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Practice Quiz
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1
As argued in "From Hope to Audacity," President Obama deserved to win the Nobel Peace Prize because he:
A)succeeded at negotiating peace in the Middle East.
B)reconceptualized U.S. foreign policy with respect to several important geopolitical issues.
C)returned the United States to its rightful role as the world's only superpower.
D)won the global war on terror.
2
As claimed in "From Hope to Audacity," a specific concern with Obama's redefined foreign policy is that it is:
A)lacking in specific goals and decision-making strategies.
B)the president's central focus, to the detriment of other U.S. problems.
C)vulnerable to dilution due to the involvement of so many players and Obama's divided attentions.
D)controlled by Obama alone, with no input from other, more experienced, individuals.
3
As stated in "From Hope to Audacity," Obama's position toward Iran's nuclear-weapons program has been one of negotiation, rather than militarization.
A)True
B)False
4
According to "The World Still Needs a Leader," the actions of the world's major powers are usually most affected by the:
A)actions of the United States.
B)global crisis of the moment.
C)decisions made by coalitions of smaller, less-powerful states.
D)need to dominate world politics.
5
As claimed in "The World Still Needs a Leader," the central issue for the United States today is how to:
A)regain its role as the dominant power in the world.
B)delegate power and responsibility to smaller nations.
C)remain on equal footing with new states rising to power.
D)use its power to preempt or help solve world problems.
6
As noted in "The World Still Needs a Leader," the Cold War era reflected an extended period of U.S. dominance in the world.
A)True
B)False
7
As characterized in "Hegemony on the Cheap," "classical liberal assumptions," which have guided U.S. foreign policy from the early twentieth century to the present, posit that:
A)the United States should foster democracy and free trade across the globe.
B)it is the responsibility of a centralized government to provide social services for its citizens.
C)ensuring market stability will inevitably produce democratic conditions.
D)creation of a stable world peace depends on intervention by elite, enlightened world leaders.
8
A key failure in the Bush Administration's approach to the war son Afghanistan and Iraq, as observed in "Hegemony on the Cheap," involves:
A)preemptive military intervention.
B)ill-conceived military strategy during the early phases of active conflict.
C)insufficient attention paid to building domestic support for these conflicts.
D)lack of resources devoted to post-war reconstruction.
9
In contrast to Richard Nixon, both Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan emphasized a reassertion of liberal foreign policy ideals in their presidencies, as noted in "Hegemony on the Cheap."
A)True
B)False
10
As reported in "The Eagle Has Crash Landed," the event that determined the geopolitical constraints of the second half of the twentieth century was the:
A)founding of the United Nations.
B)Yalta meeting of Roosevelt, Stalin, and Churchill.
C)development of nuclear weapons.
D)establishment of the state of Israel.
11
As pointed out in "The Eagle Has Crash Landed," hawks in the United States believe that:
A)the United States should act as an imperial power.
B)the United States cannot successfully invade Iraq.
C)nothing can slow the decline of the United States in international affairs.
D)Washington must have the support of Europe to act in the Middle East.
12
As stated in "The Eagle Has Crash Landed," Saddam Hussein would never have dared invade Kuwait had the Yalta agreements remained in place.
A)True
B)False
13
As presented in "Pillars of the Next American Century," in order to maintain its global prominence in the twenty-first century, the United States must:
A)work to spread the concepts of democracy and the American way of life across the globe.
B)take action against China, either militarily or through economic sanctions.
C)win the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.
D)revert to and reinvent those factors that made America great in the past.
14
As claimed in "Pillars of the Next American Century," the essential base for all power in international affairs is:
A)military power.
B)economic power.
C)ideological power.
D)size and population.
15
As argued in "Pillars of the Next American Century," a major U.S. concern, today and in the future, is the growing number of poorly educated people in the country.
A)True
B)False
16
As claimed in "Grand Strategy for a Divided America," looking at politics today, it can be said that at no other time since World War II has America seen such:
A)overwhelming cooperation between political parties.
B)disagreement between the American public and its leaders.
C)stark divisions between Democratic and Republican ideology.
D)public support for its current government's platforms.
17
As asserted in "Grand Strategy for a Divided America," the path to U.S. security is:
A)solvency.
B)partisanship.
C)national debate.
D)new leadership.
18
As noted in "Grand Strategy for a Divided America," the historical norm for American politics is partisan wrangling.
