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1
According to “Prenatal Origins of Neurological Development: A Critical Period for Fetus and Mother,” studies on stress during pregnancy have shown that:
A)no correlation exists between stress and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
B)pregnancy tends to increase psychological responses to stress.
C)early exposure to stress is more likely to result in pre-term birth than later exposure.
D)later exposure to stress is more likely to result in pre-term birth than earlier exposure
2
As reported in “Prenatal Origins of Neurological Development: A Critical Period for Fetus and Mother,” the Predictive Adaptive Response model suggests a negative prenatal nutrient environment:
A)is unlikely to have an effect on the child after birth.
B)has negative health outcomes only when the postnatal nutrient environment is also negative.
C)always leads to negative effects on the child after birth.
D)has negative effects on the child if the post-natal nutrient environment is abundant.
3
As stated in “Prenatal Origins of Neurological Development: A Critical Period for Fetus and Mother,” rodent models show that reproduction has no long term effects on the brain of the mother.
A)True
B)False
4
As reported in “Genes in Context,” the 1958 Cooper and Zubek study found that
A)a genetically derived characteristic appears independent of environment.
B)genetically enhanced animals were unaffected by an impoverished environment.
C)predictions of behavior must incorporate knowledge of environment.
D)enriched environments only benefitted genetically enhanced animals.
5
As indicated in “Genes in Context,” DNA methylation
A)enhances the expression of DNA information.
B)has no effect on long-term gene activity.
C)increases the likelihood of transcription.
D)can lead to the silencing of a gene.
6
According to “Genes in Context,” studies indicate that if DNA methylation is inhibited, there will be impairment in memory for the experience.
A)True
B)False
7
As noted in “Effects of Prenatal Social Stress on Offspring Development: Pathology or Adaptation?”, a common characteristic of all approaches in studies of prenatal social influences is the induction of
A)social instability.
B)conflict.
C)predation.
D)resource scarcity.
8
In “Effects of Prenatal Social Stress on Offspring Development: Pathology or Adaptation?” the authors suggest that among humans, androgen levels
A)are not affected by environmental factors.
B)remain stable during pregnancy.
C)do not influence the behavioral phenotype of offspring later in life.
D)may influence fetal central-nervous-system differentiation.
9
According to “Effects of Prenatal Social Stress on Offspring Development: Pathology or Adaptation?”, studies suggest that the social environment does not represent an influential stressor.
A)True
B)False
10
As noted in “How Do Infants Become Experts at Native-Speech Perception?”, as a mechanism of perceptual change in the phonetic domain, distributional learning is:
A)available to humans and some other species.
B)only observed in humans of above-average intelligence.
C)stronger in males than females.
D)stronger in females than males.
11
In reviewing the literature on distributional learning, the authors of “How Do Infants Become Experts at Native-Speech Perception?” note that:
A)it does not involve a token counting approach.
B)it involves relative frequencies of phonetic tokens in sub-regions of acoustic-phonetic space.
C)perceptual attunement to consonant sounds arises after the first year.
D)the research conclusion is inconsistent with previous understandings of phonetic perception.
12
According to “How Do Infants Become Experts at Native-Speech Perception?”, research shows that distributional regularity in a mother's speech is predictive of the phonetic-category structure her infant learns.
A)True
B)False
13
As pointed out in “The Other-Race Effect Develops During Infancy,” a 2002 study concerning gender preference showed that three- to four-month-old infants raised primarily by a male caregiver demonstrated a visual preference for
A)the caregiver's race, regardless of gender.
B)no gender or race over another.
C)male rather than female faces.
D)female rather than male faces.
14
As disclosed in “The Other-Race Effect Develops During Infancy,” 22 three-month-old infants were excluded from the authors' final analysis due to all of the following reasons, except
A)parental interference.
B)side bias during testing.
C)failure to habituate.
D)fussiness.
15
According to “The Other-Race Effect Develops During Infancy,” the stimuli used in the authors' study were color images of faces from four ethnic groups, featuring differing shades of hair and eye colors.
