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Practice Quiz
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1
As detailed in "The Awful Truth About Archaeology," at a pithouse excavation on a Hopi reservation, the author discovered
A)golden idol.
B)series of small walls.
C)tribal burial chamber.
D)set of ancient handprints.
2
As described in "The Awful Truth About Archaeology," archaeology is actually exciting because it:
A)is very dangerous.
B)connects with the past.
C)involves battling the elements.
D)is very lucrative.
3
The author of "The Awful Truth About Archaeology" hypothesizes that Lara Croft would deal differently with the Hopi excavation site than she would by:
A)tearing through it looking for undamaged valuables.
B)ignoring it, considering it a big pile of rubble.
C)carefully cataloging all of the broken pottery.
D)securing a government grant to study the site.
4
As explained in "The Awful Truth About Archaeology," archaeology is primarily studied in labs and offices and requires little actual work on excavation sites.
A)True
B)False
5
As pointed out in "The Awful Truth About Archaeology," if the fictional Sydney Fox, Relic Hunter, were a real archaeologist, she would have to spend months on paperwork before ever going out to an excavation site.
A)True
B)False
6
According to "All the King's Sons," Egyptology is a difficult profession to break into because:
A)American colleges do not offer in-depth courses in Egyptology.
B)the ancient Egyptians hieroglyphics are nearly impossible to decipher.
C)there are so few jobs available.
D)the Egyptian government does not allow foreigners to work in Egypt.
7
The gravest danger of all to the condition of the tombs, as noted in "All the King's Sons," comes from:
A)rapid changes in temperature and humidity.
B)burning torches.
C)the opening to outside air.
D)flooding.
8
Ramesses' rule, as stated in "All the King's Sons," represented the culmination of:
A)the return to tradition.
B)a cultural revolution.
C)the period of innovation.
D)an era of warfare.
9
Most of the tombs in the Valley of the Kings, as claimed in "All the King's Sons," were never finished.
A)True
B)False
10
Ramesses' monuments, as suggested in "All the King's Sons," were notable for their monstrous size, not their architectural brillance.
A)True
B)False
11
The ancient city of El Mirador
A)did not have an agricultural base and so must have gotten its food from other conquered cities.
B)was of the preclassic Maya period and therefore had no writing.
C)was once home to an estimated 200,000 people.
D)all of the above
12
Archaeologist Richard Hansen
A)has had death threats from irate loggers.
B)survived a plane crash that nearly killed him and his family.
C)has had to go into personal debt to fund his research and conservation work.
D)all of the above
13
El Mirador obviously belongs to the classic Maya period with its monumental architecture and writing system.
A)True
B)False
14
As noted in "Maya Archaeologists Turn to the Living to Help Save the Dead," the movement to boost the quality of life of local people in order to preserve the relics of their ancestors is called
A)ancestor retrieval.
B)community archaeology.
C)giving history a hand.
D)native archaeology.
15
Mayan archaeological sites are being destroyed by
A)looting
B)logging
C)oil exploration
D)all of the above
16
As explained in "Maya Archaeologists Turn to the Living to Help Save the Dead," the development plan that archaeologist Arthur Demarest had for a region in Guatemala failed because
A)Guatemala's government refused to fund the plan.
B)local people refused to participate.
C)the government brought in outsiders to implement the plan.
D)there was no provision for training workers.
17
According to "Maya Archaeologists Turn to the Living to Help Save the Dead," poverty often prevents local people from attending to ancient remains in a responsible fashion.
A)True
B)False
18
According to Richard Hansen, former looters make good guards of archaeological heritage sites.
A)True
B)False
19
Generally speaking, traditional funders of archaeological research are interested in community development as well as the "intellectual merit" of a project.
A)True
B)False
20
As noted in "Distinguished Lecture in Archaeology: Communication and the Future of American Archaeology," an important change that needs to be made in the discipline of archaeology is:
A)purging it of less scholarly writers.
B)distancing it from works written for general audiences.
C)eliminating peer review.
D)improving communication with the general public.
21
According to "Distinguished Lecture in Archaeology: Communication and the Future of American Archaeology," the communications gap in archaeology widened as:
A)more amateurs became involved.