A)True
B)False
19
As presented in "Enemies into Friends," President Obama's sometimes-controversial approach to working with foreign adversaries has been one of:
A)reconciliation.
B)sanctions.
C)military force.
D)grandiose displays of power.
20
As claimed in "Enemies into Friends," those nations that refuse to respond to Obama's overtures should be:
A)invaded.
B)isolated and contained.
C)ignored.
D)pleaded with.
21
According to "Enemies into Friends," well-meaning and properly approached rapprochement efforts are rarely met with domestic backlash.
A)True
B)False
22
As claimed in "Will Moscow Help with Trouble Spots?", the United States' primary concern with Russia now is:
A)working with the Kremlin to create a democracy in Russia.
B)the Russian government's ability to make rational foreign-policy decisions.
C)convincing the Russian government to allow NATO membership for Georgia and Ukraine.
D)working with the Kremlin to create a ballistic missile defense in Central Europe.
23
As noted in "Will Moscow Help with Trouble Spots?", Russia's claim that Iran is not attempting to develop nuclear weapons proves that:
A)Iran is not attempting to develop nuclear weapons.
B)the United States is exaggerating its claims about Iran's nuclear-weapons program.
C)Russia is in league with Iran in developing secret nuclear weapons.
D)Iran's nuclear ambitions do not negatively affect Russia's own interests.
24
As presented in "Will Moscow Help with Trouble Spots?", Russia's "three noes" approach toward Iran indicates a Russian desire to maintain the status quo.
A)True
B)False
25
As presented in "Russia and the West: Mutually Assured Distrust," one event that reflects the relationship between Vladimir Putin and the current U.S. administration is:
A)Russia's acceptance as the site for the 2014 Winter Olympics.
B)George W. Bush's invitation to Putin to meet in Kennebunkport, Maine.
C)Putin's refusal to share intelligence about terrorist activity with the United States.
D)U.S. disinterest in setting up business operations in Russia.
26
As noted in "Russia and the West: Mutually Assured Distrust," observers in the West viewed Russia as taking a step backward in democratization when Putin:
A)took over Russia's major television networks.
B)charged Western oil companies with polluting the environment.
C)reenacted Boris Yeltsin's governmental policies.
D)abolished direct elections for governors.
27
As discussed in "Russia and the West: Mutually Assured Distrust," Estonia and Lithuania are still under Russian control and so must follow Putin's policies, even if they do not agree with them.
A)True
B)False
28
According to "Emerging Strategic Dilemmas in U.S.-Chinese Relations," one of the biggest problems with the Obama Administration's arms-control agenda is that it:
A)relies on the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START), which is set to expire.
B)does not involve input from or the acknowledgement of Moscow.
C)is being integrated too slowly in the face of rapid nuclear escalation in the world.
D)does not include agreements with China.
29
As explained in "Emerging Strategic Dilemmas in U.S.-Chinese Relations," China's nuclear doctrine has consistently been based on the concept of:
A)retaliation.
B)first strike.
C)superiority.
D)numbers.
30
As noted in "Emerging Strategic Dilemmas in U.S.-Chinese Relations," like U.S. and Russian nuclear power capabilities during the Cold War, U.S. and Chinese nuclear power is virtually evenly matched.
A)True
B)False
31
According to "China's Challenge to U.S. Hegemony," the biggest reason for the decline of American hegemony is the:
A)collapse of the Soviet Union.
B)U.S. war in Iraq.
C)rise of China as a world power.
D)Sino-American war.
32
As defined in "China's Challenge to U.S. Hegemony," to the United States, a "peer competitor" is a nation that is:
A)involved in cooperative relationships with the United States.
B)powerful enough to threaten U.S. hegemony.
C)engaged in war with the United States.
D)accepts the United States as the most powerful nation in the world.
33
As asserted in "China's Challenge to U.S. Hegemony," the one thing that threatens to draw the United States into a war with China would be a challenge to American primacy.
A)True
B)False
34
As argued in "Let's Make a Deal," the denuclearization of the Korean peninsula is important to the United States because North Korea:
A)is a major nuclear player that threatens surrounding countries in the region.
B)can easily team up with China to become a nuclear threat to the United States.
C)has the capacity to upset U.S. interests and relations within East Asia.
D)has recently restarted its reactor and stepped up its nuclear ambitions.
