Counter-arguments

In developing your argument, you should also pay attention to counterarguments, substantiated claims that do not support your position. To refute the truth of counterarguments or other people's positions, you can use one of two basic strategies:

If you are using the first strategy, you need to present contradictory evidence in order to demonstrate that the position you are refuting is not true. If you are using the second strategy, you do not need to show that someone else's position is wrong, only that it cannot be accepted based on the evidence at hand.