B)amateur archaeologists published inaccurate information.
C)academic archaeology emerged.
D)archaeology was universally viewed as a suspect discipline.
22
A conclusion about the professionalization of archaeology reached in "Distinguished Lecture in Archaeology: Communication and the Future of American Archaeology" is that it:
A)has had little effect on the discipline.
B)obstructs the development of new methods.
C)improves the readability of archaeology writing for the general public.
D)enables archaeologists to make useful statements that should have broad appeal.
23
As discussed in "Distinguished Lecture in Archaeology: Communication and the Future of American Archaeology," solutions to the problem of communication include:
A)ostracism of archaeology popularizers.
B)lowered visibility of archaeology writing.
C)division of the discipline between scientific and general writers.
D)changing the academic evaluation-and-reward system for archaeologists.
24
As stated in "Distinguished Lecture in Archaeology: Communication and the Future of American Archaeology," modern archaeology journals are easily understood by amateur archaeologists.
A)True
B)False
25
As noted in "Prehistory of Warfare," scholars assume that a normal part of human culture was:
A)technology.
B)religion.
C)politics.
D)warfare.
26
According to "Prehistory of Warfare," those that had the most intense warfare of any type of society were:
A)nomadic tribes.
B)forager bands.
C)tribally organized farmers.
D)acorn gatherers.
27
As stated in "Prehistory of Warfare," peoples who are noted for being peaceful include all of the following except the:
A)Mayas of Mexico.
B)Gebusi of lowland New Guinea.
C)African !Kung Bushmen.
D)Mbuti Pygmies of central Africa.
28
As reported in "Prehistory of Warfare," virtually all the basic textbooks on archaeology ignore the prevalence or significance of past warfare.
A)True
B)False
29
As suggested in "Prehistory of Warfare," when people no longer have resource stress, they stop fighting.
A)True
B)False
30
The raiding of other villages seems to be consistent with the development of
A)hunting and gathering as way of food-getting.
B)segmentary social systems.
C)centralized authority in the form of the state.
D)writing.
31
In Oaxaca, there is no evidence of violence during the
A)Archaic period of hunting and gathering.
B)Tierras Largas phase involving village life.
C)Rosario phase, in which there is evidence of chiefly centers.
D)Monte Alban period.
32
According to R.C. Kelley, raiding of other villages often begins in the richest environments, where societies can afford to have enemies for neighbors.
A)True
B)False
33
Which of the following is true of Kennewick Man?
A)his remains were fossilized so that it will be impossible to determine anything about his diet
B)he was deliberately buried and was recently washed out into the open by erosion of the river bank
C)scavengers had ravaged his body
D)the Army Corps of Engineers did its best to help archeologists recover any artifacts that might have been buried with him
34
When James Chatters and Doug Owsley refer to Kennewick Man's "Caucasoid-like" features, they have in mind
A)contemporary Europeans
B)Siberian or Northeast Asian populations
C)Polynesisans or the Ainu of Japan
D)Mediterranean peoples
35
According to "Who Were the First Americans?", Kennewick Man suffered from crippling arthritis.
A)True
B)False
36
As stated in "Who Were the First Americans?", the land where Kennewick Man was recovered belongs to the Nez Perce Tribe and was thus returned to them.
A)True
B)False
37
According to the author, which of the following is Cahokia not on a par with?
A)The ancient pueblos of New Mexico's Chaco Canyon.
B)The Great Wall of China.
C)The Egyptian pyramids.
D)The Taj Mahal
38
Based on what has been so far at Cahokia, which of the following is the least disputed conclusion?
A)There was some sort of social hierarchy.
B)It was a peaceful, egalitarian and matriarchal society.
C)There was a writing system.
D)It failed because of such things as disease, deforestation and soil erosion.
39
Cahokia has not lured many archaeologists to want to dig there because it
A)is not easily accessible transportation-wise.
B)as a pyramid which is small by world-wide standards.
C)was constructed of primarily perishable materials.
D)does not seem to have been an important trade or religious center.
40
As a World Heritage Site, Cahokia and its surrounding area of influence are well-protected from developers.
A)True
B)False
41
The "Mississippian tradition" involved
A)hunting and gathering as the predominant economic activity.
