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1
As explained in "The New Face of Development," relatively new to the equation of what constitutes international development are all of the following elements, except:
A)political rights.
B)human security.
C)material conditions.
D)sustainable development.
2
As stated in "The New Face of Development," Western economists have always believed that the driver of development is:
A)public investment.
B)private investment.
C)public-private partnership.
D)pay-as-you-go economics.
3
As observed in "The New Face of Development," in the past 25 years, China's development has lifted a quarter of a billion people out of poverty.
A)True
B)False
4
As claimed in "How Development Leads to Democracy," democracy is most likely to thrive:
A)in Western countries.
B)under certain social and cultural conditions.
C)under U.S. occupation.
D)in newly emerging world powers.
5
As explained in "How Development Leads to Democracy," democracy is most likely to emerge as a result of:
A)war.
B)colonization.
C)capitalism.
D)modernization.
6
As noted in "How Development Leads to Democracy," democratic institutions are relatively easy to establish almost anywhere at any time.
A)True
B)False
7
As noted in "The New Population Bomb: The Four Megatrends That Will Change the World," the United Nations Population Division now projects that by 2050, global population growth will:
A)rapidly accelerate.
B)be in a "negative" pattern.
C)fulfill the 1968 prophecy of biologist Paul Ehrlich.
D)nearly halt.
8
As pointed out in "The New Population Bomb: The Four Megatrends That Will Change the World," Europeans became not only more numerous than they had been, but also considerably richer per capita than others worldwide, as a direct result of the:
A)advancement of medicine in the 19th century.
B)Baby Boom.
C)reparations following World War II.
D)Industrial Revolution.
9
According to "The New Population Bomb: The Four Megatrends That Will Change the World," over the next four decades, most of the world's population will become urbanized, something that has never before been the case.
A)True
B)False
10
As identified in "The Ideology of Development," the "high church" of Development is the:
A)New York Times.
B)World Bank.
C)Nazi Party.
D)United Nations.
11
As averred in "The Ideology of Development," the attitude of those who espouse development—being sure they know the answer, vehemently rejecting disagreement, and later changing their answers—is likened to a psychiatric diagnosis of:
A)schizophrenia.
B)bipolar disorder.
C)dissociative identity disorder.
D)borderline personality disorder.
12
As portrayed in "The Ideology of Development," the growth of China's economy is an example of the success of the Development ideology.
A)True
B)False
13
As argued in "The Case Against the West," the West has become the most powerful force in the world for:
A)solving problems.
B)creating change.
C)helping other nations prosper.
D)preventing change.
14
As detailed in "The Case Against the West," Western policies have been most harmful in:
A)the United States.
B)the Middle East.
C)Asia.
D)South America.
15
As stated in "The Case Against the West," Asian progress should be seen as a desire to dominate the West.
A)True
B)False
16
As discussed in "Industrial Revolution 2.0," the bulk of the world's foreign exchange reserves and energy resources are controlled by:
A)the United States.
B)Western Europe.
C)the emerging markets of developing countries.
D)a handful of oil-rich countries in the Middle East.
17
As explained in "Industrial Revolution 2.0," all of the following factors have contributed to the success of emerging-market multinationals, except:
A)a global mind-set.
B)disciplined ambition.
C)unconventional thinking.
D)low-cost labor.
18
As stated in "Industrial Revolution 2.0," the leading producer of household appliances in China is Hyundai.
A)True
B)False
19
As identified in "A Tiger Despite the Chains: The State of Reform in India," among all countries in the world, India ranks number one in:
A)literacy.
B)illiteracy.
C)poverty.
D)economic growth.
20
As related in "A Tiger Despite the Chains: The State of Reform in India," an information-technology-service company that began in India with an initial investment of $250 in 1981 and was worth $4 billion in 2008 is:
A)Mukesh Ambani.
B)Infosys.
C)Bharat Forge.
D)the Hero Group.
21
As disclosed in "A Tiger Despite the Chains: The State of Reform in India," farmers in many Indian states pay exorbitant electric bills.
A)True
B)False
22
As claimed in "The Poor Man's Burden," the current global economic crisis represents:
A)a temporary downturn in the world economy.
B)the end of capitalism as we know it.
C)the end of one of the greatest possibilities for prosperity ever for poor countries.
D)an opening for poor countries to move out of poverty.
23
As defined in "The Poor Man's Burden," a "Revolution from Below" refers to:
A)poor people benefiting from their government's economic growth.
B)developing countries ignoring the advice of Western economic experts.
C)a people's revolution against an oppressive government.
D)poor people taking the initiative to improve their own economic situation.
24
As presented in "The Poor Man's Burden," the "laggards" in the struggle for the Millennium Development Goals are rich countries such as the United States.
