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1
As reported in "New Calculator Factors Chances for Very Premature Infants," the extremely premature infants discussed here weigh less than 2.2 pounds, having been born after only 22-25 weeks of pregnancy, and in the United States each year the number of births that fall into this category is about:
A)12,500.
B)25,000.
C)40,000.
D)1 million.
2
As noted in "New Calculator Factors Chances for Very Premature Infants," current decisions about using respirators, intravenous feeding, and other forms of intensive care are mostly based on:
A)parental wishes.
B)availability of equipment.
C)ethical or religious considerations.
D)estimates of the baby's gestational age.
3
According to "New Calculator Factors Chances for Very Premature Infants," research has shown that, in an age range where one week is a highly significant factor for survival, a girl at 23 weeks could be as strong as a boy at 24 weeks.
A)True
B)False
4
As reported in "Genes in Context," the 1958 Cooper and Zubek study found that:
A)a genetically derived characteristic appears independent of environment.
B)genetically enhanced animals were unaffected by an impoverished environment.
C)predictions of behavior must incorporate knowledge of environment.
D)enriched environments only benefited genetically enhanced animals.
5
As indicated in "Genes in Context," DNA methylation:
A)enhances the expression of DNA information.
B)has no effect on long-term gene activity.
C)increases the likelihood of transcription.
D)can lead to the silencing of a gene.
6
According to "Genes in Context," studies indicate that if DNA methylation is inhibited, there will be impairment in memory for the experience.
A)True
B)False
7
As noted in "Effects of Prenatal Social Stress on Offspring Development: Pathology or Adaptation?", a common characteristic of all approaches in studies of prenatal social influences is the induction of:
A)social instability.
B)conflict.
C)predation.
D)resource scarcity.
8
In "Effects of Prenatal Social Stress on Offspring Development: Pathology or Adaptation?" the authors suggest that among humans, androgen levels:
A)are not affected by environmental factors.
B)remain stable during pregnancy.
C)do not influence the behavioral phenotype of offspring later in life.
D)may influence fetal central-nervous-system differentiation.
9
According to "Effects of Prenatal Social Stress on Offspring Development: Pathology or Adaptation?", studies suggest that the social environment does not represent an influential stressor.
A)True
B)False
10
As presented in "Infants' Differential Processing of Female and Male Faces," categorization is an important information-processing capability because it allows for:
A)efficient allocation of cognitive resources.
B)instant recognition of unfamiliar people and objects.
C)accurate judgments about people and objects.
D)acceptance of all things, people, and situations.
11
As noted in "Infants' Differential Processing of Female and Male Faces," one negative aspect of the ability to categorize is the possibility of:
A)unwarranted trust.
B)stereotyping.
C)age-inappropriate activities.
D)choosing the wrong mate.
12
As stated in "Infants' Differential Processing of Female and Male Faces," research has shown that infants form prototypes of both female and male faces.
A)True
B)False
13
As pointed out in "The Other-Race Effect Develops During Infancy," a 2002 study concerning gender preference showed that three- to four-month-old infants raised primarily by a male caregiver demonstrated a visual preference for:
A)the caregiver's race, regardless of gender.
B)no gender or race over another.
C)male rather than female faces.
D)female rather than male faces.
14
As disclosed in "The Other-Race Effect Develops During Infancy," 22 three-month-old infants were excluded from the authors' final analysis due to all of the following reasons, except:
A)parental interference.
B)side bias during testing.
C)failure to habituate.
D)fussiness.
15
According to "The Other-Race Effect Develops During Infancy," the stimuli used in the authors' study were color images of faces from four ethnic groups, featuring differing shades of hair and eye colors.
A)True
B)False
16
As noted in "New Advances in Understanding Sensitive Periods in Brain Development," the idea that there are sensitive periods in neural, cognitive, and behavioral development first became widely known when Konrad Lorenz described the phenomenon of:
A)filial imprinting.
B)critical sensitivity.
C)pivotal plasticity.
D)computational stimuli.
17
As explained in "New Advances in Understanding Sensitive Periods in Brain Development," the recent theory that post-natal functional brain development (at least within the cerebral cortex) involves a process of increased fine-tuning of response properties known as:
A)individualized perception.
B)developmental consequence.
C)functional cognition.
D)interactive specialization.
18
As mentioned in "New Advances in Understanding Sensitive Periods in Brain Development," a major feature of sensitive periods is that plasticity appears to be markedly increased at the end of the period.