B)a population density of under 5 per square mile.
C)mound-building.
D)seasonal occupation of a given campsite.
42
Of primary interest to the authors of "Disease and Death at Dr. Dickson's Mound is
A)how population increase brought about the agricultural revolution.
B)how the agricultural revolution brought about population increase..
C)how much manual labor might have been involved in mound-building.
D)the effects of the agricultural revolution on the health of the people.
43
"Parry fractures" of the ulna and radius evident at Dickson Mound during the Mississippian period are likely the result of
A)attempts to ward of blows
B)heavy lifting associated with mound-building
C)stoop labor associated with farming.
D)rapid arm movement associated with bow-and-arrow hunting or spear-throwing.
44
Arthritis at Dickson seems to be the result of
A)population pressure.
B)the taxing work of agricultural production.
C)nutritional deficiencies.
D)early childhood weaning.
45
At Dickson, individuals whose skeletons showed more signs of stress and disease also lived shorter lives.
A)True
B)False
46
As presented in "A Coprological View of Ancestral Pueblo Cannibalism," the diet of the Ancestral Pueblo was
A)dependent on fish.
B)primarily meat from large animals.
C)largely vegetarian.
D)definitely included other humans.
47
As concluded by the author of "A Coprological View of Ancestral Pueblo Cannibalism," the Ancestral Pueblo
A)were very well adapted to the environment.
B)had to follow the buffalo herds in order to survive.
C)could not adapt to drought.
D)lourished after the Navajo taught them farming techniques.
48
As given in "A Coprological View of Ancestral Pueblo Cannibalism," complete caloric dependence on cultivated plants, as took place in the Andes, was simply impossible for the Ancestral Pueblo.
A)True
B)False
49
According to "New Women of the Ice Age," the evidence collected at Dolni Vestonice supports the conclusion that
A)Ice Age hunters lived in all-male enclaves most of the time.
B)women were treated only as sexual objects during the Ice Age.
C)communal hunting was a likely part of Ice Age culture.
D)women were hunters of large game along with men in the Ice Age.
50
Evidence reported in "New Women of the Ice Age," shows the collection of plants for food and domestic uses
A)did not occur in Upper Paleolithic cultures.
B)was largely done for ritual purposes.
C)was done only in times of dire need.
D)was largely considered women's work in Upper Paleolithic cultures.
51
As noted in "New Women of the Ice Age," most of the meat at Dolni Vestonice was stored for future need.
A)True
B)False
52
As reported in "New Women of the Ice Age," Upper Paleolithic cultures relied on slain mammoths for food.
A)True
B)False
53
As pointed out in "Woman The Toolmaker," Konso hide workers and other artisans are:
A)held in high regard in the community.
B)active in the political and judicial life of the community.
C)considered useless because no one needs their products.
D)regarded as polluted by the more powerful farmer class.
54
As explained in "Woman The Toolmaker," when Sokate's scraping tool becomes dull, she:
A)sharpens it, as long as there is enough left to sharpen.
B)continues to use it because she does not know how to make new ones.
C)throws it away in the communal trash pile.
D)uses one of her iron tools instead.
55
As noted in "Woman The Toolmaker," the Konso hide makers are probably the only women in the world still making stone tools on a regular basis.
A)True
B)False
56
According to "Yes, Wonderful Things," studying garbage:
A)is not genuine archaeology.
B)is too expensive to be worth the gains.
C)provides an immediate historical reconstruction of a culture.
D)is probably just a passing fad.
57
Landfills, according to "Yes, Wonderful Things," are of value to archaeologists because they provide:
A)easily accessible and inexpensive training sites for budding archaeologists.
B)valuable insights into our own society.
C)relatively easy access to pre-Columbian Indian middens.
D)sites whose value is easily understandable to people with the financial resources to fund archaeological research.
58
Accordng to "Yes, Wonderful Things," if you want to know what a person has consumed, you will get more accurate information from
A)a garbologist.
B)family member.
C)the person's grocer.
D)the person himself.
59
The creation of garbage, according to "Yes, Wonderful Things," is an unequivocal sign of a human presence.
