Mary K. DeGenova
Philip F. Rice
| abortion | The expulsion of the fetus. Can be either spontaneous or induced.
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| artificial insemination | Injection of sperm cells into the woman's vagina or uterus for the purpose of inducing pregnancy.
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| blastocyst | The mass of cells 3 to 4 days after fertilization takes place that grows into an embryo.
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| castration | Removal of the testicles.
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| cervical cap | A small, rubber, thimble-shaped barrier that fits over the cervix and prevents the sperm from entering the uterus.
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| coitus interruptus | Withdrawal of the penis from the vagina prior to ejaculation; used as an attempt at birth control.
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| combination pills | Oral contraceptives containing estrogen and progestin.
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| condom | A rubber sheath worn over the penis to prevent sperm from being ejaculated into the vagina; also prevents venereal disease.
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| diaphragm | A thick, dome-shaped latex cap that is stretched over a collapsible metal ring, designed to cover the cervical opening to prevent sperm from entering the uterus.
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| douching | Squirting liquid containing vinegar or another substance into the vagina; sometimes used to try to wash out sperm after intercourse.
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| embryo transplant | Removing an embryo from the uterus of a donor and implanting it into the uterus of another woman.
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| emergency contraceptives | Oral contraceptives taken after intercourse to prevent unwanted pregnancy.
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| family planning | Having children by choice and not by chance; having the number of children wanted at the time planned.
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| gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) | The process of inserting sperm cells and an egg cell directly into the fallopian tube, where fertilization is expected to occur.
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| heterologous insemination (AID) | Artificial insemination by using the sperm of a donor.
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| homologous insemination (AIH) | Artificial insemination by using the sperm of the man.
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| in vitro fertilization (IVF) | Removing the egg cell from the mother, fertilizing it with the partner's sperm in the laboratory, and then implanting the fertilized egg in the uterine wall.
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| IUD | Intrauterine device; a device that is inserted into the uterus and worn there as a means of preventing pregnancy.
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| laparoscopy | Procedure whereby a tubular instrument is passed through the abdominal wall and the fallopian tubes are severed and/or closed as a sterilization technique.
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| minipill | An oral contraceptive containing progestin only.
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| open adoption | A system of adoption in which the birth mother is permitted to meet and play an active role in selecting the adoptive parents and to continue some form of contact with her child depending on the agreement reached.
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| oral contraceptives | Contraceptive pills taken orally.
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| ovum transfer | The process of artificially inseminating a volunteer female with sperm from an infertile woman's partner and removing the zygote after 5 days and transplanting it to the mother-to-be, who carries the child during pregnancy.
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| placebo | A pill having no pharmacological effect.
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| progestin implant | A capsule containing progestin that is implanted under the skin and can remain in place for several years to prevent pregnancy.
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| progestin injection | An injection of progestin to prevent pregnancy.
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| rhythm method | A method of birth control whereby the couple have intercourse only during those times of the menstrual cycle when the woman is least likely to get pregnant.
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| spermicides | Chemicals that are toxic to sperm and used as a contraceptive in the form of foam, suppository, cream, jelly, or film.
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| sterilization | The process of rendering a person infertile, by performing either a vasectomy in the male or tubal ligation in the female.
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| surrogate mother | A woman who agrees to be artificially inseminated with the semen of a father-to-be, to carry the fetus to term, and then to give the child to the couple along with all parental rights.
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| tubal ligation | Female sterilization by severing and/or closing the fallopian tubes so that the ovum cannot pass down the tube.
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| vasectomy | Male sterilization whereby the vas deferens are cut and tied to prevent the sperm from being ejaculated out of the penis.
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| zygote | A fertilized egg cell.
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education