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1
As reported in "Elderly Americans," in comparing demographics of older female Americans of the last century to those of the present century, one finds that among today's elderly women there is a greater percentage who:
A)never married.
B)never divorced.
C)were never in the workforce.
D)had children.
2
As pointed out in "Elderly Americans," conditions that contributed to the aging of America during the first half of the twentieth century included:
A)rising fertility.
B)increases in international immigration.
C)improvements in adult health.
D)consistently healthy economy.
3
As noted in "Elderly Americans," women outnumber men at every age among the elderly.
A)True
B)False
4
As noted in "America's Old Getting Older," in absolute numbers, the three states that lead the nation in the 90-plus population—each with more than 130,000—include all of the following, except:
A)California.
B)Florida.
C)New York.
D)Texas
5
As mentioned in "America's Old Getting Older," since the mid-1980s, the U.S. Census Bureau often has released data on the 85-plus population, describing them as the:
A)final wave.
B)silver citizens.
C)golden agers.
D)oldest old.
6
As disclosed in "America's Old Getting Older," according to the National Institute on Aging, the share of people age 95 and older who report having some kind of impairment (such as inability to do errands, visit a doctor's office, climb stairs, or bathe) is about 82 percent.
A)True
B)False
7
As reported in "Living Longer," building muscle helps with all of the following except:
A)increased metabolism
B)improving gastrointestinal efficiency substantially.
C)decreasing bone mass by up to 10 percent.
D)reducing blood pressure.
8
As noted in "Living Longer," recent research has produced an impressive body of research that shows that:
A)antioxidants may protect the body and brain against the ravagesof aging.
B)more harm than good is characteristic of antioxidants.
C)dietary changes cannot slow aging.
D)women benefit from exercise far more than men.
9
As pointed out in "Living Longer," research has shown that one of the benefits of regular exercise is that it blunts the symptoms of depression.
A)True
B)False
10
As identified in "How to Live 100 Years," the biotech company developing antiaging compounds that was co-founded by David Sinclair (a professor of pathology at Harvard Medical School who has studied aging in animals) is:
A)SincMer.
B)Sirtris.
C)Stratavan.
D)Syntech.
11
As cited in "How to Live 100 Years," despite his excitement over his genetic findings, Dr. Bruce Yankner of Harvard Medical School is adamant that DNA is not:
A)a longevity factor.
B)well understood.
C)the marvel we had hoped it would be.
D)destiny.
12
As pointed out in "How to Live 100 Years," the majority of centenarians is composed of those who are mentally alert and relatively free of disability and remain active members of their communities.
A)True
B)False
13
According to "Will You Live to Be 100?" centenarians are:
A)baby boomers.
B)obese people.
C)people age 100 or more.
D)people who are sedentary.
14
As noted in "Will You Live to Be 100?" the incidence of colon cancer is decreased by:
A)flossing.
B)regular bowel movements.
C)increased coffee consumption.
D)sun tanning.
15
As suggested in "Will You Live to Be 100?" people who do not belong to cohesive families have increased levels of social and psychological stress.
A)True
B)False
16
As quoted in "Long Live . . . Us," author and psychologist Howard Friedman says that the primary enhancer of life expectancy is:
A)environment.
B)happiness.
C)antioxidants.
D)conscientiousness.
17
As noted in "Long Live . . . Us," the substances in red wine that protect blood vessels and reduce "bad" cholesterol are antioxidants and:
A)DHEA.
B)resveratol.
C)polyphenols.
D)catechins.
18
According to "Long Live . . . Us," one reason we are living longer than previous generations of Americans is that those in the 60-something age range are, on average, 10 pounds lighter than folks of a similar vintage a decade earlier.
A)True
B)False
19
As cited in "Age-Proof Your Brain," Art Kramer, professor of psychology and neuroscience at the University of Illinois, claims that if you do only one thing to keep your brain young, that one thing should be to:
A)read.
B)exercise.
C)eat right.
D)sleep well.