A)True
B)False
60
Only recently, as pointed out in "Yes, Wonderful Things," has sifting through garbage--ancient or otherwise--become a profession.
A)True
B)False
61
The author of "Bushmen" reports that the !Kung people:
A)live much the same as they have for hundreds of years.
B)are materialistic by nature.
C)have seen a whole way of life disappear.
D)reject personal or family privacy.
62
Fundamental to !Kung Bushmen values, as noted in "Bushmen," is:
A)privacy.
B)sharing.
C)accumulation of material goods.
D)the Dobe Base.
63
While living in the Kalahari, the author of "Bushmen" found that the !Kung Bushmen often lost their way in the desert.
A)True
B)False
64
In one of history's worst acts of cultural vandalism, as maintained in "The Maya Collapses," the Spanish bishop Diego de Landa undertook to:
A)destroy the Mayan's faith in their kings as god-like figures.
B)burn all Mayan manuscripts.
C)dismantle as many Mayan temples as possible.
D)convince the Mayan to grow crops suitable for foreign markets.
65
According to "The Maya Collapses," among the conditions notable for leading to the collapse of a society, the only one not observed among the Maya was:
A)damage to the environment.
B)climate changes.
C)hostilities within the culture.
D)cessation of trade with external societies.
66
The modest productivity of Maya agriculture, as put forth in "The Maya Collapses," greatly restricted their ability to:
A)provide for a large elite class.
B)undertake military campaigns.
C)devote time to activities apart from farming.
D)trade with neighbors.
67
The Classic period of Maya civilization, as presented in "The Maya Collapses," is marked by the emergence of:
A)kings and dynasties.
B)large-scale pottery production.
C)the creation of complex building structures.
D)a written language.
68
Much of the preserved Maya writing on stone and pottery, as mentioned in "The Maya Collapses," explains the daily lives of the common people.
A)True
B)False
69
In general, until recently, Mayan sites have been difficult to study because
A)so many of them are almost impossible to see.
B)mapping them has been expensive.
C)mapping them has been labor-intensive.
D)all of the above.
70
With respect to the Maya, there has been little agreement among archaeologists as to
A)how big in area some Maya cities were.
B)how many people lived in Maya cities.
C)how intensively the Maya modified their landscape.
D)all of the above.
71
In spite of the laser-sensing technology now in use at Caracol, traditional mapping and excavation are still necessary for information about how buildings were used and for the dating of sites.
A)True
B)False
72
Which of the following was a rubber product produced by Mesoamericans?
A)glue.
B)gloves
C)raincoats.
D)wheels.
73
Which of the following Maya rubber products has not actually been found in the archaeological record?
A)balls.
B)sandals.
C)statues.
D)adhesives.
74
Rubber is a latex material produced from a variety of
A)tree saps.
B)petroleum by-products.
C)animal fats.
D)honeycombs.
75
According to Andrew Grant ("How Climate Shaped Humanity," environmental changes have influenced humans with respect to
A)what food could be cultivated.
B)what kind of clothing and shelters were required.
C)what goods were produced.
D)all of the above
76
Members of the genus Homo began making stone tools after
A)their brains became enlarged to present-day size
B)they left Africa.
C)a dramatic shift toward drier conditions.
D)large game animals in Africa became extinct.
77
Scientists are able to tell how hot it got during an individual summer 370 million years ago.
A)True
B)False
78
As discussed in "Profile of an Anthropologist: No Bone Unturned," Clyde Snow's specialty is
A)grouping fossils according to geographic origin.
B)locating fossil remains.
C)identifying skeletons.
D)assembling skeletal remains for display.
79
Clyde Snow, according to "Profile of an Anthropologist: No Bone Unturned," can determine a skeleton's sex by checking all of the following except the
A)length of the finger bones.
B)prominence of the brow ridge.
C)pelvis.
D)size of the mastoid processes.
80
In the human skull, as maintained in "Profile of an Anthropologist: No Bone Unturned," the cranial sutures, which join the bones of the brain case, begin to fuse and disappear in
A)infancy.
B)preteen years.
C)the mid-twenties.
D)middle age.
81
The methods of physical anthropology, as claimed in "Profile of an Anthropologist: No Bone Unturned," can be directly applied to contemporary human problems.