35
As explained in "Let's Make a Deal," the current U.S. policy toward North Korea is one of:
A)military engagement.
B)isolation and containment.
C)negotiation and diplomacy.
D)military and political alliance.
36
As stated in "Let's Make a Deal," the one thing that is known about North Korean nuclear policy is that the government has demonstrated significant restraint in pursuing its nuclear program.
A)True
B)False
37
As claimed in "Requiem for the Monroe Doctrine," a recent trend for Latin America and the Caribbean has been to:
A)deepen ties with the United States and reject alliances with other foreign powers.
B)call the Monroe Doctrine into play in their interactions with the United States.
C)reject leaders who do not support and agree with the United States.
D)seek greater independence from the United States and strengthen ties with other foreign nations.
38
As presented in "Requiem for the Monroe Doctrine," the Monroe Doctrine was a foreign policy created by President James Monroe that asserted the United States' right to:
A)oppose foreign powers in the Western Hemisphere.
B)establish economic and political agreements with Latin America.
C)control the governments of Latin America.
D)remain free of any obligation to foreign nations.
39
As noted in "Requiem for the Monroe Doctrine," since its inception, the Monroe Doctrine has neither required nor undergone any reinterpretation by U.S. leaders.
A)True
B)False
40
As claimed in "Mirror-Imaging the Mullahs," the truth of Islam, not so easily understood by Westerners, is that the devout version embraced by Islamic states:
A)heals and creates harmony between nations.
B)intrudes upon and distorts dealings between nations.
C)reflects a mirror image of the Christianity practiced in Western nations.
D)is rapidly disappearing.
41
As asserted in "Mirror-Imaging the Mullahs," the greatest impediment to rational American policy directed toward Islamic nations is a Western tendency to:
A)dismiss or ignore Islam as a world religion.
B)attempt to convert Muslims to Christianity.
C)accept Islam as an integral part of political negotiations.
D)recast Islam into a version of Christianity.
42
As stated in "Mirror-Imaging the Mullahs," well-educated Middle Eastern Muslims do not let their religion determine their political behavior.
A)True
B)False
43
According to "After Iran Get the Bomb," if Iran's nuclear program continues to progress at its current rate, Iran:
A)will be a direct nuclear threat to the United States within the next six years.
B)is unlikely to be a nuclear concern for several generations.
C)could have the nuclear material needed to build a bomb within the next two years.
D)will have a nuclear arsenal before President Obama's current term expires.
44
As noted in "After Iran Get the Bomb," Iran's nuclear program is increasingly emerging as:
A)the most important aspect of the country's foreign relations.
B)a problem for Iran's non-violent religious leaders.
C)an essential aspect of its hegemonic ambitions.
D)a defining element of its national identity.
45
As claimed in "After Iran Get the Bomb," the biggest threat of a nuclear Iran is the possibility that Iran would transfer nuclear devices to terrorist organizations.
A)True
B)False
46
According to "U.S. Africa Command: A New Strategic Paradigm?," the plan for the new Africa Command (AFRICOM) is to assist African partners in:
A)fighting and winning wars.
B)protecting their borders.
C)stabilizing Africa's environment.
D)transforming Africa into a great world power.
47
As presented in "U.S. Africa Command: A New Strategic Paradigm?," the strategy in use during the creation of AFRICOM that was not seen during the creation of other unified commands involves the:
A)formation of a partnership with the affected nations.
B)use of military force to create the command.
C)input of foreign officials outside of Africa.
D)splitting of Africa into different sectors managed by separate commands.
48
As claimed in "U.S. Africa Command: A New Strategic Paradigm?," the primary goal in the creation of AFRICOM is the establishment of a U.S. leadership role on the continent.
A)True
B)False
49
According to "Bottom-Up Nation Building," for the purposes of nation building, a society should be seen as a:
A)large group of individual citizens.
B)nation united under a central government.
C)community of communities.
D)geographic locality.
50
As argued in "Bottom-Up Nation Building," one of the greatest insights of U.S. neoconservatives was the recognition that:
A)the design approach to social engineering works.
B)only an outside force can successfully initiate a design drive.
C)U.S. leverage in Afghanistan is more powerful than we imagine.
D)societies tend to be highly resistant to change.
51
As noted in "Bottom-Up Nation Building," in societies where tribal and national loyalties conflict, national loyalties generally win out.