A)True
B)False
16
As noted in “New Advances in Understanding Sensitive Periods in Brain Development,” the idea that there are sensitive periods in neural, cognitive, and behavioral development first became widely known when Konrad Lorenz described the phenomenon of
A)filial imprinting.
B)critical sensitivity.
C)pivotal plasticity.
D)computational stimuli.
17
As explained in “New Advances in Understanding Sensitive Periods in Brain Development,” the recent theory that post-natal functional brain development (at least within the cerebral cortex) involves a process of increased fine-tuning of response properties known as
A)individualized perception.
B)developmental consequence.
C)functional cognition.
D)interactive specialization.
18
As mentioned in “New Advances in Understanding Sensitive Periods in Brain Development,” a major feature of sensitive periods is that plasticity appears to be markedly increased at the end of the period.
A)True
B)False
19
As explained in “Contributions of Neuroscience to Our Understanding of Cognitive Development,” PKU is a disorder in the gene that codes for the enzyme
A)glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.
B)phenylalanine hydroxylase.
C)malate oxidase.
D)2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase.
20
As presented in “Contributions of Neuroscience to Our Understanding of Cognitive Development,” a mechanism that could conceivably underlie the ability of newborns to show imitation rather automatically was provided through the discovery (by Rizzolatti et al.) of
A)ribonucleic acid.
B)mirror neurons.
C)the dopamine system.
D)phenylalanine.
21
As stated in “Contributions of Neuroscience to Our Understanding of Cognitive Development,” neuroscience research has demonstrated that the brain is far less plastic than previously thought.
A)True
B)False
22
According to “Infant Feeding and Cognition: Integrating a Developmental Perspective,” compared to mothers who do not breastfeed, breastfeeding mothers tend to
A)be younger.
B)be less well educated.
C)have lower IQs.
D)have more stable families.
23
As reported in “Infant Feeding and Cognition: Integrating a Developmental Perspective,” infant formulas
A)have changed very little since they were first developed.
B)are required by law to contain Docosahexanoic Acid.
C)are continually evolving.
D)are not regulated by the government.
24
As stated in “Infant Feeding and Cognition: Integrating a Developmental Perspective,” the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services contends that breastfeeding confers enhanced cognitive ability.
A)True
B)False
25
According to “Do Babies Learn from Baby Media?”, in the video study, the group that learned the most was
A)the control group.
B)the video with no interaction group.
C)the video with interaction group.
D)the parent teaching group.
26
As noted in “Do Babies Learn from Baby Media?”, when parents were surveyed, it was found that
A)children learned more if their parents liked the DVD.
B)the more the parent liked the video, the more they thought the child had learned.
C)all parents underestimated how much their children learned.
D)parents accurately assessed how much their children learned from the video.
27
As pointed out in “Do Babies Learn from Baby Media?”, babies learn a negligible amount from watching videos.
A)True
B)False
28
As reported in “Social Cognitive Development: A New Look,” the degree of positivity of children's evaluations of their peers
A)depends on external factors only.
B)may be influenced by arbitrary similarities.
C)depends on internal factors only.
D)is based on the choices made by peers.
29
As stated in “Social Cognitive Development: A New Look,” Markson and Fawcett found that children deemed as more preferable playmates were those who
A)shared their belongings.
B)were obvious leaders.
C)had different preferences in toys and foods.
D)had similar preferences in toys and foods.
30
According to “Social Cognitive Development: A New Look,” studies suggest that infants do not have well-formed expectations about human interaction.
A)True
B)False
31
Concerning the folk-scientific understandings of devices, the authors of “Running on Empty? How Folk Science Gets By with Less” note that such understandings:
A)generally exclude the devices of the natural world.
B)display a stunning level of inaccuracy.
C)do not exist in many cultures.
D)are not connected to personal experience.
32
As noted in “Running on Empty? How Folk Science Gets By with Less,” the only kind of causal pattern that rarely develops to any degree in infancy is:
A)causal density.