20
As quoted in "Age-Proof Your Brain," Cynthia R. Green, Ph.D., is the author of 30 Days to:
A)Total Brain Health.
B)Another 30 Years of a Sharp Mind.
C)a Near-Perfect Memory.
D)a New Brain.
21
According to "Age-Proof Your Brain," many experts now believe you can prevent or at least delay dementia—unless you have a genetic predisposition.
A)True
B)False
22
The concept of "The U-Bend of Life" emerged from a new branch of:
A)psychology.
B)economics.
C)biology.
D)physics.
23
As reported in "The U-Bend of Life," the concept of Gross National Happiness started in:
A)Switzerland.
B)the United States.
C)Peru.
D)Bhutan.
24
As mentioned in "The U-Bend of Life," having children tends to make people both happier overall and on a day-to-day basis.
A)True
B)False
25
As set forth in "Poll: Obesity Hits More Boomers in U.S.," baby boomers say that their biggest health fear is:
A)diabetes.
B)heart disease.
C)cancer.
D)Alzheimer's.
26
As identified in "Poll: Obesity Hits More Boomers in U.S.," Jeff Levi is affiliated with:
A)the Trust for America's Health.
B)the Associated Press-LifeGoesStrong.com poll.
C)Wake Forest University.
D)AARP.
27
As stated in "Poll: Obesity Hits More Boomers in U.S.," most of the polled baby boomers say that they get some aerobic exercise, the kind that revs up your heart rate, at least once a week.
A)True
B)False
28
According to the first myth discussed in "The Myths of Living Longer," it is not married people who live longer but:
A)single men.
B)married men.
C)married women.
D)divorced men.
29
As reported in "The Myths of Living Longer," when it comes to predicting longevity, cheerfulness was a risk factor comparable to:
A)marital status.
B)a high level of education.
C)conscientiousness.
D)high blood pressure and high cholesterol.
30
As noted in "The Myths of Living Longer," the most successful men lived five years longer, on average, than the least successful men.
A)True
B)False
31
Many young and healthy adults, as explained in "Society Fears the Aging Process," avoid contact with elderly people because they fear:
A)the loss of independence associated with aging.
B)they will be obligated to spend increasing amounts of time with them.
C)they will have little in common with older people.
D)they might say something that will upset an older person.
32
As described in "Society Fears the Aging Process," when she first began visiting nursing homes, the author was most upset by the:
A)lack of visitors the residents received.
B)lack of concern the staff showed to the residents.
C)fear she might one day live in such a place.
D)sight of so many elderly people with little to say to each other.
33
In part because of the influence of present-focused advertising and television, as maintained in "Society Fears the Aging Process," the baby boomers can be considered an almost futureless generation.
A)True
B)False
34
Jack Gross, the author of "We Need to Fight Age Bias," believes that:
A)his lawsuit greatly diminished the frequency of age discrimination.
B)age discrimination is very real and pervasive in employment.
C)the Supreme Court properly upheld his argument with his former employer.
D)age discrimination will wither away as Americans live longer.
35
As concluded in "Friendships, Family Relationships Get Better with Age Thanks to Forgiveness, Stereotypes," relationships improve for older adults for all of the following reasons except:
A)attitudes of respect.
B)perception of limited time.
C)improved cognition.
D)forgiveness.
36
As related in "How Old Do You Feel Inside?", Harvard University psychologist Ellen Langer says older people jump to the conclusion that memory failures are part of their inevitable decline, when in fact it could be that their:
A)memory has actually improved.
B)medications are the sole or principal culprit in memory impairment.
C)memory failures are more imagined than actual.
D)values change about what is meaningful enough to remember.
37
As reported in "How Old Do You Feel Inside?", men and women over 50 with more positive self-perceptions of aging lived 7.6 years longer than those with negative perceptions, according to a 2002 study led by:
A)Yale University epidemiology and psychology professor Becca Levy.
B)Mayo Clinic gerontologist Richard Good.
