Stanley J. Baran
| binary code | information transformed into a series of digits 1 and 0 for storage and manipulation in computers
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| browsers | software programs loaded on personal computers and used to download and view Web files
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| click stream | the series of choices made by a user on the Web
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| dataveillance | the massive electronic collection and distillation of consumer data
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| digital computer | a computer that processes data reduced to a binary code
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| domain name | on the World Wide Web, an identifying name, rather than a site's formal URL, that gives some indication of the nature of a site's content or owner
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| e-mail (electronic mail) | function of Internet allowing communication via computer with anyone else online, anyplace in the world, with no long-distance fees
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| embedded systems | systems that combine Internet capabilities with other technologies to add intelligence to those technologies
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| encryption | coding online content at the source so that it can only be read by an end user with appropriate decoding software; used for security purposes
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| fair use | in copyright law, instances where material may be used without permission or payment
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| First Amendment | Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peacefully to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances
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| flat rate billing | a flat monthly charge levied by a provider for Internet access
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| global village | a McLuhan concept; new communication technologies permit people to become increasingly involved in one another's lives
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| gripe site | Web page designed to counter or challenge another person or institution, typically one having more power than the site's creator
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| hackers | people interested in technology, information, and communication through computers
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| home page | entry way into a Web site, containing information and hyperlinks to other material
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| hosts | computers linking individual personal computer users to the Internet
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| hyperlink | connection, imbedded in Internet or Web site, allowing instant access to other material in that site as well as to material in other sites
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| information gap | the widening disparity in amounts and types of information available to information haves and have-nots
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| Internet | a global network of interconnected computers that communicate freely and share and exchange information
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| LANs (Local Area Networks) | networks connecting two or more computers, usually within the same building
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| mainframe computer | a large central computer to which users are connected by terminals
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| micro computer | a very small computer that uses a microprocessor to handle information (also called a personal computer or PC)
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| mini-computers | a relatively large central computer to which users are connected by terminals; not as large as a mainframe computer
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| modem | a device that translates digital computer information into an analog form so it can be transmitted through telephone lines
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| MP3 | file compression software that permits streaming of digital audio and video data
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| multimedia | advanced sound and image capabilities for micro computers
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| multiple user domain (MUD) | an online, virtual "community" where users are encouraged to create their own identities, which then interact with other virtual citizens of that community
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| open source software | freely downloaded software
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| operating system | the software that tells the computer how to work
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| pay-as-you-go pricing | billing Internet users based on the amount of time spent online
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| personal computer (PC) | see micro computer
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| piracy | the illegal recording and sale of copyrighted material
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| protocols | common rules that allow any computers to communicate with each other
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| providers (Internet) | companies that offer Internet connections at monthly rates depending on the kind and amount of access needed; also called internet service providers (ISPs)
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| search engines (sometimes called spiders, or Web crawlers) | Web or Net-search software providing on-screen menus
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| spiders | see search engines
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| technology gap | the widening disparity between communication technology haves and have-nots
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| URL (Uniform Resource Locator) | the designation of each file or directory on the host computer connected to the Internet
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| USENET | also known as network news, an internationally distributed Internet bulletin board system
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| WANs (Wide Area Networks) | networks that connect several LANs in different locations
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| Web crawlers | see search engines
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| World Wide Web | a tool that serves as a means of accessing files on computers connected via the Internet
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| zone | Internet address information, typically either geographic or descriptive of the type of organization
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education