A)True
B)False
52
As reported in "The War We Deserve," the current—and incorrect—narrative about America and the Iraq War is that the:
A)American people are to blame.
B)country has been hijacked by a small group of neoconservatives.
C)United States is winning the war on terror.
D)current situation cannot be remedied.
53
As claimed in "The War We Deserve," since the 9/11 terrorist attacks, Americans have been committed to a political philosophy that demands:
A)sacrifice from the American people.
B)retribution for American losses.
C)ongoing war to protect American interests.
D)much from the government, but little from the people.
54
As defined in "The War We Deserve," neoliberals are conservative Republicans who favor big government and liberal ideas.
A)True
B)False
55
According to "The Evangelical Roots of US Africa Policy," U.S. evangelical Christians have historically been considered to be:
A)staunch isolationists.
B)one of the biggest influences on U.S. domestic and foreign policy.
C)theologically liberal.
D)a powerful voting bloc.
56
As presented in "The Evangelical Roots of US Africa Policy," under the presidency of George W. Bush, evangelicals were a major driving force in U.S. foreign policy related to:
A)anti-communism.
B)Israeli-Palestinian relations.
C)Sudan.
D)the Middle East.
57
As noted in "The Evangelical Roots of US Africa Policy," the majority of evangelical Christians reside in Third World countries.
A)True
B)False
58
According to "Waiting Games," with regard to immigration policy, the U.S. and Mexican governments share the goal of:
A)crafting a Mexico-specific immigration policy for the United States.
B)acknowledging U.S. unilateralism in immigration policies.
C)subscribing to a "policy of no policy."
D)improving management of migration between the two countries.
59
As explained in "Waiting Games," a comprehensive immigration-reform bill recently introduced into the Senate failed in part because Republicans opposed the policy's:
A)amnesty component.
B)expanded temporary-worker program.
C)elimination of certain categories of family admissions.
D)regulations for obtaining green cards.
60
As noted in "Waiting Games," Mexicans currently constitute the largest source of both unauthorized and legal immigration into the United States.
A)True
B)False
61
According to "The Carter Syndrome," on foreign-policy matters, President Barack Obama is being pulled in opposing directions by mixing the political philosophies of:
A)Alexander Hamilton and Woodrow Wilson.
B)Thomas Jefferson and Andrew Jackson.
C)Woodrow Wilson and Thomas Jefferson.
D)Alexander Hamilton and Andrew Jackson.
62
As explained in "The Carter Syndrome," a major reason for President George W. Bush's loss of Jacksonian support at home after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks was his:
A)invasion of Afghanistan and toppling of the Taliban government there.
B)declaration of war on Iraq as a result of Saddam Hussein's alleged possession of weapons of mass destruction.
C)failure to sufficiently respond the threat of al Qaeda and other terrorist organizations.
D)shift to a nation-building and democracy-spreading focus in Iraq.
63
As noted in "The Carter Syndrome," one of the centerpieces of Obama's presidential campaign was a strong opposition to the Iraq war, in keeping with one of his strongest foreign-policy philosophies.
A)True
B)False
64
According to "National War Powers Commission Report," a central problem with the U.S. Constitution regarding the power of waging war is that it:
A)gives the president too much authority for declaring war.
B)gives Congress too much authority for declaring war.
C)allows the judicial branch to intervene in any proposed or implemented armed conflict.
D)is unclear on the extent of the authority of both the president and Congress.
65
As noted in "National War Powers Commission Report," because of the Constitution's problematic language, the debate over going to war has often focused primarily on the:
A)process of going to war.
B)merits of going to war.
C)best way to carry out a war.
D)best way to avoid a war.
66
As stated in "National War Powers Commission Report," a unifying theme that has emerged on both sides of the war-authority debate is the need for greater consultation between the president and Congress with regard to going to war.
A)True
B)False
67
As suggested in "The Homeland Security Hash," one word that could be used to describe the Department of Homeland Security is:
A)efficient.
B)powerful.
C)dysfunctional.
D)simplistic.
68
According to "The Homeland Security Hash," the fundamental problem with the Department of Homeland Security is that it:
A)lacks a unified mission.
B)is not large enough to carry out its mission.
C)does not have a stated purpose for existence.
D)has been given no budget.
69
As claimed in "The Homeland Security Hash," since the formation of the Department of Homeland Security, the majority of presidentially declared disasters have been terrorism related.