A)True
B)False
82
As stated in "Twilight of the Neanderthals," what are thought to have been the last of the Neanderthals lived in the area now known as
A)Alsace.
B)Denmark.
C)Sicily.
D)Gibraltar.
83
According to Clive Finlayson (cited in "Twilight of the Neanderthals"), the Neanderthals probably died out because
A)it became too warm.
B)it became too cold.
C)they were unable to adjust to the great fluctuations of climatic conditions.
D)there were not enough animals left to hunt.
84
As given in "Twilight of the Neanderthals," the best summary of the relationship between modern humans and Neanderthals is to say that
A)modern humans evolved from Neanderthals.
B)Neanderthals and modern humans interbred extensively.
C)Neanderthals died out long before modern humans emigrated to Europe.
D)Neanderthals and humans coexisted for 15,000 years before Neanderthals died out.
85
As stated in" Twilight of the Neanderthals," of all the hominids, Neanderthals were our closest relatives.
A)True
B)False
86
As a student collecting data on fossil hominid skulls in various countries of Europe, Chris Stringer was seeking to test the
A)"multiregional" theory.
B)the "out-of-Africa" hypothesis.
C)the "leaky replacement" theory.
D)The notion of a mitochondrial Eve.
87
According to mitochondrial DNA evidence, more than 90% of modern human ancestry is
A)European.
B)Asian.
C)African.
D)Australian.
88
According to Christ Stringer, Africa is a likely place for modern human characteristics, such as intellect and language ability, to develop because of the uniformity of its environmental circumstances.
A)True
B)False
89
With respect to the "replacement model" vs. the "multiregional model" for the origins of modern humans, new DNA analyses indicate that
A)archaic and modern humans did not breed together at all.
B)archaic and modern humans bred together at a low level of admixture.
C)archaic and modern humans bred together extensively.
D)any conclusions are still unwarranted.
90
The most genetically diverse people in the world are
A)Africans.
B)Europeans.
C)Asians.
D)Australian Aborigines.
91
Neanderthal (or "archaic Homo sapiens) DNA has been found in Europe, but nowhere else in the world.
A)True
B)False
92
According to John J. Shea ("Refuting a Myth About Human Origins"), changes in human tool technology from the time of archaic Homo sapiens to that of modern Homo sapiens is the result of changes in
A)intellectual ability.
B)human anatomy.
C)adaptive strategies.
D)all of the above.
93
Which of the following is true?
A)humans did not migrate out of Africa and into Asia and Australia until they had all acquired Upper Paleolithic tools.
B)the cranial anatomy of the migrants to Asia and Australia is identical to that of their African forebears.
C)early Homo sapiens in Africa exhibit many of the many of the behaviors seen in the European Upper Paleolithic such as intensive fishing and the use of complex projectile weapons.
D)all of the above.
94
The simplest way to obtain a cutting edge from a stone is the
A)pebble-core reduction method.
B)Levallois technique.
C)prismatic-blade core technology.
D)geometric microlith technology.
95
The way to make versatile and efficiently transportable stone tools in a period of hypervariable climate is by using the
A)geometric microlith technique.
B)prismatic-blade core method.
C)Levallois technology.
D)large, bifacial core.
96
The differences in tool technology between the Neandethals and modern Homo sapiens is due to the "language gene."
A)True
B)False
97
Paleolithic rock art consists of
A)open air sites with natural sunlight
B)deep cave sites in which artificial light was necessary
C)shelters with rock overhangs in which natural light was available.
D)all of the above
98
The most preferred animal represented in Paleolithic cave art was the
A)horse.
B)bird.
C)fish.
D)snake.
99
In camparison to animals, human representations in Upper Paleolithic cave art were
A)less naturalistic.
B)more often incomplete.
C)less common overall.
D)all of the above.
100
According to Jean Clottes, the most respected art in Paleolithic times was that which adorned the walls of the shelters where people actually lived.
A)True
B)False
101
Now that chronological dating of Upper Paleolithic cave art has become a reality, it is obvious that it was just as sophisticated 30,000 years ago as it was 15,000 years ago.