C)Markus Schafer, assistant professor of sociology at the University of Toronto.
D)Leona Tate, MSN, professor of nursing and elderly issues at Rochester University.
38
As quoted in "How Old Do You Feel Inside?", Langer has asserted that what she wants to see is older people learning to think of themselves as young.
A)True
B)False
39
As reported in "Never Have a Heart Attack," compared to nonsmokers, people who smoke:
A)have no difference in their blood pressure.
B)have no difference in their good cholesterol.
C)tend to exercise more.
D)are more likely to die of heart disease.
40
In "Never Have a Heart Attack," the author's review of the risk factors for heart attack finds that:
A)they can generally not be changed by behavior.
B)they can be controlled with proper treatment.
C)most people have all the risk factors under control.
D)the risk factors do not respond to medication.
41
As stated in "Never Have a Heart Attack," excess weight boosts risk of heart attack equally wherever on the body you put the weight on.
A)True
B)False
42
As recounted in "The Worst Place to Be if You're Sick," in the 1990s, Ilene Corina endured the death of her healthy three-year-old son when doctors failed to attend to complications from a routine:
A)ear-infection treatment.
B)blood test.
C)tonsillectomy.
D)inoculation.
43
As pointed out in "The Worst Place to Be if You're Sick," the startling announcement that each year "as many as 100,000 Americans die in hospitals from preventable medical mistakes" appeared in a report published in 1999 by the Institute of Medicine, titled:
A)Medical Vigilance.
B)Who's to Blame?
C)To Err Is Human.
D)Health Affairs.
44
As disclosed in "The Worst Place to Be if You're Sick," U.S. surgeons operate on the wrong person or body part as often as 40 times per week1.
A)True
B)False
45
As stated in "Poll: Upbeat Baby Boomers Say They're Not Old Yet," according to the Associated Press-LifeGoesStrong.com poll, the median age that baby boomers cite as the start of old age is:
A)60.
B)70.
C)80.
D)85.
46
As revealed in "Poll: Upbeat Baby Boomers Say They're Not Old Yet," baby boomers most frequently say that the best thing about aging is:
A)having much better health than their aging parents had.
B)the wisdom accumulated over their lives.
C)having witnessed remarkable advances in technology.
D)the joy of grandchildren (and even great-grandchildren).
47
As disclosed in "Poll: Upbeat Baby Boomers Say They're Not Old Yet," a third of those polled feel confident about growing older, almost twice as many as find it frustrating or sad
A)True
B)False
48
As detailed in "Never Too Late," strong evidence that starting to exercise late in life is better than never starting at all was provided by a study of men in:
A)Uppsala, Sweden.
B)Berlin, Germany.
C)Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
D)Copenhagen, Denmark.
49
The authors of "Never Too Late" suggest spreading the gospel of exercise for health to the younger generations, which, they say, have grown:
A)complacent about the ability of medicine to fix them.
B)addicted to junk food.
C)distressingly fat and lazy.
D)up without adequate role models.
50
As stated in "Never Too Late," only 8 percent of Americans between the ages of 40 and 74 have all four of the healthy lifestyle habits identified in the "Not by Exercise Alone" box.
A)True
B)False
51
As noted in "Live for Today, Save for Tomorrow," what could, in fact, be a realistic saving-for-retirement option is something that T. Rowe Price calls:
A)counter-retirement.
B)tapered retirement.
C)practice retirement.
D)re-tiered retirement.
52
According to "Live for Today, Save for Tomorrow," about one third of workers ages 51 through 55 in 1992 were involuntarily bounced from their jobs by the time they reached their:
A)next birthday.
B)late 50s.
C)62nd birthday.
D)mid-to-late 60s.
53
As cited in "Live for Today, Save for Tomorrow," a recent survey by the Employee Benefit Research Institute reveals that more than 60 percent of workers say they expect to retire at age 65 or later.
A)True
B)False
54
As noted in "Do It Yourself Financial Freedom," annuities:
A)cannot be bought after age 65.