A)True
B)False
70
As claimed in "Coming Soon: A Crisis in Civil-Military Relations," the new U.S. president elected in 2008 will inherit a:
A)potential civil-military conflict.
B)well-constructed military plan of action.
C)military problem created by President Clinton.
D)friendly and cooperative U.S. military.
71
As asserted in "Coming Soon: A Crisis in Civil-Military Relations," military leaders are united in their:
A)opinions about the Iraq war.
B)desire for a Republican president.
C)satisfaction with today's military.
D)contempt for today's politicians.
72
As stated in "Coming Soon: A Crisis in Civil-Military Relations," today's elected officials think highly of the current U.S. military.
A)True
B)False
73
As quoted in "Lost for Words: The Intelligence Community's Struggle to Find Its Voice," the Chinese military and intelligence theorist Sun Tzu once said that in battle you will never be in peril if you "know the enemy:
A)and doubt your ally."
B)better than he knows himself."
C)before he knows you."
D)and know yourself."
74
As identified in "Lost for Words: The Intelligence Community's Struggle to Find Its Voice," Sherman Kent is known as the CIA's:
A)biggest nightmare.
B)toughest critic.
C)father of analysis.
D)wizard of public relations.
75
As concluded in "Lost for Words: The Intelligence Community's Struggle to Find Its Voice," it is not always true that "actions speak louder than words"; sometimes the words themselves are what matter most.
A)True
B)False
76
As noted in "Arrested Development: Making Foreign Aid a More Effective Tool," modern foreign aid efforts began with the:
A)Marshall Plan.
B)League of Nations.
C)Monroe Doctrine.
D)Atlantic Charter.
77
As maintained in "Arrested Development: Making Foreign Aid a More Effective Tool," the MCC is one of the most innovative U.S. foreign aid programs, and as such, its board should be chaired by the:
A)secretary of state.
B)head of USAID.
C)vice president.
D)ranking member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.
78
As stated in "Arrested Development: Making Foreign Aid a More Effective Tool," the semi-merger of USAID and the State Department has not worked, even though the missions and personnel requirements of the two organizations are quite similar.
A)True
B)False
79
As claimed in "When Congress Stops Wars," the decisive factor in determining whether lawmakers will oppose or acquiesce in presidential calls for war is:
A)how strong a case for war the president is able to make.
B)whether or not members of Congress agree with going to war.
C)the partisan composition of Congress at the time.
D)how aggressive or intimidating that particular president is able to be.
80
As noted in "When Congress Stops Wars," the increase in Congressional oversight after the 2006 midterm elections was a result of the:
A)Democrats gaining control of Congress.
B)president acting without Congressional approval.
C)Republicans attempting to regain popularity with constituents.
D)administration making decisions in secrecy.
81
As stated in When Congress Stops Wars," overall, Congress has very little power when it comes to dictating the conduct of war.
A)True
B)False
82
Historians chronicling foreign affairs, as explained in "Law, Liberty and War," tend to define their timelines on the basis of:
A)international economic issues.
B)presidential administrations.
C)military conflicts.
D)far-reaching treaties.
83
According to Anne-Marie Slaughter, as presented in "Law, Liberty and War," telling citizens that they live in wartime is good for increasing defense budgets as well as:
A)inspiring a sense of patriotism.
B)expanding presidential power.
C)distracting attention away from domestic problems.
D)consolidating legislative power.
84
As maintained by Jeremy Rabkin in "Law, Liberty and War," the current war has had far less impact on individual civil liberties in the United States than past conflicts.
A)True
B)False
85
As claimed in "Neo-Conservatives, Liberal Hawks, and the War on Terror," the Cold War necessarily affects how the War on Terror is waged because:
A)the Cold War provided many valuable lessons for the United States.
B)nothing much has changed in the U.S. military institutions since the Cold War.
C)Cold War tactics and techniques have never been seriously examined or critiqued.
D)Cold War tactics and techniques are the most effective in existence for fighting an enemy.
86
As noted in "Neo-Conservatives, Liberal Hawks, and the War on Terror," the strategy that ultimately proved most effective during the Cold War was that of:
A)preventive war.
B)rollback.
C)preemptive war.
D)containment.