A)True
B)False
102
As given in "Children of Prehistory," children's activities at Stone Age sites
A)are difficult to distinguish from adult activities.
B)have generally been ignored by archaeologists.
C)have long been a major focus of archaeologists.
D)were directed at finding food.
103
As maintained in "Children of Prehistory," in ancient populations, youngsters
A)made up a hefty proportion.
B)were treated like adults.
C)were a small percentage because of high infant-mortality rates.
D)were primarily boys by a wide margin.
104
As shown in "Children of Prehistory," finger fluting designs have been found only in Western European caves.
A)True
B)False
105
Genevieve von Petzinger believes she has found symbolic meaning in French caves where
A)only part of an animal is portrayed, such as the tusk of a mammoth.
B)complex designs appear in many different places.
C)Certain signs appear repeatedly in pairs.
D)all of the above.
106
According to von Petzinger, the most prolific sign, occurring in 70% Of the sites she studied turned out to be the
A)line.
B)spiral.
C)open angle.
D)dot.
107
According to von Petzinger, most of the cave signs that represent a cultural revolution originated in caves of cold northern France.
A)True
B)False
108
Considering the fact that Homo floresiensis existed as recently as 18,000 years ago, it was startling to find such a
A)small brain.
B)long, oddly shaped foot.
C)collection of primitive tools
D)combination of all of the above
109
Skeptics who do not believe that the finds being called Homo floresiensis actually constitute a new species of hominin have proposed that it is
A)the result of the "island effect."
B)a case of a congenital or genetic condition that simply affects individuals, not species.
C)a fraud being perpetrated on the scientific community, no different than the Piltdown case.
D)an honest mistake of assembling the bones into a skeleton improperly, similar to Marcel Boule's reconstruction of the Neanderthal skeleton from La Chappel aux Saints.
110
The tools of Homo floresiensis bear a striking resemblance of those of
A)the Neanderthals.
B)Homo erectus.
C)modern Homo sapiens of the Upper Paleolithic era.
D)Homo habilis.
111
Which of the following is true about the Egyptian Sphinx?
A)It was assembled piece by piece.
B)It was carved from a single piece of limestone.
C)It was given the name "Sphinx" by its builder, the Pharaoh Khafre.
D)Hieroglyphic records refer to it as the "sun god."
112
In the view of archaeologist, Mark Lehner, the Sphinx stood as an image of
A)Khafre, the dead king.
B)the god incarnated as the living ruler.
C)the guardian of the underworld and Giza tombs.
D)all of the above.
113
Evidence from the cemetery and nearby housing from the time of the Pharaoh Khafre indicates that the actual builders of the Sphinx were slaves.
A)True
B)False
114
As recounted in "Artful Surgery," the significance of the discovery in Greece of a woman with a head wound that had been treated exactly as Hippocrates advised is that
A)women were supposedly never treated by physicians.
B)it provides evidence that women fought as soldiers.
C)the wound had never healed.
D)she was treated two centuries before Hippocrates lived.
115
As surmised in "Artful Surgery," the wounded woman was injured by
A)a missile from a sling.
B)an axe blow.
C)an arrow.
D)a spear.
116
As noted in "Artful Surgery," ancient Greek sources offer a wealth of material in tracing the development of medicine before Hippocrates.
A)True
B)False
117
The emperor Tiberius
A)preferred the imperial palace in Rome to country life.
B)had a reputation for being one of the most benevolent of the emperors.
C)had a villa on the island of Capri which is to this day a major tourist destination.
D)all of the above.
118
The emperor Diocletian is noted for
A)his tireless persecution of Christians.
B)being the only Roman emperor to resign rather than die in office.
C)dividing the Roman empire into eastern and western halves.
D)all of the above.
119
Hadrian's villa is best described as subdued and lacking in originality.
A)True
B)False
120
According to Richard Miles, the total destruction of Carthage by Rome had to do primarily with a desire to
A)confiscate its property.
B)acquire its resources.
C)enslave its people.
D)destroy its history.
121
Which of the following is true regarding the original settlement of Carthage?
A)It began as a trading post rather than as a colony.
B)It was part of a Greek expansion into the Western Mediterranean.
C)It was settled by Phoenicians, probably from Tyre in what is now southern Lebanon.