B)functional relations.
C)full mechanistic details.
D)casual relevancy.
33
As suggested in “Running on Empty? How Folk Science Gets By with Less,” the illusion of explanatory depth is especially strong in young children.
A)True
B)False
34
As reported in “Children's Reading Comprehension Difficulties,” a review of studies of children with poor comprehension shows that they:
A)rarely display language difficulties before reading develops.
B)generally have been diagnosed with having language impairment.
C)do not exhibit limitation in oral language comprehension.
D)should be helped by interventions to improve oral language comprehension.
35
As identified in “Children's Reading Comprehension Difficulties,” the most widely recognized form of reading disorder is:
A)reading accuracy impairment.
B)reading comprehension deficit.
C)dysgraphia.
D)dyslexia.
36
As noted in “Children's Reading Comprehension Difficulties,” evidence suggests that word recognition and listening comprehension are subject to genetic influence.
A)True
B)False
37
According to “Recess—It's Indispensable!”, research on recess indicates that
A)test scores improve when recess is reduced.
B)a majority of school systems have reduced recess since No Child Left Behind was enacted.
C)some schools cut back on recess out of fear from lawsuits from playground injuries.
D)recess results in more bullying.
38
Comparing recess to physical education, the author of “Recess—It's Indispensable!” points out that
A)children are more physically active during physical education than recess.
B)physical education can serve as a substitute for recess.
C)teacher supervision of physical education and recess is the same.
D)recess and physical education serve different functions.
39
As stated in “Recess—It's Indispensable!”, recess before rather than after lunch leads to healthier eating.
A)True
B)False
40
As reported in “Social Awareness + Emotional Skills = Successful Kids,” critics of social and emotional learning programs contend that
A)there is no correlation between social competence and academic achievement.
B)mental health is too difficult to improve.
C)social and emotional learning should not fall on teachers.
D)social and emotional learning programs are an intrusion on privacy.
41
As noted in “Social Awareness + Emotional Skills = Successful Kids,” a study of the Seattle social development programs
A)found a higher graduation rate among participants.
B)studied high-school students exclusively.
C)found no long-term effects.
D)saw no correlation between participation and mental health.
42
According to “Social Awareness + Emotional Skills = Successful Kids,” the Collaboration for Academic, Social and Emotional Learning finds the majority of social and emotional learning programs exemplary for being well-designed and evidence-based.
A)True
B)False
43
According to “Kindergarteners Explore Spirituality,” the foremost advice offered by the authors for incorporating issues of religious diversity in the classroom is to
A)bring in experts.
B)listen.
C)model kindness.
D)involve parents.
44
As reported in “Kindergarteners Explore Spirituality,” the name of the Beliefs Project was originally the
A)Heart Project.
B)Faith Project.
C)God Project.
D)Love Project.
45
As noted in “Kindergarteners Explore Spirituality,” the United States is the world's most religiously diverse nation.
A)True
B)False
46
According to “Young Children Enforce Social Norms,” the authors conclude that research findings suggest that young children:
A)abide by social norms but cannot enforce them.
B)do not understand the violation of norms.
C)obey social norms as part of their group identification.
D)see all social norms as universal in application.
47
As reported in “Young Children Enforce Social Norms,” social norms derive their power from:
A)threat of physical force.
B)mutual expectations.
C)instinct for self-preservation.
D)altruistic desire to protect the weak.
48
As pointed out in “Young Children Enforce Social Norms,” in their enforcement activities children do not differentiate between moral rules and the rules of games.
A)True
B)False
49
As reported in “Don't!: The Secret of Self-Control,” Walter Mischel's conclusion from the marshmallow test was that self-control was determined by
A)self-perception of need.
B)awareness of circumstances.
C)strategic allocation of attention.
D)native intelligence.
50
As noted in “Don't!: The Secret of Self-Control,” Angela Duckworth found that
A)learning algebra improves self-control.