87
As presented in "Neo-Conservatives, Liberal Hawks, and the War on Terror," the "incompetence dodge" refers to the Bush Administration's excuses for its incompetence in handling the Iraq war.
A)True
B)False
88
According to "Securing the Information Highway," the bedrock of the U.S. public and private infrastructure is:
A)the kill switch.
B)the silicon chip.
C)software.
D)cyberspace.
89
As noted in "Securing the Information Highway," in 1982, a three-kiloton explosion—the detonation was so large it was visible from outer space—tore apart a natural gas pipeline in:
A)Saudi Arabia.
B)Siberia.
C)Malaysia.
D)the Antipodes Islands off Antarctica.
90
As asserted in "Securing the Information Highway," for electronically advanced adversaries, the U.S. IT infrastructure may not be impenetrable, but it is not an easy target.
A)True
B)False
91
As posited in "America's Sticky Power," the fundamental rule guiding U.S. security policy since the early nineteenth century has been to:
A)project U.S. power abroad.
B)maintain the Western Hemisphere free of European or Asian influence.
C)create robust international institutions to maintain global peace.
D)prevent conflict between the major world powers through military deterrence.
92
According to "America's Sticky Power," one the main accomplishments U.S. foreign policy achieved in the twentieth century is the:
A)creation of international institutions to monitor and enforce human rights.
B)development of sound methods for reducing the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction.
C)advancement toward global economic integration and free trade.
D)reduction of poverty and gross disparities in wealth distribution internationally.
93
As posed in "America's Sticky Power," one of the key problems in making the U.S. economy a global "consumer of last resort" is that such a policy stimulates debilitating trade deficits.
A)True
B)False
94
The most immediate example of a country using its oil-production capabilities to act against U.S. interests and undermine its influence in a region, as described in "The New Axis of Oil," can be found in:
A)Venezuela.
B)China.
C)Nigeria.
D)Saudi Arabia.
95
At the center of the increasingly assertive axis of oil, as put forth in "The New Axis of Oil," are Russia and:
A)Iran.
B)India.
C)China.
D)Turkey.
96
It seems likely, as stated in "The New Axis of Oil," that the world has reached the peak point of global oil supplies.
A)True
B)False
97
As claimed in "The Coming Financial Pandemic," the global economy has been unbalanced in recent years due to the:
A)coming recession in the United States.
B)influence of China in the global marketplace.
C)subprime mortgage crisis.
D)spending habits of Americans and America.
98
As presented in "The Coming Financial Pandemic," the pattern of trade in Asia has changed, in that now:
A)China produces and manufactures all goods coming out of Asia.
B)Asian countries are producing components, which are then sent to China to assemble and export.
C)Asians are the world's biggest consumers, and Asian countries are the biggest importers of goods.
D)what happens in the United States no longer affects Asian nations.
99
As noted in "The Coming Financial Pandemic," if America falls into a recession and American consumers stop spending, global buyers will pick up the slack.
A)True
B)False
100
As set forth in "Can Sanctions Stop Proliferation?," analyzing past and current sanctions cases suggests that the effectiveness of international sanctions is contingent on four factors, including all of the following, except the:
A)legitimacy of sanctions through international law or moral standards.
B)impacts of the sanctions on sanction-imposing states.
C)degree of international participation.
D)history of sanctions imposed on a potentially sanctioned state.
101
As clarified in "Can Sanctions Stop Proliferation?," the UN's chief mission is to:
A)resolve international differences.
B)protect state sovereignty.
C)maintain an international code of conduct.
D)assess violations of human rights.
102
As expressed in "Can Sanctions Stop Proliferation?," the DPRK nuclear nightmare has already come true with Pyongyang conducting a nuclear test, exposing sanctions as insufficient.
A)True
B)False
103
To quote "The New Rules of War," it can be said that, "When militaries don't keep up with the pace of change:
A)countries suffer."
B)soldiers become sitting ducks."
C)the balances of world power shift."
D)peace and prosperity are lost."
104
As suggested in "The New Rules of War," perhaps the best example of a many-and-small military that worked against foes of all sizes was:
A)Hitler's Wehrmacht.
B)Washington's Continental Army.
C)the Roman legion.
D)the Japanese Imperial Navy.
105
According to "The New Rules of War," since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, al Qaeda has mounted at least two dozen major stand-alone strikes.
