 |  Psychological Testing and Assessment: An Introduction To Tests and Measurement, 5/e Ronald Jay Cohen
Mark Swerdlik
Psychological Testing and Assessment
Glossary
| ABAP | (American Board of Assessment Psychology), 28, 64
| | | | | ABPP | (American Board of Professional Psychology), 28
| | | | | Alternate assessment | An evaluative or diagnostic procedure or process that varies from the usual, customary, or standardized way a measurement is derived, either by some special accommodation made to the assessee or by alternative methods designed to measure the same variable(s), 4-6, 484-485
| | | | | Behavioral observation | Monitoring the actions of others or oneself by visual or electronic means while recording quantitative and/or qualitative information regarding the actions, typically for diagnostic or related purposes and either to design intervention or to measure the outcome of an intervention, 10, 393, 542
| | | | | Case history data | Records, transcripts, and other accounts in written, pictorial, or other form, in any media, that preserve archival information, official and informal accounts, and other data and items relevant to an assessee, 9-10, 417, 455
| | | | | Construct | An informed, scientific idea developed or generated to describe or explain behavior; some examples of constructs include "intelligence," "personality," "anxiety," and "job satisfaction," 14, 173
| | | | | Diagnosis | A description or conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and opinion through a process of distinguishing the nature of something and ruling out alternative conclusions, 17-18, 409-410
| | | | | Diagnostic test | A tool used to make a diagnosis, usually to identify areas of deficit to be targeted for intervention, 17-18, 306-308
| | | | | Erg | A unit of work, 27n
| | | | | Ergonomics | The study of work, 27n
| | | | | Error | Collectively, all of the factors other than what a test purports to measure that contribute to scores on the test; error is a variable in all testing and assessment, 18
| | | | | Error variance | In the true score model, the component of variance attributable to random sources irrelevant to the trait or ability the test purports to measure in an observed score or distribution of scores. Common sources of error variance include those related to test construction (including item or content sampling), test administration, and test scoring and interpretation, 18, 129
| | | | | Format | A general reference to the form, plan, structure, arrangement, or layout of test items as well as to related considerations such as time limits for test administration, 6.
| | | | | Interview | A tool of assessment in which information is gathered through direct, reciprocal communication, 8-9, 410-417
| | | | | Measurement | Assigning numbers or symbols to characteristics of people or objects according to rules, 15-16, 73
| | | | | Norms | The plural of norm, also referred to as normative data; the test performance data of a group of testtakers, designed as a reference for evaluating, interpreting, or otherwise placing in context individual test scores, 30, 100-112
| | | | | Portfolio | A work sample; referred to as portfolio assessment when used as a tool in an evaluative or diagnostic process, 9, 318
| | | | | Protocol | (1) The form or sheet on which test taker's responses are entered; (2) a method or procedure for evaluation or scoring, 22n
| | | | | Psychological assessment | The gathering and integrating of psychological data for psychological evaluation, through the use of tests, interviews, case studies, behavioral observation, and specially designed apparatuses and measurement procedures; contrast with psychological testing, 4
| | | | | Psychological test | A measuring device or procedure designed to measure psychology-related variables, 6
| | | | | Psychological testing | The measuring of psychology-related variables by means of devices or procedures designed to obtain samples of behavior, 4
| | | | | Psychometrics | The science of psychological measurement (synonymous with the antiquated term psychometry), 29
| | | | | PsycINFO | An online electronic database maintained by the American Psychological Association and leased to institutional users, designed to help individuals locate relevant documents from psychology, education, nursing, social work, law, medicine, and other disciplines, 35
| | | | | Rapport | A working relationship between examiner and examinee in testing or assessment, 22-23
| | | | | Reliability | The extent to which measurements are consistent or repeatable; also, the extent to which measurements differ from occasion to occasion as a function of measurement error, 29, 32, 128-153
| | | | | Role play test | An assessment tool wherein assessees are instructed to act as if they were placed in a particular situation, 10-11 Rorschach inkblot test, 43, 368-372
| | | | | Scale | (1) A system of ordered numerical or verbal descriptors, usually occurring at fixed intervals, used as a reference standard in measurement; (2) a set of numbers or other symbols whose properties model empirical properties of the objects or traits to which numbers or other symbols are assigned, 16, 73-76, 194
| | | | | Scaling | (1) In test construction, the process of setting rules for assigning numbers in measurement; (2) the process by which a measuring device is designed and calibrated and the way numbers (or other indices that are scale values) are assigned to different amounts of the trait, attribute, or characteristic measured; (3) assigning numbers in accordance with empirical properties of objects or traits, 16, 193-198
| | | | | Score(s) | A code or summary statement, usually but not necessarily numerical, that reflects an evaluation of the performance on a test, task, interview, or other sample of behavior, 6
| | | | | Scoring | The process of assigning evaluative codes or statements to performance on tests, tasks, interviews, or other behavior samples, 6-7
| | | | | Standard error of measurement | In true score theory, a statistic designed to estimate the extent to which an observed score deviates from a true score; also called the standard error of a score, 19, 148
| | | | | State | As in personality state, (1) the transitory exhibition of a trait, indicative of a relatively temporary predisposition to behave in a particular way; (2) in psychoanalytic theory, an inferred psychodynamic disposition designed to convey the dynamic quality of id, ego, and superego in perpetual conflict, 13, 14-16, 328
| | | | | Test | A measuring device or procedure, 6-8
| | | | | Trait | Any distinguishable, relatively enduring way in which one individual varies from another; contrast with state, 13-14
| | | | | Validity | A general term referring to a judgment regarding how well a test or other measurement tool measures what it purports to measure; this judgment has important implications regarding the appropriateness of inferences made and actions taken on the basis of measurements, 29-30, 32-33, 154-186
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education