A)True
B)False
25
As noted in "Cotton the Huge Moral Issue", the reason for the current historically low price of cotton worldwide is:
A)not related to any moral issue.
B)continued subsidies in the European Union and United States.
C)because of efficiency improvements on American and European farms.
D)increased competitiveness in farming.
26
As reported in "Cotton the Huge Moral Issue", the world's largest cotton producer is:
A)Mexico.
B)Brazil.
C)the United States.
D)China.
27
As pointed out in "Cotton the Huge Moral Issue", the World Trade Organization has determined that the United States is legally required to eliminate all trade-distorting subsidies.
A)True
B)False
28
As expressed in "R.I.P., WTO," historians may someday look back on 2010 as the year the:
A)world went bankrupt.
B)United States abandoned globalization.
C)Third World gained its financial footing.
D)global trade system died.
29
As noted in "R.I.P., WTO," the WTO is headquartered in:
A)Geneva.
B)Cancun.
C)Hong Kong.
D)Potsdam.
30
As maintained in "R.I.P., WTO," the WTO, for all its failings, is a rare international organization that works as intended.
A)True
B)False
31
As stated in "Taking the Measure of Global Aid," for most of its existence, the main driving force of development aid was:
A)social.
B)geopolitical.
C)economic.
D)cultural.
32
As expressed in "Taking the Measure of Global Aid," the authors suggest forgetting about ODA and instead moving toward the new concept of:
A)nongovernmental organization.
B)global policy finance.
C)corporate tithing.
D)post-assistance domestic product.
33
As explained in "Taking the Measure of Global Aid," ODA figures include items such as grants offered to students from the developing world who study in a donor nation—provided they agree to return to their home countries to work.
A)True
B)False
34
As defined in "The New Colonialists," the term "new colonialists" refers to:
A)occupying countries.
B)settlers who have moved onto contested pieces of land.
C)countries that govern other countries from afar.
D)charities, aid agencies, and other nongovernmental organizations in struggling countries.
35
As claimed in "The New Colonialists," a major problem with the new colonialists is that their presence:
A)takes food, money, and other resources away from indigenous populations.
B)deepens the dependency of dysfunctional states on outsiders.
C)is not wanted or welcomed by the country's citizens.
D)leads to the destruction of countries that were functioning quite well on their own.
36
As noted in "The New Colonialists," most of the aid sent to developing countries goes directly to the government to use and disperse as necessary.
A)True
B)False
37
As defined in "A Few Dollars at a Time: How to Tap Consumers for Development," a new kind of aid that could fundamentally change the relationship between the rich and the poor throughout the world, a few dollars at a time, is part of a movement called:
A)subtle philanthropy.
B)infectious assistance.
C)global giving.
D)innovative financing.
38
As pointed out in "A Few Dollars at a Time: How to Tap Consumers for Development," awareness about the epidemics that rage throughout the developing world occasionally crests in the international media when there is an outbreak, as there was in the 1990s involving:
A)the Ebola virus.
B)dengue fever.
C)malaria.
D)HIV/AIDS.
39
As stated in "A Few Dollars at a Time: How to Tap Consumers for Development," the good news is that HIV/AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis are completely controllable diseases, and successful treatments are available for all three.
A)True
B)False
40
As claimed in "The Politics of Hunger," the root cause of high food prices is the:
A)world energy crisis.
B)economic growth of Asia.
C)increase in genetically modified (GM) crops.
D)drought brought on by climate change.
41
As argued in "The Politics of Hunger," those who suffer the most from high food prices are the:
A)farmers in poor countries.
B)traders in the global marketplace.
C)urban poor in developing countries.
D)middle-class in Western nations.
42
As asserted in "The Politics of Hunger," the World Food Program is the only international program not affected by increasing food prices.
A)True
B)False
43
As noted in "The Micromagic of Microcredit," the 2006 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to the "godfather of microcredit," economist:
A)Muhammad Yunus.
B)John Maynard Keynes.
C)Aneel Karnani.
D)Alan Greenspan.
44
As reported in "The Micromagic of Microcredit," a goal set upon establishing the Grameen Bank in Bangladesh was that half of the borrowers would be women, an objective that today can be critiqued by the fact that, of all the bank's borrowers, women make up:
A)12 percent.
B)50 percent.
C)64 percent.
D)95 percent.
45
As related in "The Micromagic of Microcredit," most microcredit banks charge annual interest rates of 50 to 100 percent, which is a higher rate than demanded by local moneylenders.
A)True
B)False
46
As quoted in "Many Borrowers of Microloans Now Find the Price Is Too High," Muhammad Yunus, the economist who pioneered the practice of microlending, has said that it is impossible to see the situation of poor people if we try to see it only through the glasses of:
A)the past.