B)delay of gratification is a better predictor of academic performance than intelligence is.
C)self-control is not a genuine character trait.
D)there is little correlation between delay of gratification and academic success.
51
According to “Don't!: The Secret of Self-Control,” Walter Mischel was able to improve children's delay times by teaching a simple set of mental tricks.
A)True
B)False
52
According to “The Moral Life of Babies,” psychological studies have found that babies
A)are not attracted to anything they do not understand.
B)have expectations about how objects should behave.
C)do not like surprises.
D)have no concept of motion.
53
Discussing babies' naive understanding of psychology, the author of “The Moral Life of Babies” notes that babies
A)think that inanimate objects move the same way as people.
B)have no concept of rational movement.
C)have no grasp of the idea of false beliefs.
D)like to look at faces.
54
As reported in “The Moral Life of Babies,” research suggests that babies can do rudimentary math with objects.
A)True
B)False
55
Discussing the role of social evaluative threat in day care situations, the author of “Same Place, Different Experiences: Bringing Individual Differences to Research in Child Care” notes that child-care environments
A)involve no risk of being rejected or ignored.
B)have equally negative implications for all children.
C)confront children with the challenge of negotiating relations with other children.
D)contain aggressive behavior to prevent negative peer interactions.
56
As noted in “Same Place, Different Experiences: Bringing Individual Differences to Research in Child Care,” greater exposure to child care has been associated with increased internalizing behavior for children
A)characterized as temperamentally positive as infants.
B)characterized as fearful of novelty.
C)with emotionally reactive temperaments.
D)who are easily frustrated.
57
As reported in “Same Place, Different Experiences: Bringing Individual Differences to Research in Child Care,” children portrayed by their mothers as temperamentally difficult during infancy were more susceptible to variation in both quality and amount of day care.
A)True
B)False
58
As defined in “The Role of Neurobiological Deficits in Childhood Antisocial Behavior,” the term that refers to the fact that “people who are on the receiving end of the behavior are disadvantaged by it, and that social norms and values are violated” is
A)antisocial behavior.
B)asocial behavior.
C)dissocial behavior.
D)amoral behavior.
59
As cited in “The Role of Neurobiological Deficits in Childhood Antisocial Behavior,” Raine et al. found that low resting heart rate at age 3 predicted
A)marked shyness at age 12.
B)relaxed confidence by age 9 or 10.
C)diagnosed autism by age 6.
D)aggressive behavior at age 11.
60
As noted in “The Role of Neurobiological Deficits in Childhood Antisocial Behavior,” most research has focused on identifying specific contextual factors that impinge on the developing child.
A)True
B)False
61
According to “Is Your Child Gay?”, the most salient differences between genders in childhood are found in the area of:
A)speech.
B)attire.
C)play.
D)gait.
62
As noted in “Is Your Child Gay?”, sex differences in the behaviors of young males versus young females:
A)do not exist in all cultures.
B)are largely impervious to learning.
C)are largely a myth.
D)have no predictive value.
63
As stated in “Is Your Child Gay?”, there are no childhood behavioral indicators that homosexuals have in common.
A)True
B)False
64
As reported in “Caring About Caring: What Adults Can Do to Promote Young Children's Prosocial Skills,” Nancy Eisenberg's description of prosocial behavior would include:
A)following rules in order to accepted in a group.
B)kind behavior one has been required to perform.
C)generous actions undertaken to impress authority.
D)voluntary behavior intended to benefit another.
65
As noted in “Caring About Caring: What Adults Can Do to Promote Young Children's Prosocial Skills,” evidence suggests that prosocial behaviors:
A)are more influenced by environment than genetics.
B)come naturally to some children.
C)have no genetic influence.
D)run counter to evolutionary theory.
66
Research reviewed in “Caring About Caring: What Adults Can Do to Promote Young Children's Prosocial Skills” demonstrates the causality between prosocial behavior and the development of other desirable competencies.