A)True
B)False
19
As explained in "Contributions of Neuroscience to Our Understanding of Cognitive Development," PKU is a disorder in the gene that codes for the enzyme:
A)glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.
B)phenylalanine hydroxylase.
C)malate oxidase.
D)2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase.
20
As presented in "Contributions of Neuroscience to Our Understanding of Cognitive Development," a mechanism that could conceivably underlie the ability of newborns to show imitation rather automatically was provided through the discovery (by Rizzolatti et al.) of:
A)ribonucleic acid.
B)mirror neurons.
C)the dopamine system.
D)phenylalanine.
21
As stated in "Contributions of Neuroscience to Our Understanding of Cognitive Development," neuroscience research has demonstrated that the brain is far less plastic than previously thought.
A)True
B)False
22
As stated in "It's Fun, But Does It Make You Smarter?," psychologist Linda Jackson says that the children most likely to benefit from home Internet access are the:
A)proactive self-starters.
B)shy, reticent students.
C)least likely to have it.
D)ones who already have it.
23
As disclosed in "It's Fun, But Does It Make You Smarter?," Donald Leu et al. asked 50 seventh graders to assess the reliability of a website on the mythical:
A)endangered Pacific Northwest Tree Octopus.
B)dragon of Georgia.
C)lost city of Atlantis.
D)discovery of a humanoid life form on Mars in 1968.
24
As quoted in "It's Fun, But Does It Make You Smarter?," Kallen Tsikalas, director of research and learning services for Computers For Youth (CFY), contends that children are very reluctant to seek help for themselves online.
A)True
B)False
25
As noted in "Language and Children's Understanding of Mental States," a review of research on mental-state understanding shows that:
A)mothers who talk about psychological themes promote their children's mental-state understanding.
B)it is likely that psychologically precocious children prompt more mental-state language in their mothers.
C)any talkativeness on the part of a mother produces mental-state awareness.
D)there is no evidence that mothers' psychological language has any sustained influence on children.
26
As reported in "Language and Children's Understanding of Mental States," in discussing deaf children who are late signers, the author notes that they:
A)do as well as other children in tests for mental-state understanding when tested in sign language.
B)have similar rates of theory of mind acquisition as other children.
C)have similar rates of theory of mind acquisition as other deaf children.
D)are genuinely delayed in their conceptualization of mental states.
27
According to "Language and Children's Understanding of Mental States," among children with autism, accuracy in attribution of beliefs and emotions has no correlation to language skill.
A)True
B)False
28
As observed in "Developmental Narratives of the Experiencing Child," a capacity that generally emerges in the fourth year of life is:
A)spontaneous emergence of knowledge sharing.
B)shift from nonverbal to verbal expression of mental content.
C)proficiency in the representational use of language.
D)forming memories of past experiences.
29
As reported in "Developmental Narratives of the Experiencing Child," the key motif in the narrative of the experiencing child is a focus on:
A)what is available to the child in his or her specific culture.
B)the social context of the child.
C)the child as explorer.
D)specific interactive encounters in the child's experience.
30
According to "Developmental Narratives of the Experiencing Child," the human brain is more mature at birth than the brain of other primates.
A)True
B)False
31
As reported in "Social Cognitive Development: A New Look," the degree of positivity of children's evaluations of their peers:
A)depends on external factors only.
B)may be influenced by arbitrary similarities.
C)depends on internal factors only.
D)is based on the choices made by peers.
32
As stated in "Social Cognitive Development: A New Look," Markson and Fawcett found that children deemed as more preferable playmates were those who:
A)shared their belongings.
B)were obvious leaders.
C)had different preferences in toys and foods.
D)had similar preferences in toys and foods.
33
According to "Social Cognitive Development: A New Look," studies suggest that infants do not have well-formed expectations about human interaction.
A)True
B)False
34
According to "Future Thinking in Young Children," the term "tomorrow" is understood to refer to the future, but not necessarily the next day, by most:
A)12-month-olds.
B)18-month-olds.
C)2-year-olds.
D)3-year-olds.
35
As cited in "Future Thinking in Young Children," Suddendorf and Busby in 2005 tested preschoolers' ability to act in the present to avoid:
A)a future state of boredom.
B)an immediate negative consequence.
C)forgetfulness of a past occurrence or lesson.