B)profit-making.
C)well-meaning liberals.
D)poverty.
47
As pointed out in "Many Borrowers of Microloans Now Find the Price Is Too High," Microplace, which until recently was promoting LAPO to individual investors, is part of:
A)Planet Rating.
B)mftransparency.org.
C)CARE.
D)eBay.
48
As stated in "Many Borrowers of Microloans Now Find the Price Is Too High," it costs more to handle 10 loans of $100 than one loan of $1,000.
A)True
B)False
49
As set forth in "Haiti: A Creditor, Not a Debtor," the four main sources that have made Haiti a creditor, not a debtor, include all of the following, except:
A)the Spanish occupation.
B)dictatorship.
C)slavery.
D)climate change.
50
As noted in "Haiti: A Creditor, Not a Debtor," in 1804, Haiti won its independence from:
A)Spain.
B)the United States.
C)France.
D)Portugal.
51
As reported in "Haiti: A Creditor, Not a Debtor," in debt service alone, Haitians have been expected to pay out tens of millions every year, but the actual annual payout has been less than 10 percent of that.
A)True
B)False
52
As presented in "Fixing a Broken World," today's U.S. defense planners worry most about:
A)humanitarian crises in failing states.
B)strong, well-organized, and powerful states.
C)groups of states forming unions.
D)weak, misgoverned states and contested areas.
53
As claimed in "Fixing a Broken World," jihadists have left Iraq for other countries due to Iraq's:
A)status as a failed state.
B)increased security.
C)crumbling infrastructure.
D)internal conflicts.
54
As noted in "Fixing a Broken World," all states fail in basically the same ways.
A)True
B)False
55
As expressed in "Afghanistan's Rocky Path to Peace," highlighting the evidence of a concerted effort to end the armed conflict in Afghanistan was a conference held on January 28, 2010, in:
A)London.
B)Montreal.
C)Cairo.
D)Buenos Aires.
56
As mentioned in "Afghanistan's Rocky Path to Peace," in 2010, Afghan President Hamid Karzai announced that he would convene the traditional Afghan assembly known as:
A)a sharia session.
B)a national peace jirga.
C)Mullah.
D)Islamicon.
57
As noted in "Afghanistan's Rocky Path to Peace," the war on the Pakistani side of the border, involving drone aircraft, has been stepped up, and both the Pakistani Taliban's top leader and his replacement have been picked off in these strikes.
A)True
B)False
58
According to "A Nation on the Brink," there is a fearsome possibility that Yemen will become the first country in modern history to:
A)be completely abandoned.
B)beg for annexation.
C)disappear into the sea.
D)run out of water.
59
As reported in "A Nation on the Brink," the Saudis, suggesting that the Houthis' rebellion could turn into a proxy fight between regional powers, have made the accusation that the Houthis have been armed by:
A)Iraq.
B)Iran.
C)the United States.
D)Israel.
60
As noted in "A Nation on the Brink," Yemen's unemployment is estimated at 35 percent, higher than what the United States faced during the Great Depression.
A)True
B)False
61
As asserted in "Africa's Forever Wars," most of today's African fighters are not rebels with a cause—they are:
A)predators.
B)rebels in search of a cause.
C)a confused rabble.
D)a sophisticated military.
62
As pointed out in "Africa's Forever Wars," before he became his country's president in 1986, Yoweri Museveni was:
A)Tanzania's director of tourism.
B)Angola's diamond-smuggling rebel leader.
C)Uganda's top guerrilla.
D)Somalia's foremost religious leader.
63
As reported in "Africa's Forever Wars," the International Rescue Committee has estimated that more than 5 million have died in Congo alone since 1998.
A)True
B)False
64
According to "The Most Dangerous Place in the World," Somalia has been ripped apart by violence and thrown into anarchic chaos since:
A)al Qaeda insurgents took over the government after the U.S. invasion of Iraq.
B)Somali pirates choked off the Gulf of Aden in 2008.
C)Somalia's central government imploded in 1991.
D)a Russian cargo plane was shot down over the country in 2007.
65
As profiled in "The Most Dangerous Place in the World," Somalia could best be described as:
A)heterogeneous.
B)Christian.
C)unified.
D)clan-based.
66
As noted in "The Most Dangerous Place in the World," U.S. foreign policy with regard to Somalia has consistently failed to take into account the country's political and religious structures.
A)True
B)False
67
According to "Africa's New Horror," the looming crisis in the Sudan is:
A)a pandemic in Darfur.
B)South Sudan declaring independence.
C)increased violence by Islamic fundamentalists.
D)war with Egypt.
68
According to "Behind Iran's Crackdown, an Economic Coup," the Iranian government's excessive subsidies and handouts have made Iran dependent on:
A)foreign oil.