A)True
B)False
106
According to "Space Wars: Coming to the Sky Near You?," apart from jamming radio communications or attacking ground-control stations, probably the simplest way to disable a satellite is to launch a missile-borne payload and:
A)upset the target's orbital balance.
B)orient it in opposition to the target's magnetic field.
C)wait for it to self-detonate.
D)crash it into an orbital target.
107
As expressed in "Space Wars: Coming to the Sky Near You?," Arizona Senator Jon Kyl's advocacy of anti-satellite weapons to counter Chinese capabilities puts him in the class of Conservative:
A)Space Warriors.
B)Sinophobes.
C)China Hawks.
D)Gun-Jumpers.
108
As suggested in "Space Wars: Coming to the Sky Near You?," developing advanced anti-satellite weapons is controversial, but it probably will not trigger a new international arms race.
A)True
B)False
109
According to "Preemption Paradox," the result of powerful nations' reluctance to carry out preemptive strikes against nuclear proliferators has resulted in:
A)a halt in nuclear weapons development among smaller, weaker countries.
B)reasonable negotiations and agreements between countries with regard to nuclear weapons development.
C)a proliferation in nuclear weapons development among countries that could have been stopped.
D)major nuclear battles among many different countries.
110
As profiled in "Preemption Paradox," the first instance of nuclear preemption was the:
A)current U.S. war in Iraq.
B)World War II Allied attack on German-occupied Norway's hydrogen-electrolysis plant.
C)Cold War between the United States and Russia.
D)Israeli attack on Iraq's nuclear reactor complex.
111
As noted in "Preemption Paradox," historically, the U.S. reluctance to launch preemptive strikes against threatening nations has involved America's self-image.
A)True
B)False
112
As claimed in "New Challenges and Old Concepts," when the American military was forced to re-learn counterinsurgency strategies in light of the terrorist attacks in the United States, it:
A)completely overhauled military techniques for this new, modern enemy.
B)successfully applied the techniques learned in the Vietnam conflict.
C)resorted to old techniques used against classic insurgencies.
D)relied on the methods of other countries that were skilled in modern counterinsurgency.
113
As claimed in "New Challenges and Old Concepts," contemporary insurgencies can be likened to the:
A)Vietnam syndrome.
B)Fidel Castro or Ho Chi Minh conquests.
C)El Salvador model.
D)competitive marketplace.
114
As asserted in "New Challenges and Old Concepts," political grievances are the motivators that create and maintain today's long-term insurgencies.
A)True
B)False
115
As maintained in "Nuclear Disorder: Surveying Atomic Threats," the current global nuclear order is extremely fragile, and the three most urgent challenges to it include all of the following, except:
A)Pakistan.
B)North Korea.
C)Afghanistan.
D)Iran.
116
As mentioned in "Nuclear Disorder: Surveying Atomic Threats," the country that retains the stockpile of 30 bombs' worth of highly enriched uranium that was once part of its nuclear program is:
A)Kuwait.
B)South Africa.
C)Cuba.
D)Israel.
117
As stated in "Nuclear Disorder: Surveying Atomic Threats," even if Iran conducts a nuclear weapons test sometime in the next several years, it is unlikely that over the decade that follows, that there will be other new nuclear weapons states in the Middle East.
A)True
B)False
118
As maintained in "Nuclear Abolition: A Reverie," most proponents of zero nuclear weapons:
A)ignore important facts.
B)live in "relatively safe" countries.
C)are too intimidated to say so.
D)have little or no political influence.
119
As assessed in "Nuclear Abolition: A Reverie," although we have no experience building a world government, a potential model for success does exist—namely the:
A)European Union.
B)United Arab Emirates.
C)United Nations.
D)International Monetary Fund.
120
As characterized in "Nuclear Abolition: A Reverie," more than 60 years ago, Dean Acheson was a woolly-eyed disarmer.
A)True
B)False
121
As noted in "Low-Cost Nuclear Arms Races," the 1950s and early 1960s marked the most active period in the Cold War nuclear-arms race, especially in terms of:
A)U.S. production.
B)Soviet production.
C)espionage.
D)propaganda.
122
According to "Low-Cost Nuclear Arms Races," Britain, in terms of nuclear deterrence, currently relies solely on its:
A)submarine fleet.
B)nuclear-bomber fleet.
C)land-based platforms.
D)alliance with the United States.