B)vary in cost depending on your state of health.
C)should only be bought in their tax-deferred form.
D)are too complicated in the deferred annuities form.
55
Recommendations regarding investments made in "Do It Yourself Financial Freedom" include:
A)stick with bonds.
B)buy only blue chips.
C)avoid individual stocks.
D)avoid mutual funds.
56
According to "Do It Yourself Financial Freedom," people need to start saving before retirement.
A)True
B)False
57
As pointed out in "Top 25 Social Security Questions," surplus Social Security funds are invested in:
A)mutual funds.
B)U.S.-guaranteed Treasury bonds.
C)the stock market.
D)gold.
58
According to "Top 25 Social Security Questions," the Social Security trust fund and continuing contributions will allow payment of all benefits at current rates until:
A)2017.
B)2024.
C)2037.
D)2052.
59
As stated in "Top 25 Social Security Questions," the AARP believes that Social Security benefits should not be targeted to reduce the federal deficit.
A)True
B)False
60
As identified in "Paying for Retirement," the study presented here applied the theoretical frameworks of two 1995 studies of pension benefits and retirement income of retirees, which were conducted by Solomon and:
A)Averitt.
B)Tolbert.
C)Munnell.
D)DeViney.
61
As enumerated in "Paying for Retirement," the 1995 studies used independent variables that can be clustered into three theory types, which include all of the following, except:
A)structural theories.
B)individual-level theories.
C)the theory of determinate proxy.
D)the life course perspective.
62
According to "Paying for Retirement," in 2010, the Bureau of Labor Statistics reported that only 20 percent of workers in the private sector were eligible for defined benefit plans but that 59 percent were eligible for defined contribution plans.
A)True
B)False
63
As related in "Work/Retirement Choices and Lifestyle Patterns of Older Americans," an individual's occupation is:
A)the sole means of identity.
B)easily given up for leisure pursuits.
C)perhaps the best single determinant of his or her status in the community.
D)not likely to be continued past middle age.
64
As set forth in "Work/Retirement Choices and Lifestyle Patterns of Older Americans," changing activities and roles that accompany retirement:
A)need not lead to a loss of self-respect or of active involvement in the mainstream of life.
B)must utilize all facets of an older person's personality.
C)depends solely upon income.
D)determines a retiree's ultimate health and well-being.
65
As mentioned in "Work/Retirement Choices and Lifestyle Patterns of Older Americans," the relevance of work and leisure activities for an individual is rarely intertwined in his or her thinking.
A)True
B)False
66
As established in "A Longitudinal Analysis of Social Engagement in Late-Life Widowhood," the two key aspects of social engagement during late-life widowhood examined in the authors' study are participation in social activities and the extent of:
A)networking via digital devices.
B)contact with children.
C)telephone and/or letter exchanges with old friends.
D)initiated contact with the outside world.
67
As observed in "A Longitudinal Analysis of Social Engagement in Late-Life Widowhood," contact in widowhood (particularly during the early stages) tends to be focused on:
A)friends.
B)pets.
C)adult children.
D)impersonal encounters (meter readers, store clerks, etc.).
68
According to "A Longitudinal Analysis of Social Engagement in Late-Life Widowhood," to date, there has been no consensus regarding the relationship between widowhood and the frequency of contact and social activities in later life.
A)True
B)False
69
As pointed out in "The Grieving Process," the ultimate goal in conquering loneliness during grief is to build new independence or:
A)find a new and equally viable relationship.
B)avoid being alone with one's memories.
C)put the lost loved one out of mind.
D)find contentment entirely within oneself.
70
As identified in "The Grieving Process," states shared by Kubler-Ross's dying process and Kavanaugh's grieving process include:
A)relief.
B)bargaining.
C)denial.
D)guilt.
71
As reported in "The Grieving Process," many men find their grief through anger.
A)True
B)False
72
According to "End of Life Concerns and Care Preferences," the principal concern shared by elders and family caregivers in terminal-illness situations is:
A)taking too much medicine.