D)being chosen last for an imminent participatory event.
36
As observed in "Future Thinking in Young Children," children's scripts for a future situation do not improve significantly with age, whereas their plans for the future situation do.
A)True
B)False
37
As reported in "Talking about Science in Museums," a child's retention of event information appears to be most strongly related to:
A)observant silence.
B)child-only talk.
C)joint verbal exchanges.
D)mother-only talk.
38
As stated in "Talking about Science in Museums," research on age-related differences in scientific thinking shows that children:
A)are stronger than adults at recognizing variables.
B)readily repeat research that does not agree with preconceptions.
C)do not understand the concept of experimentation.
D)are less likely to jump to conclusions as they get older.
39
According to "Talking about Science in Museums," partial or fragmentary explanations offered to children undermine scaffolding of scientific concepts.
A)True
B)False
40
As defined in "When Should a Kid Start Kindergarten?," junior kindergarten, a sort of holding tank for kids too old for more preschool, is also known as:
A)post-pre-K.
B)quasi-K.
C)the interim.
D)transitional kindergarten.
41
As noted in "When Should a Kid Start Kindergarten?," fifteenth- and sixteenth-century German parents were told to send their children to school when the children:
A)learned the value of a dollar.
B)could articulate a desire for education.
C)started to act "rational."
D)could recite 10 Bible verses.
42
As revealed in "When Should a Kid Start Kindergarten?," teachers now report that less than 24 percent of incoming kindergartners have difficulty handling the demands of school.
A)True
B)False
43
As disclosed in "Should Learning Be Its Own Reward?", in Tucson, Arizona, high-school juniors selected from low-income areas will be paid up to $25 each week for:
A)staying out of trouble.
B)doing their homework.
C)keeping a daily journal.
D)attending school.
44
As enumerated in "Should Learning Be Its Own Reward?", the important guidelines for implementing an effective reward system include all of the following, except:
A)do not use rewards unless you have to.
B)do not use rewards that involve food or money.
C)use rewards for a specific reason.
D)use rewards for a limited time.
45
As observed in "Should Learning Be Its Own Reward?", moral questions are outside the purview of cognitive science.
A)True
B)False
46
As reported in "Social Awareness + Emotional Skills = Successful Kids," critics of social and emotional learning programs contend that:
A)there is no correlation between social competence and academic achievement.
B)mental health is too difficult to improve.
C)social and emotional learning should not fall on teachers.
D)social and emotional learning programs are an intrusion on privacy.
47
As noted in "Social Awareness + Emotional Skills = Successful Kids," a study of the Seattle social development programs:
A)found a higher graduation rate among participants.
B)studied high-school students exclusively.
C)found no long-term effects.
D)saw no correlation between participation and mental health.
48
According to "Social Awareness + Emotional Skills = Successful Kids," the Collaboration for Academic, Social and Emotional Learning finds the majority of social and emotional learning programs exemplary for being well-designed and evidence-based.
A)True
B)False
49
As reported in "A Neurobiological Perspective on Early Human Deprivation," of the nearly 23,000 international adoptions that took place in the United States in 2004, the vast majority of the adopted children were from:
A)Western Europe and Africa.
B)Africa and Asia.
C)Eastern Europe and Asia.
D)Africa and Latin America.
50
As related in "A Neurobiological Perspective on Early Human Deprivation," various researchers since the 1990s have identified an early-institutionalization syndrome that mimics:
A)muscular dystrophy.
B)savantism.
C)autism.
D)cerebral palsy.
51
As cited in "A Neurobiological Perspective on Early Human Deprivation," Chugan et al. concluded in 2001 that connectivity between brain regions is negatively affected by early institutionalization.
A)True
B)False
52
As reported in "Don't!: The Secret of Self-Control," Walter Mischel's conclusion from the marshmallow test was that self-control was determined by:
A)self-perception of need.
B)awareness of circumstances.
C)strategic allocation of attention.
D)native intelligence.
53
As noted in "Don't!: The Secret of Self-Control," Angela Duckworth found that:
A)learning algebra improves self-control.
B)delay of gratification is a better predictor of academic performance than intelligence is.
C)self-control is not a genuine character trait.
D)there is little correlation between delay of gratification and academic success.
54
According to "Don't!: The Secret of Self-Control," Walter Mischel was able to improve children's delay times by teaching a simple set of mental tricks.
