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Rains, Principles of Human Neuropsychology Book Cover
Principles of Human Neuropsychology
G. Dennis Rains, Kutztown University of Pennsylvania

The Historical Development of Neuropsychology

Chapter Outline

EARLY ATTEMPTS AT UNDERSTANDING THE BRAIN

The Brain Hypothesis

The Problem of Localization of Function

THE BEGINNINGS OF MODERN NEUROPSYCHOLOGY: BROCA

Antecedents to Broca: Gall and Bouillaud

The Case of "Tan"

The Concept of Hemispheric Dominance: The Left Hemisphere and Language

The Discovery of the Motor Cortex: Fritsch and Hitzig

FURTHER DISCOVERIES: WERNICKE

Wernicke's Discovery of Receptive Aphasia

The Concept of Sequential Processing

The Disconnection Syndrome Hypothesis

The Concept of Complementary Hemispheric Specialization: The Role of the Right Hemisphere

An Example of a Disconnection Syndrome: Alexia Without Agraphia

LOCALIZATION VERSUS HOLISM

The Limits of Localization: The Mapmakers

Reconciliation of the Holist and Localizationist Views: Hughlings-Jackson's Concept of Hierarchy

Bias and Preconception in Early-20th-Century Neuropsychology

THE PSYCHOMETRIC APPROACH TO NEUROPSYCHOLOGY

Group Studies and Statistical Analysis

The Continuing Role of the Case Study

RECENT FINDINGS

SUMMARY