A)True
B)False
67
As reported in “Culture, Peer Interaction, and Socioemotional Development,” research has shown that in Western cultures, self-control is viewed as:
A)a necessary evil.
B)conflicting with the child's freedom.
C)in harmony with the value of the social fabric.
D)aberrant.
68
Comparing the way Chinese and Canadian children treat their peers, the author of “Culture, Peer Interaction, and Socioemotional Development” suggests that Chinese children are more likely to see their shy peers as:
A)socially incompetent.
B)deserving of antagonism.
C)courteous.
D)pathetic.
69
As stated in “Culture, Peer Interaction, and Socioemotional Development,” the construction of new cultures may be most likely to take place in peer activities of children with different backgrounds.
A)True
B)False
70
According to “Why Fathers Really Matter,” the review of data from Overkalix concluded that:
A)when boys ate too much, their grandsons had higher rates of diabetes.
B)nutritional affects do not cross generational lines.
C)when boys ate badly right before puberty, their sons had shorter life expectancy.
D)when boys ate too much, their sons had higher rates of heart disease.
71
As reported in “Why Fathers Really Matter,” Southeast Asian men who chew betel nuts:
A)are unlikely to produce children.
B)are more likely to have children with heart disease.
C)have healthier metabolic function.
D)are more likely to have children who are overweight.
72
As noted in “Why Fathers Really Matter,” Jean-Baptiste Lamarck contended that acquired traits could be passed down to offspring.
A)True
B)False
73
According to “Children of Lesbian and Gay Parents,” a major problem with early research that compared children of lesbian mothers and children of heterosexual mothers was that
A)researchers tended to slant the results against the lesbian mothers.
B)the children of lesbian mothers had so many problems that they were difficult to study.
C)all the children studied had been born into a heterosexual family structure.
D)the studies proved of little value in divorce and child custody cases.
74
As explained in “Children of Lesbian and Gay Parents,” the Bay Area Families Study was one of the first studies to look at children who were
A)born to or adopted early in life by lesbian mothers.
B)being raised by lesbian mothers in heterosexual relationships.
C)adopted by gay men.
D)gay or lesbian and being raised by heterosexual couples.
75
As stated in “Children of Lesbian and Gay Parents,” one of the problems with the Bay Area Families Study was that the study participants were self-selected.
A)True
B)False
76
As disclosed in “Evidence of Infants' Internal Working Models of Attachment,” the authors' study involved the measurement of attachment security in the lab using the
A)Variable Cap-Stop.
B)Lorenz Method.
C)Strange Situation.
D)Skinner Box.
77
As described in “Evidence of Infants' Internal Working Models of Attachment,” the mother and child viewed by the test infants were videos of
A)a chimpanzee and her baby.
B)a human mother and infant.
C)two animated teddy bears, one large and one small.
D)two animated ellipses, one large and one small.
78
According to “Evidence of Infants' Internal Working Models of Attachment,” a mixed analysis of variance with attachment status and outcome as variables revealed no differences between secure and insecure infants in the overall time they looked at the test displays.
A)True
B)False
79
In exploring the research on the effects of divorce on children, the author of “Parental Divorce and Children's Adjustment” found that
A)there is no correlation between parental divorce and academic achievement.
B)most children whose parents divorce have long-term negative outcomes.
C)intergenerational transmission of divorce is not mediated by interpersonal skill deficits.
D)adults whose parents divorce have lower quality relationships with parents during adulthood.
80
As reported in “Parental Divorce and Children's Adjustment,” Amato and Keith's meta-analyses have found that
A)the effect of divorce became more pronounced in the United States from the 1950s to the 1980s.
B)divorce is more stigmatized in the United States than in most places.
C)stigmatization is a definite moderator of the link between parents' divorce and children's adjustment.
D)studies on divorce conducted outside the United States found more problems with children's conduct than U.S. studies.
81
According to “Parental Divorce and Children's Adjustment,” a higher percentage of single parents live in poverty than parents in two-parent families.