B)fear of pain.
C)running out of money.
D)losing sanity.
73
As noted in "End of Life Concerns and Care Preferences," all of the participants in the study:
A)lived in assisted-living facilities.
B)had no more than one chronic condition.
C)spoke English.
D)lived alone.
74
As reported in "End of Life Concerns and Care Preferences," the majority of the caregivers reported that caring for their elders had become a burden.
A)True
B)False
75
According to "The Myriad Strategies for Seeking Control in the Dying Process," the majority of the subjects in the study said that they:
A)only used selective primary control.
B)could no longer rely completely on themselves and had to ask for help.
C)used a primary control strategy in combination with another primary or compensatory secondary strategy.
D)made no effort to regain control.
76
As noted in "The Myriad Strategies for Seeking Control in the Dying Process," factors that have been reported by elders as important to experiencing a quality death include all of the following except:
A)feeling a sense of purpose.
B)being able to maintain dignity.
C)not feeling like a burden.
D)completing life's work.
77
As stated in "The Myriad Strategies for Seeking Control in the Dying Process," elders report that their illness is the main reason they do not have as much control over their bodies as they would like.
A)True
B)False
78
As presented in "A Little Help Can Go a Long Way," a primary characteristic of "aging in place" is:
A)refusing financial help from relatives.
B)growing old in one's own longtime home.
C)moving to a retirement home with nursing.
D)preparation for death.
79
As detailed in "A Little Help Can Go a Long Way," the support services of the Verona, New Jersey, Verona LIVE program include all of the following except:
A)home maintenance.
B)access to a social worker and job counselor.
C)social activities.
D)direct financial help.
80
As claimed in "A Little Help Can Go a Long Way," among older people there is a widespread dread of going to a nursing home.
A)True
B)False
81
As profiled in "Happy Together," experts say that the common denominator in existing and still-to-be-created models for senior housing is the desire to be part of a community that:
A)shares common interests, values, or resources.
B)offers medical care as needed.
C)offers proximity to shopping and leisure activities.
D)incorporates younger generations of family members.
82
According to "Happy Together," hands down, the fastest-growing niche community sector is:
A)gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender communities.
B)mature-singles communities.
C)university-based retirement communities.
D)"green," or environmentally based, communities.
83
As quoted in "Happy Together," Andrew Carle, founding director of the Program in Assisted Living/Senior Housing Administration at George Mason University, speculates that in the future there could be assisted living for vegetarians or Grateful Dead fans.
A)True
B)False
84
As stated in "City Governments and Aging in Place," the sample for this study included all 101 cities located in the:
A)San Francisco Bay area.
B)mid-Atlantic states.
C)Northeast.
D)South Florida Metropolitan area.
85
As noted in "City Governments and Aging in Place," mixed-use and walkable neighborhoods are related to increased physical activity and decreased limitations of "IADL," which stands for:
A)implementing-acting-doing lifestyle.
B)instrumental activities of daily living.
C)ideal activity-dedication levels.
D)isometric, aerobic, and dynamic leisure.
86
As observed in "City Governments and Aging in Place," higher per-capita government spending was positively associated with innovation adoption, whereas the existence of a policy entrepreneur was negatively associated with innovation adoption.
A)True
B)False
87
As profiled in "The Real Social Network," the concept of the village movement began in:
A)Boston.
B)Philadelphia.
C)Seattle.
D)Houston.
88
As quoted in "The Real Social Network," Capitol Hill Village executive director Gail Kohn characterizes traditional nursing homes as:
A)the least popular option available.
B)obsolete.
C)old-age ghettos.
D)death camps.
89
As revealed in "The Real Social Network," many villages boast a range of wellness services to meet the growing health demands of members.
A)True
B)False
90
As described in "Let's Restore the Middle Class," restoring middle-class prosperity should involve all of the following except:
A)strengthening Social Security.
B)increasing retirement savings.
C)eliminating inheritance taxes.
D)slowing the growth of healthcare costs.