D)It was originally established for its agricultural potential.
122
Imperialistic aspirations began in Carthage in connection with its trade relationship in
A)Spain.
B)Sicily.
C)Italy.
D)Greece.
123
Our understanding of the Inca past is dependent largely upon
A)hieroglyphic records.
B)portraits of their rulers.
C)the ruins of their cities
D)none of the above
124
The Inca king, Pachacutec, decided that he would have to take control of the Titicaca Basin for its
A)rich and desirable land.
B)gold and silver in the surrounding mountains
C)herds of alpacas and llamas fattened in its lush meadows.
D)all of the above
125
According to archaeologist Brian Bauer, the Inca Empire began with a brilliant, young Andean Alexander the Great named Pachacutec who became the first Inca king in the early 1400s, transforming a small collection of mud huts into a mighty empire in just one generation.
A)True
B)False
126
As reported in "Living Through the Donner Party," a study of the Donner Party reveals that:
A)there was little predictability in the behavior of the people.
B)normal human values were entirely set aside.
C)there were reasons why some survived and some did not.
D)the facts of the case were not consistent with the stories told by survivors.
127
Which of the following people, as examined in "Living Through the Donner Party," were least likely to die during the Donner Party?
A)the very young
B)the very old
C)men
D)women
128
In society in general, which of the following people have the lower death rate?
A)married.
B)single.
C)widowed.
D)divorced.
129
According to Jared Diamond, socially isolated individuals have well over twice the death rate of socially connected people.
A)True
B)False
130
According to "Earth Movers," terra preta is a soil with a high concentration of both organic material and
A)oxygen.
B)nitrogen.
C)carbon.
D)magnesium.
131
Betty J. Meggers, one of the most influential archaeologists of Amazonia during the mid-twentieth century, as explained in "Earth Movers," put forth the view that populations residing in the Amazon jungle region used population-control methods such as
A)primitive birth control.
B)abandonment of elders.
C)abortion.
D)infanticide.
132
Until recently, as described in "Earth Movers," the South American rain forest was viewed as an area whose inhospitable environment precluded the development of complex, populous societies.
A)True
B)False
133
Archaeologist Michael J. Heckenberger has excavated a network of towns, villages and roads in the Amazon that once supported a population of how many times its present size?
A)2
B)10
C)20
D)100
134
Anthropologists have often viewed the forest environment of the Amazon as inimical to agriculture because of the
A)lack of sun penetration through the canopy of tall trees.
B)soil's poor fertility.
C)all too frequent flooding of the land by torrential rains.
D)Lack of draft animals and plows on the part of the indigenous People.
135
As a general rule, it is very difficult to link archaeological evidence to the present-day customs of indigenous people in the Amazon because the people living there today are not descendants of the people who used to live there.
A)True
B)False
136
According to "The Past as Propaganda," the Nazi era saw archaeologists distorting history:
A)because of their widespread incompetence.
B)to prove that religion was all a myth.
C)to justify racist goals.
D)to make the Russians look bad.
137
Which of the following positions was part of the Nazi doctrine regarding archaeology?
A)The ancient Greeks were actually German.
B)Roman archaeology was anti-German.
C)Archaeological evidence proved that Poland and Czechoslovakia were originally German territory.
D)All of the above
138
The concept defined as the identification of ethnic regions on the basis of excavated material culture, as noted in "The Past as Propaganda," was
A)Kulturkreis.
B)Third Reich.
C)Amt Rosenberg.
D)Lebensraum.
139
Nazi Party prehistorians, as explained in "The Past as Propaganda," drastically distorted the facts gathered from archaeological sites.
A)True
B)False
140
Climate change is destroying archaeological sites by means of
A)rising sea levels.
B)increased rainfall.
C)melting ice
D)all of the above
141
According to the International Panel on Climate Change, over the past century
A)the world's temperature has dropped by 2 degrees
B)sea levels have dropped by four inches.
C)weather patterns have gotten more predictable and less extreme
D)ice caps are growing.
142
Because of desertification in Sudan, the uncovering and reconstruction of the collapsed walls of Temple of the Lion God by a Humbold University mission was a mistake.
A)True
B)False





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