A)True
B)False
55
As discussed in "Children's Capacity to Develop Resiliency," the children and families interviewed by the author:
A)showed identical sets of coping behaviors.
B)all had major, ongoing stressors in their lives.
C)exhibited high levels of school and work absenteeism.
D)largely lived in rural environments.
56
As pointed out in "Children's Capacity to Develop Resiliency," the Pygmalion effect occurs when:
A)shortcoming are turned into assets.
B)people are able to laugh at themselves.
C)motivation grows in a student because a teacher believes in and encourages him or her.
D)people find the good in themselves on their own.
57
As stated in "Children's Capacity to Develop Resiliency," the overwhelming majority of people labeled "at risk" as children never become successful adults.
A)True
B)False
58
As stated in "Emotions and the Development of Childhood Depression: Bridging the Gap," the authors' view is that difficulty in appropriately releasing from and resolving negative emotions is at the core of:
A)addiction.
B)retardation.
C)depression.
D)autism.
59
According to "Emotions and the Development of Childhood Depression: Bridging the Gap," the rudiments of guilt, shame, embarrassment, and pride emerge in a child's:
A)first weeks.
B)first year.
C)second year.
D)fourth year.
60
As asserted in "Emotions and the Development of Childhood Depression: Bridging the Gap," nowadays the mental health problems of young children are usually recognized before they become severe and difficult to treat.
A)True
B)False
61
According to "Children's Social and Moral Reasoning About Exclusion," current research reveals that children's moral reasoning reflects:
A)their current stage of development.
B)a hierarchy of considerations, beginning with self.
C)an individual template constructed at a young age.
D)a collection of various considerations.
62
As defined in "Children's Social and Moral Reasoning About Exclusion," "intergroup exclusion" refers to the exclusion of:
A)certain members within a homogenous group.
B)members of an "outsider" group, such as those of a different race or gender.
C)those who do not meet a group's moral standards.
D)former friends when new friendships are developed.
63
As presented in "Children's Social and Moral Reasoning About Exclusion," children of various ages demonstrate similar moral reasoning until complexity is introduced into the situation.
A)True
B)False
64
Proactive aggression, as used in "A Profile of Bullying at School," is a type of bullying behavior that involves:
A)aggressive action in response to a taunt or an attempt at intimidation.
B)negative behaviors that are meant to forestall imagined violent acts in the future.
C)nonphysical acts of aggression.
D)an absence of provocation or threat on the part of the victim.
65
As listed in "A Profile of Bullying at School," all of the following factors are implicated in the origins of bullying behaviors except:
A)poor self-esteem and insecurity.
B)personality characteristics.
C)attitudes and behaviors of teachers.
D)physical strength or weakness.
66
Empirical research on bully/victim behaviors in schools indicates that most students who are victimized engage in turn in some form of bullying themselves, as shown in "A Profile of Bullying at School."
A)True
B)False
67
As noted in "When Girls and Boys Play," by the time children reach school age, play typically becomes:
A)more complicated and less "fun."
B)replaced by television.
C)a social activity.
D)secondary to school work.
68
As reported in "When Girls and Boys Play," when trained college students used conflict-resolution strategies with children in grades 1–6 during recess, there was a significant reduction in targeted inappropriate behavior only among the:
A)first and second graders.
B)fifth and sixth graders.
C)girls.
D)boys.
69
As related in "When Girls and Boys Play," Goodwin found in her 2001 research that in the natural course of playing their chosen games, boys are more likely to exclude others from their play than are girls.
A)True
B)False
70
According to "Playtime in Peril," skills best learned through play include:
A)reading.
B)writing.
C)critical thinking.
D)math.
71
As indicated in "Playtime in Peril," the common root for the disappearance of play time is:
A)lack of tolerance for disorder.
B)need to be in control.
C)concern for injury.
D)fear of falling behind.
72
As reported in "Playtime in Peril," preschoolers learn best when all they do is play.
A)True
B)False
73
As defined in "The Role of Neurobiological Deficits in Childhood Antisocial Behavior," the term that refers to the fact that "people who are on the receiving end of the behavior are disadvantaged by it, and that social norms and values are violated" is:
A)antisocial behavior.
B)asocial behavior.
C)dissocial behavior.
D)amoral behavior.
74
As cited in "The Role of Neurobiological Deficits in Childhood Antisocial Behavior," Raine et al. found that low resting heart rate at age 3 predicted:
A)marked shyness at age 12.