91
As stated in "Let's Restore the Middle Class," discussions about reducing the national debt and the budget deficit are really about:
A)what kind of country the United States wants to be.
B)controlling immigration.
C)raising taxes on the rich.
D)limiting the powers of the federal government.
92
As listed in "Let's Restore the Middle Class," factors that have pulled more and more of the middle class into poverty include lack of job opportunities, rising healthcare costs, and stagnant wages.
A)True
B)False
93
According to “Social Security: Fears vs. Facts,” the Social Security program could be put back on firm financial ground by:
A)making benefit changes based on longer life expectancy and other reforms.
B)having interest paid on Social Security trust fund assets.
C)allowing people to invest the funds credited to their Social Security account.
D)reducing payments by 20 percent to all Social Security recipients.
94
As given in "Social Security Heading for Insolvency Even Faster," the number of retirees, disabled workers, spouses, and children who receive Social Security payments is currently:
A)slightly under 39 million.
B)about 25 million.
C)more than 56 million.
D)decreasing steadily.
95
As cited in "Social Security Heading for Insolvency Even Faster," options to reduce Social Security costs include all of the following, except:
A)sharply increasing workers' and employers' contributions to Social Security.
B)raising the full-retirement age.
C)reducing annual benefit increases.
D)limiting benefits for wealthier Americans.
96
As claimed in "Social Security Heading for Insolvency Even Faster," Social Security payments to millions of Americans could be cut unless Congress acts forcefully.
A)True
B)False
97
As detailed in "Keep the Health Care Act," the Affordable Care Act's important benefits include all of the following except:
A)strengthening Medicare.
B)adding new benefits and protections.
C)expanding the doughnut hole for prescription drugs.
D)making medical-insurance coverage more affordable.
98
As stated in "Medicare May Soon Take New Shape," the current age of eligibility for Medicare is:
A)57.
B)60.
C)65.
D)68.
99
As related in "Medicare May Soon Take New Shape," in the debate over President Obama's health plan, Republicans said repeatedly that he was "raiding Medicare" to pay for:
A)the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq.
B)reproductive services for women.
C)the new prescription-benefit program.
D)a new entitlement program providing insurance for people under 65.
100
As put forward in "Medicare May Soon Take New Shape," President Obama and House Republicans are basically in agreement about how to address Medicare's long-term problems.
A)True
B)False
101
As identified in "Time for a Tune-Up," among Social Security reforms on the table, the proposed measure that assumes consumers alter their buying patterns if a price goes up too much is called the:
A)frugality factor.
B)leapfrog index.
C)chained CPI.
D)flexibility equation.
102
As discussed in "Time for a Tune-Up," the approach that takes into special account the type of spending that is more common among people 62 and older, such as medical care (which continues to rise faster than other costs), uses a formula known as:
A)CPI-E.
B)CPI-W.
C)COLA.
D)RET-M.
103
According to "Time for a Tune-Up," in just 21 years, Social Security will be able to pay only three-fourths of its promised benefits.
A)True
B)False
104
As stressed in "Protect Social Security," Social Security is a risk-free lifeline for all of the following groups except:
A)widows and other survivors.
B)people with disabilities.
C)older Americans.
D)anyone who served in the military.
105
As identified in "Retooling Medicare?", the most politically contentious plan in Medicare reform would limit federal spending on Medicare and alter the way the government pays for benefits, as devised by Republican Paul Ryan, a U.S.:
A)congressman from Wisconsin.
B)senator from Illinois.
C)Department of Health and Human Services undersecretary.
D)Commission on Aging attorney.
106
As referenced in "Retooling Medicare?", among the Medicare reform proposals, there is one that aims to gradually bring Medicare in line with Social Security, where full retirement age is set to rise to:
A)66 by 2021.
B)67 by 2027.
C)70 by 2032.
D)72 by 2035.
107
As reported in "Retooling Medicare?", polls show that most Americans prefer to keep Medicare as it is.
A)True
B)False





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