A)True
B)False
82
According to “The Role of Parental Control in Children's Development in Western and East Asian Countries,” behavioral control
A)is equated with parental domination.
B)erodes the child's individual autonomy.
C)inherently entails intrusiveness.
D)has positive effects on children's development.
83
As indicated in “The Role of Parental Control in Children's Development in Western and East Asian Countries,” Iyengar and Lepper's culture-specific perspective contends that
A)parental control is more negative in East Asian contexts.
B)East Asians value autonomy over harmony.
C)East Asian culture equates parental control with rejection.
D)taking on parental decisions as their own gives East Asian children an opportunity for harmony.
84
As stated in “The Role of Parental Control in Children's Development in Western and East Asian Countries,” parental control is more common in East Asia than in the West.
A)True
B)False
85
According to “The Case Against Spanking,” Sandra Graham-Berman of the University of Michigan contends that physical punishment:
A)changes behavior but also leads to crime and other pathology.
B)is a very controversial subject.
C)is only appropriate for young children.
D)has immediate and obvious results in deteriorating behavioral compliance.
86
As reported in “The Case Against Spanking,” Alan Kazdin of Yale University takes the position that:
A)physical punishment is effective but dangerous.
B)research supports the use of limited physical punishment.
C)physical punishment does not change behavior.
D)more research is needed on the efficacy of physical punishment.
87
As stated in “The Case Against Spanking,” studies show that parents who had experienced frequent physical punishment as children were more likely than others to regard physical punishment as inappropriate.
A)True
B)False
88
As noted in “Sibling Experiences in Diverse Family Contexts,” compared with siblings in some non-Western cultures, siblings in the United States have
A)fewer expectations of fair treatment.
B)fewer rights and responsibilities for one another.
C)more clearly defined roles.
D)more financial obligations for one another.
89
As stated in “Sibling Experiences in Diverse Family Contexts,” factors that studies have identified specifically in African American families include
A)maternal experiences with racism were linked with high sibling warmth.
B)parental spirituality was linked with sibling negativity.
C)high sibling negativity was associated with lower risky behavior.
D)lower ethnic identity was associated with sibling emotional distance.
90
According to “Sibling Experiences in Diverse Family Contexts,” conflict between parents increases sibling hostility and emotional distance.
A)True
B)False
91
In looking at the demographics of immigrants in the United States, the authors of “The Effects of Parental Undocumented Status on the Developmental Contexts of Young Children in Immigrant Families” point out that:
A)the majority of all foreign-born immigrants are undocumented.
B)most undocumented immigrants do not put their children in public schools.
C)about one in five American children has a foreign-born parent.
D)children themselves cannot obtain citizenship if their parent is undocumented.
92
As reported in “The Effects of Parental Undocumented Status on the Developmental Contexts of Young Children in Immigrant Families,” Mexican children score worse than children from other ethnic groups on assessments of:
A)attention problems.
B)problem behaviors.
C)cognitive skills.
D)socio-emotional indicators.
93
As stated in “The Effects of Parental Undocumented Status on the Developmental Contexts of Young Children in Immigrant Families,” immigrant groups with high rates of being undocumented have better perinatal and postnatal outcomes than their U.S.-born counterparts with roughly equal economic conditions.
A)True
B)False
94
As reported in “Is Technology Ruining Our Kids?”,Michele Ybara's research on cyberbullying and harassment has found that the majority of the respondents were:
A)neither bullied nor harassed.
B)both bullied and harassed.
C)bullied but not harassed.
D)harassed but not bullied.
95
As pointed out in “Is Technology Ruining Our Kids?”, the Positive Youth Development research on sexting has found that:
A)younger teens are more likely to sext than older ones are.
B)sexting has not been associated with other types of sexual behavior.
C)girls are more likely to sext than boys.
D)almost half of teens have engaged in sexting.
96
As stated in “Is Technology Ruining Our Kids?”, young people in Michele Ybara's research were more upset by online bullying than bullying in person at school.