B)relaxed confidence by age 9 or 10.
C)diagnosed autism by age 6.
D)aggressive behavior at age 11.
75
As noted in "The Role of Neurobiological Deficits in Childhood Antisocial Behavior," most research has focused on identifying specific contextual factors that impinge on the developing child.
A)True
B)False
76
According to "Children of Lesbian and Gay Parents," a major problem with early research that compared children of lesbian mothers and children of heterosexual mothers was that:
A)researchers tended to slant the results against the lesbian mothers.
B)the children of lesbian mothers had so many problems that they were difficult to study.
C)all the children studied had been born into a heterosexual family structure.
D)the studies proved of little value in divorce and child custody cases.
77
As explained in "Children of Lesbian and Gay Parents," the Bay Area Families Study was one of the first studies to look at children who were:
A)born to or adopted early in life by lesbian mothers.
B)being raised by lesbian mothers in heterosexual relationships.
C)adopted by gay men.
D)gay or lesbian and being raised by heterosexual couples.
78
As stated in "Children of Lesbian and Gay Parents," one of the problems with the Bay Area Families Study was that the study participants were self-selected.
A)True
B)False
79
As disclosed in "Evidence of Infants' Internal Working Models of Attachment," the authors' study involved the measurement of attachment security in the lab using the:
A)Variable Cap-Stop.
B)Lorenz Method.
C)Strange Situation.
D)Skinner Box.
80
As described in "Evidence of Infants' Internal Working Models of Attachment," the mother and child viewed by the test infants were videos of:
A)a chimpanzee and her baby.
B)a human mother and infant.
C)two animated teddy bears, one large and one small.
D)two animated ellipses, one large and one small.
81
According to "Evidence of Infants' Internal Working Models of Attachment," a mixed analysis of variance with attachment status and outcome as variables revealed no differences between secure and insecure infants in the overall time they looked at the test displays.
A)True
B)False
82
In exploring the research on the effects of divorce on children, the author of "Parental Divorce and Children's Adjustment" found that:
A)there is no correlation between parental divorce and academic achievement.
B)most children whose parents divorce have long-term negative outcomes.
C)intergenerational transmission of divorce is not mediated by interpersonal skill deficits.
D)adults whose parents divorce have lower quality relationships with parents during adulthood.
83
As reported in "Parental Divorce and Children's Adjustment," Amato and Keith's meta-analyses have found that:
A)the effect of divorce became more pronounced in the United States from the 1950s to the 1980s.
B)divorce is more stigmatized in the United States than in most places.
C)stigmatization is a definite moderator of the link between parents' divorce and children's adjustment.
D)studies on divorce conducted outside the United States found more problems with children's conduct than U.S. studies.
84
According to "Parental Divorce and Children's Adjustment," a higher percentage of single parents live in poverty than parents in two-parent families.
A)True
B)False
85
As observed in "Within-Family Differences in Parent–Child Relations Across the Life Course," when studying children's perceptions of PDT, scholars have increasingly used the:
A)Sibling Inventory of Differential Experience.
B)Psychoanalytic Study of the Child.
C)Biblical story of Israel favoring his last-born son Joseph.
D)novel Beach Music by Pat Conroy.
86
As claimed in "Within-Family Differences in Parent–Child Relations Across the Life Course," favoritism is more common when parents experience marital problems and when children:
A)have a competitive relationship.
B)are close in age.
C)have serious health problems.
D)are of the same gender.
87
As analyzed in "Within-Family Differences in Parent–Child Relations Across the Life Course," even across studies using subjects in the same structural position in the family and the same mode of data collection (e.g., interview), the measurement of PDT varies considerably.
A)True
B)False
88
As reported in "The Messy Room Dilemma," parents should recognize that a child's messy room is:
A)a mark of defiance .
B)a slippery slope to chaos.
C)an expression of autonomy.
D)a commentary on her or his relationship to the family.
89
As noted in "The Messy Room Dilemma," on the subject of lying, the authors point out that:
A)most parents do not consider it a problem.
B)the majority of young boys are problem liars.
C)the majority of young girls are problem liars.
D)age 10-11 is the normal peak for lying.
90
According to "The Messy Room Dilemma," the vast majority of children who stutter stop on their own by age six.
A)True
B)False
91
According to "The Role of Parental Control in Children's Development in Western and East Asian Countries," behavioral control:
A)is equated with parental domination.