123
As observed in "Low-Cost Nuclear Arms Races," although Iranian nuclear capability may be looming on the horizon, it is unlikely that Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey will be among those also to develop nuclear weapons.
A)True
B)False
124
As cited in "Lifting the Veil: Understanding the Roots of Islamic Militancy," public opinion polls in the Islamic world indicate that Muslim hostility toward the United States is:
A)a myth, since most Muslims view the United States very favorably.
B)primarily the result of U.S. policies in the Arab world.
C)almost entirely a matter of cultural and religious differences.
D)the result of propaganda by Arab leaders eager to distract their subjects from their own excesses.
125
As explained in "Lifting the Veil: Understanding the Roots of Islamic Militancy," the issue that arouses the most hostility in the Middle East toward the United States is the:
A)1999 war in Kosovo.
B)2003 invasion of Iraq.
C)Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
D)1991 Gulf War.
126
As stated in "Lifting the Veil: Understanding the Roots of Islamic Militancy," the Bush Administration's war on terror has had very little effect on Muslim views of the United States.
A)True
B)False
127
As stated in "How We'll Know When We've Won: A Definition of Success in Iraq," the most obvious indicator of instability, and the easiest to measure, is:
A)illiteracy.
B)poverty.
C)suppressed communication.
D)violence.
128
As reported in "How We'll Know When We've Won: A Definition of Success in Iraq," Iraqi and coalition operations are underway to drive al Qaeda out of its last urban bastion in:
A)Mosul.
B)Basra.
C)Baghdad.
D)Sadr City.
129
As assessed in "How We'll Know When We've Won: A Definition of Success in Iraq," the fall in violence in Iraq unfortunately does not reflect success.
A)True
B)False
130
As set forth in "Is It Worth It?: The Difficult Case for War in Afghanistan," the Obama Administration is committed to reforming a corrupt government in Kabul that the Bush Administration:
A)mostly accepted.
B)largely dismissed.
C)tried repeatedly to reform.
D)wholeheartedly supported.
131
As characterized in "Is It Worth It?: The Difficult Case for War in Afghanistan," Pakistan is:
A)technologically primitive.
B)landlocked.
C)an oil-rich Arab state.
D)a nuclear power.
132
As contended in "Is It Worth It?: The Difficult Case for War in Afghanistan," failure in Afghanistan would make the problem in Pakistan much more difficult.
A)True
B)False
133
As characterized in "Afghanistan: Graveyard of Good Intention," until now, Afghanistan has been the West's so-called:
A)good war.
B)PR stunt.
C)mystery mission.
D)black hole.
134
As expressed in "Afghanistan: Graveyard of Good Intention," the author is concerned that the Obama Administration has made only a half-hearted gesture toward a new strategy for Afghanistan and that Washington seems to be at risk of sinking into a new quagmire, as potentially devastating as:
A)Watergate.
B)the Cold War.
C)the Holocaust.
D)Vietnam.
135
As maintained in "Afghanistan: Graveyard of Good Intention," in the immediate aftermath of the invasion and rousting of the Taliban, the George W. Bush Administration abused the trust of the Afghan people by using the first, halting steps of the new society for its own purposes, mainly to bolster the legitimacy of Bush's 2004 reelection campaign.
A)True
B)False
136
As set forth in "Cracks in the Jihad," one of the organizational niches into which the holy war is slipping is terrorism-cum–organized crime, fueled by narcotics, extortion, and other ordinarily illicit activities, and most visible in Afghanistan and:
A)Iran.
B)Saudi Arabia.
C)Israel.
D)Indonesia.
137
As quoted in "Cracks in the Jihad," when jihadi leader Abd el-Kader warned his Western enemies, "Get ready for all Muslims to join the holy war against you," the year was:
A)1256.
B)1616.
C)1839.
D)2001.
138
As maintained in "Cracks in the Jihad," for radical Islamists in Europe, the local jihad does not exist.
A)True
B)False
139
As set forth in "Exit Lessons," the debate over exit strategies originated in America's painful experience during the:
A)Iranian hostage crisis.
B)Civil War.
C)height of the Cold War.
D)Vietnam War.
140
As expressed in "Exit Lessons," face-saving agreements are rarely:
A)strategic.
B)all bad.
C)proposed.
D)credible.
141
As maintained in "Exit Lessons," there is no such thing as a failed intervention capped by a successful exit strategy.
A)True
B)False





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