A)True
B)False
97
As discussed in “Independence and Interdependence in Children's Development Experiences,” within the traditional dichotomous understanding of independence and interdependence, the epitome of an independence orientation is usually considered to be
A)Japanese.
B)South African.
C)Russian.
D)European-American.
98
As reported in “Independence and Interdependence in Children's Development Experiences,” European-Americans in an upper-income community differ from lower-income European-Americans in the high value they place on
A)appreciating one's psychological uniqueness.
B)self-assertion.
C)perseverance.
D)self-confidence.
99
As stated in “Independence and Interdependence in Children's Development Experiences,” conceptions of children's independence and interdependence are construed in relation to varied societal processes that permeate the exigencies of people's lives.
A)True
B)False
100
As reported in “More Support Needed for Trauma Interventions,” the key in helping childhood abuse victims recover is:
A)overcoming parental opposition.
B)finding capable therapists.
C)implementation of standard therapies.
D)providing access to evidence-based therapies.
101
As stated in “More Support Needed for Trauma Interventions,” surveys show that of the children who have been abused, the majority were:
A)sexually abused.
B)emotionally abused.
C)physically abused.
D)making false reports.
102
As noted in “More Support Needed for Trauma Interventions,” children who are abused and neglected have an increased risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
A)True
B)False
103
As presented in “ADHD among Preschoolers,” some researchers believe that ADHD can be diagnosed as early as:
A)six months, with blood tests.
B)one year.
C)three years.
D)five years.
104
As disclosed in “ADHD among Preschoolers,” among the moderate to severe side effects experienced by medicated ADHD children were all of the following except:
A)insomnia.
B)baldness.
C)emotional outbursts.
D)loss of appetite.
105
As cited in “ADHD among Preschoolers,” researchers generally agree that ADHD is severely over-diagnosed.
A)True
B)False
106
As noted in “The Positives of Caregiving: Mothers' Experiences Caregiving for a Child with Autism,” in discussing the result of their caregiving experience, all of the mothers said they
A)lost confidence in themselves.
B)felt personally transformed.
C)blamed themselves for every reversal.
D)had few positive feelings.
107
As reported in “The Positives of Caregiving: Mothers' Experiences Caregiving for a Child with Autism,” the study assumed that the mothers involved had a great deal of stress because
A)they were all over 40 years old.
B)their children all had multiple disabilities.
C)all of their children were eventually placed outside the home.
D)they all had stress-related illnesses.
108
As observed in “The Positives of Caregiving: Mothers' Experiences Caregiving for a Child with Autism,” research suggests that the burden of caregiving for children with autism is greater than that of parenting a child with other disabilities.
A)True
B)False
109
The author of “Caring for Chronically Ill Kids,” defines as a “clinician's fallacy” the
A)idea that depression is common among caregivers.
B)concept of the under-involved parent.
C)belief that adolescents need help managing care.
D)concept of the over-involved parent.
110
According to “Caring for Chronically Ill Kids,” in a study on asthma management, the most significant factor in whether a child's medication protocol was followed was
A)cost of the medication.
B)caregiver beliefs about asthma management.
C)severity of symptoms.
D)taste of the medication.
111
As noted in “Caring for Chronically Ill Kids,” the majority of mothers of adolescent cancer survivors reported at least one positive outcome stemming from the illness.
A)True
B)False
112
According to “The Human Child's Nature Orientation,” a major hypothesis in child development that views humanity's interaction with animals as a central force in human evolution is:
A)Social Constructivism.
B)Traditional Behaviorism.
C)Social Learning Theory.
D)Biophilia.
113
As reported in “The Human Child's Nature Orientation,” the words that toddlers use more than other, excepting mommy and daddy, are:
A)milk and cookie.
B)flower and pretty.
C)nana and papa.
D)dog and cat.
114
As noted in “The Human Child's Nature Orientation,” the best evidence for or against the caregiver-nurturance hypothesis would probably be generated by developmental investigations.
A)True
B)False





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