B)erodes the child's individual autonomy.
C)inherently entails intrusiveness.
D)has positive effects on children's development.
92
As indicated in "The Role of Parental Control in Children's Development in Western and East Asian Countries," Iyengar and Lepper's culture-specific perspective contends that:
A)parental control is more negative in East Asian contexts.
B)East Asians value autonomy over harmony.
C)East Asian culture equates parental control with rejection.
D)taking on parental decisions as their own gives East Asian children an opportunity for harmony.
93
As stated in "The Role of Parental Control in Children's Development in Western and East Asian Countries," parental control is more common in East Asia than in the West.
A)True
B)False
94
According to "The Fatal Distraction," characteristics that keep showing up in infant deaths in closed cars include:
A)unusually hot summers.
B)teen parents.
C)lack of education.
D)stressed parents.
95
As reported in "The Fatal Distraction," Miles Harrison was found not guilty because:
A)there were extenuating circumstances.
B)he was under a doctor's care.
C)there was no criminal intent.
D)the facts of the case were in dispute.
96
As pointed out in "The Fatal Distraction," Raelyn Balfour admitted that her propensity to take on multiple challenges at once contributed to her son's death.
A)True
B)False
97
As suggested in "Siblings Play Formative, Influential Role as 'Agents of Socialization'," parents are better than siblings at teaching:
A)the behaviors that constitute the bulk of a child's everyday experiences.
B)how not to embarrass oneself at the dinner table.
C)how to act as school.
D)how to act cool around friends.
98
As reported in "Siblings Play Formative, Influential Role as 'Agents of Socialization'," Laurie Kramer of the University of Illinois contends that:
A)gender differences have a huge impact on sibling relationships and influence.
B)children without siblings are less socially competent.
C)siblings widely spaced in age respond differently in the home than those closer together in age.
D)parents of only children should think of ways to provide social experiences.
99
According to "Siblings Play Formative, Influential Role as 'Agents of Socialization'," a female teen is at higher risk for getting pregnant if her older sister was a teenage mother.
A)True
B)False
100
According to "Goodbye to Girlhood," experts are concerned that girls at younger and younger ages are being encouraged by marketers and media images to:
A)be sexy.
B)deny their sexuality.
C)hate their gender.
D)emulate boys.
101
As claimed in "Goodbye to Girlhood," the average age that girls become concerned about looking good for others is:
A)7.
B)12.
C)18.
D)4.
102
As noted in "Goodbye to Girlhood," young boys and girls are equally sexualized in current marketing campaigns and media messages.
A)True
B)False
103
As profiled in "Trials for Parents Who Chose Faith over Medicine," 11-year-old Kara Neumann of Weston, Wisconsin, died as a result of undiagnosed and untreated:
A)food allergies.
B)pneumonia.
C)leukemia.
D)juvenile diabetes.
104
As reported in "Trials for Parents Who Chose Faith over Medicine," in the United States, criminal codes that provide some form of protection for practitioners of faith healing in cases of child neglect and other matters exist in:
A)only Wisconsin and Maine.
B)14 states.
C)30 states.
D)all 50 states.
105
According to "Trials for Parents Who Chose Faith over Medicine," all but six states give social service authorities the right to go into homes and petition for the removal of children.
A)True
B)False
106
As reported in "Childhood's End," the children the author calls "night commuters":
A)have become killers.
B)are routinely brutalized by the people of Gulu.
C)are fleeing the Lord's Resistance Army.
D)have no hope.
107
As identified in "Childhood's End," the primary victims of the Lord's Resistance Army are:
A)Ugandan army officers.
B)Sudanese tribesmen.
C)the elderly.
D)the Acholi people.
108
As stated in "Childhood's End," Sudan is not a signatory of the treaty that established the International Criminal Court.
A)True
B)False
109
As expressed in "How to Win the Weight Battle," the child-obesity crisis in the United States can be blamed on the American:
A)toxic environment.
B)family.
C)public-school system.
D)dream.
110
As revealed in "How to Win the Weight Battle," in exemplification of the sort of problem facing many U.S. states, more than half the school districts have failed to implement the 20 minutes a day of physical activity that the state law requires in:
A)California.
B)Kentucky.
C)Minnesota.
D)Oklahoma.
