. Jesus' failure to meet Jewish messianic expectations
  2. Early Christian attempts to counter Jewish skepticism about Jesus' messiahship
  3. The royal covenant of King David
    1. Origins of Messiah theology in the reigns of the Davidic kings of Israel
    2. Historical end of the Davidic dynasty
  1. Israel's hopes for a new Davidic king
    1. Scriptural promises of a renewed Davidic monarchy
    2. The Messiah as political leader

IV. Messianic claimants before and after Jesus

  1. Judas the Galilean
  2. Zealots and the Sicarii
  3. Simon bar Giora
  4. Simon bar Kochba
  5. Portrayal of the Messiah in Psalm of Solomon 17
  6. A Christian view of the Messiah
    1. The incompleteness of Jesus' earthly mission
    2. The necessity of Jesus' return as supernatural king

V. Summary









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