Aggression for politics, infanticide, and group conflict—what is going on in chimpanzee communities? The hunting and capture of meat, including chimp infants, seems to play an important social role in chimpanzee societies, as does occasionally lethal inter-community violence. Is this the roots of war? Read the articles about chimp behavior and then turn to the questions about what you have learned.

The Brutal Ape vs. the Sexy Ape?
http://www.americanscientist.org/template/AssetDetail/assetid/14721/page/2

Chimpanzee Behavior: Basic Information
http://pin.primate.wisc.edu/factsheets/entry/chimpanzee/behav

Jane Goodall, "On Chimpanzee Aggression"
http://www.historychannel.com/speeches/archive/speech_451.html

Think about: Why do we draw parallels between chimpanzee behavior and human behavior?

Chimpanzee Hunting Behavior and Human Evolution
http://www.americanscientist.org/template/AssetDetail/assetid/24543/page/1;jsessionid=baa4WNKZzNn70j

Exploring Our Basic Human Nature: Are Humans Inherently Violent?
http://www.nmnh.si.edu/anthro/outreach/anthnote/fall97/anthnote.htm

Demonic Apes
http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/horizon/2004/demonicapetrans.shtml

http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/horizon/2004/demonicape.shtml

http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/horizon/2004/demonicapeqa.shtml

Think about: What are the different perspectives on the underlying reasons for chimpanzee aggression?

1	Both chimpanzees and bonobos live in fission-fusion social groups.
	A)	True
	B)	False
2	Among chimpanzees, party size increases when food is plentiful or females are sexually receptive.
	A)	True
	B)	False
3	Female chimpanzees are dominant over males.
	A)	True
	B)	False
4	Within a community, male chimpanzees are more likely than female chimpanzees to be related to each other.
	A)	True
	B)	False
5	Chimpanzee hunting behavior was first observed in the 1990s.
	A)	True
	B)	False
6	Meat is important to chimpanzees' communities both nutritionally and socially.
	A)	True
	B)	False
7	Female and male chimpanzees share equally in hunting.
	A)	True
	B)	False
8	Adolescent female chimpanzees experience a period of infertility, during which they usually emigrate to new social groups.
	A)	True
	B)	False
9	Infanticide is rare among chimpanzees and occurs only in times of severe famine or drought.
	A)	True
	B)	False
10	Because dominance hierarchies serve to restrict female chimpanzees' choices of mates, females practice multiple nating strategies.
	A)	True
	B)	False
11	Based on what you know about evolutionary relationships among primates, speculate on the origins of war and violence in chimpanzees and humans.