111
As cited in "How to Win the Weight Battle," Dianne Neumark-Sztainer's research concludes that the weight-loss strategies effective for adults have the same effectiveness for adolescents.
A)True
B)False
112
As examined in "The Epidemic That Wasn't," cocaine is undoubtedly bad for the fetus, but experts say its effects are less severe than those of:
A)alcohol.
B)tobacco.
C)fatty foods.
D)aspirin.
113
As defined in "The Epidemic That Wasn't," the brain's ability to set priorities and pay selective attention, enabling the child to focus on the task at hand, is known as:
A)executive function.
B)primary exposure.
C)neurodevelopmental metabolism.
D)point-in-time capacity.
114
As quoted in "The Epidemic That Wasn't," Dr. Deborah A. Frank says that cocaine use in pregnancy has been treated more as a health problem rather than the moral issue that it really is.
A)True
B)False
115
As noted in "The Positives of Caregiving: Mothers' Experiences Caregiving for a Child with Autism," in discussing the result of their caregiving experience, all of the mothers said they:
A)lost confidence in themselves.
B)felt personally transformed.
C)blamed themselves for every reversal.
D)had few positive feelings.
116
As reported in "The Positives of Caregiving: Mothers' Experiences Caregiving for a Child with Autism," the study assumed that the mothers involved had a great deal of stress because:
A)they were all over 40 years old.
B)their children all had multiple disabilities.
C)all of their children were eventually placed outside the home.
D)they all had stress-related illnesses.
117
As observed in "The Positives of Caregiving: Mothers' Experiences Caregiving for a Child with Autism," research suggests that the burden of caregiving for children with autism is greater than that of parenting a child with other disabilities.
A)True
B)False
118
In discussing the autism epidemic, the authors of "Three Reasons Not to Believe in an Autism Epidemic" contend that:
A)the situation is more serious in Canada than in the United States.
B)there is no way to be sure how many people are actually afflicted.
C)diagnostic criteria for the condition have narrowed.
D)there is no scientific evidence that there is a genuine epidemic.
119
In exploring public perceptions of autism, the authors of "Three Reasons Not to Believe in an Autism Epidemic" point out that:
A)the public perception is based on scientific fact.
B)there has been a deliberately increased public awareness.
C)educational leaders characterize autism broadly to increase its public profile.
D)public awareness of the condition has decreased.
120
As noted in "Three Reasons Not to Believe in an Autism Epidemic," estimates of the prevalence of autism prior to 1980 were based on individual clinicians' and researchers' conceptions.
A)True
B)False
121
As mentioned in "Getting Back to the Great Outdoors," the argument that humans have an innate affinity for the natural world is central to biologist Edward O. Wilson's theory of:
A)forest-fondness.
B)enviro-attraction.
C)the inner outdoors.
D)biophilia.
122
As reported in "Getting Back to the Great Outdoors," sociologist Sandra Hofferth conducted a study showing that between 1997 and 2003, the amount of time children ages 9 to 12 spent in outdoor activities such as hiking, horseback riding, fishing, camping, and gardening declined by:
A)5 percent.
B)18 percent.
C)30 percent.
D)50 percent.
123
As suggested in "Getting Back to the Great Outdoors," children who have not developed a connection to the natural world will most likely not have much affiliation with or concern for Mother Nature when they are adults.
A)True
B)False
124
As defined in "Treatment and Prevention of Posttraumatic Stress Reactions in Children and Adolescents Exposed to Disasters and Terrorism: What Is the Evidence?," the short-term recovery phase covers:
A)the event through the first few weeks post-disaster.
B)the first few weeks post-disaster through the first year.
C)the immediate time of the crisis, usually four or five days.
D)as long it takes the victims to move on to the long-term recovery phase.
125
As pointed out in "Treatment and Prevention of Posttraumatic Stress Reactions in Children and Adolescents Exposed to Disasters and Terrorism: What Is the Evidence?," mental-health workers and disaster responders typically deliver CISD in:
A)hospitals or other medical facilities.
B)the homes of the victims.
C)field settings, such as community shelters.
D)ambulances or other emergency vehicles.
126
As noted in "Treatment and Prevention of Posttraumatic Stress Reactions in Children and Adolescents Exposed to Disasters and Terrorism: What Is the Evidence?," at present, there is no evidence that psychological interventions delivered in the immediate aftermath of disasters and terrorist events are effective for reducing short- or long-term distress.
A)True
B)False





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