Biology, Eighth Edition (Raven)

Chapter 4: Cell Structure

Learning Outcomes

• Understand why most cells are small in size.
• Describe the function and the composition of the plasma membrane.
• Explain the principles of the cell theory.
• Differentiate between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
• Understand the importance of the nucleus and its components.
• Differentiate between rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum both in structure and function.
• Understand how the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus interact with one another and know with which other organelles they are associated.
• Differentiate between the two energy- producing organelles of eukaryotes.
• Identify the three primary components of the cell’s cytoskeleton and how they affect cell shape, function, and movement.
• Compare and contrast bacterial flagella with eukaryotic flagella and cilia.
• Know how plant cells are fundamentally different from other kinds of cells.
• Compare the extracellular matrix of animal cells with the cell walls of plants.