B)agricultural imports.
C)a Mafia-like subculture.
D)unstable allies.
69
As noted in "Behind Iran's Crackdown, an Economic Coup," one major change since the 1979 Islamic Revolution has been the expanding role of bonyads, which are:
A)technology institutes.
B)religious foundations.
C)foreign investors.
D)financial institutions.
70
As stated in "Behind Iran's Crackdown, an Economic Coup," there are many reasons for Iran's high inflation and unemployment, but mismanagement on the part of the government is the least of them.
A)True
B)False
71
As presented in "Mexico's Drug Wars Get Brutal," drug-related violence has intensified in Mexico recently as a result of the:
A)U.S. "war on drugs."
B)eradication of Mexican opium and marijuana crops.
C)Mexican government's new "live and let live" policy between the government and drug cartels.
D)Mexican government's crackdown on drug cartels.
72
As claimed in "Mexico's Drug Wars Get Brutal," the increase in drug-related violence in Mexico coincided with the:
A)election of Vicente Fox as president.
B)murder of a U.S. drug enforcement officer.
C)demise of the Colombian drug cartels.
D)arrest of Mexico's drug czar on drug-trafficking charges.
73
As stated in "Mexico's Drug Wars Get Brutal," the arrest of some drug-cartel leaders has served to curb both drug distribution and drug-related violence in Mexico.
A)True
B)False
74
As reported in "Call in the Blue Helmets," the Sudanese government grudgingly allowed the presence of a "hybrid" peacekeeping force, made up of personnel from:
A)the United Nations and the African Union.
B)the Russian Army and the U.S. National Guard.
C)Liberia and Kenya.
D)NATO and the Revolutionary United Front.
75
As noted in "Call in the Blue Helmets," Darfur's proximity to the nearest harbor is about:
A)2 miles.
B)58 miles.
C)324 miles.
D)870 miles
76
According to "Call in the Blue Helmets," the number of soldiers and military observers deployed by the UN throughout the world has almost doubled since 1998.
A)True
B)False
77
As mentioned in "Crying for Freedom," Arch Puddington, a veteran American campaigner for civil and political rights around the world, is the research director for:
A)Great Leap Forward.
B)Freedom House.
C)Google.
D)the State Fragility Index.
78
As cited in "Crying for Freedom," British reporter Humphrey Hawksley has written Democracy Kills, a book subtitled:
A)Where's the Justice?
B)Why Fight for Freedom?
C)Whose Idea Was This Anyway?
D)What's So Good About the Vote?
79
As expressed in "Crying for Freedom," there are limits as to how much an Islamic republic and a communist state can have in common, but they seem to agree on what to avoid: Western-style freedom.
A)True
B)False
80
As discussed in "In Sri Lanka, the Triumph of Vulgar Patriotism," in January 2010, Mahinda Rajapaksa was re-elected president of Sri Lanka when he defeated former army commander:
A)Sarath Fonseka
B)King Dutugemunu.
C)Idi Amin.
D)Nira Wickramasinghe.
81
As spelled out in "In Sri Lanka, the Triumph of Vulgar Patriotism," the Tamil Tigers were formed in 1972 as the New Tamil Tigers, and in 1976 they were renamed as the:
A)Freedom Tigers of Kilinochchi.
B)Supreme Tamil Tigers.
C)Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam.
D)Tamil Fighting Tigers.
82
According to "In Sri Lanka, the Triumph of Vulgar Patriotism," when the Tamil Tigers and Sri Lankan government forces renewed their military conflict in 2006, Rajapaksa's "war to eliminate terrorism" earned considerable international condemnation.
A)True
B)False
83
As profiled in "Bring Me My Machine Gun," South African presidential candidate Jacob Zuma is a:
A)member of the educated South African elite.
B)young and inexperienced political hopeful.
C)self-educated "farm boy" who revels in his tribal roots.
D)career politician from an established political family.
84
As defined in "Bring Me My Machine Gun," "Big Men" are men who rose to power through:
A)bribery and corruption.
B)political connections.
C)outside influences.
D)revolutionary promises and actions.
85
As noted in "Bring Me My Machine Gun," the lack of controversy in Zuma's background places him above reproach, even in the eyes of his opposition.
A)True
B)False
86
According to "Free at Last?," the major change that is taking place in the Arab world at the beginning of the twenty-first century is that:
A)European powers are now dominating what were once independent Arab lands.
B)the United States has become involved in Arab affairs.
C)Arab countries are becoming independent of outside rule and influence.
D)Arab countries are finally beginning to ask for help from Western nations.
87
As claimed in "Free at Last?," many in the Arab world see the United States as a:
A)benevolent benefactor attempting to help them.
B)meddling imperialist state.
C)global partner and equal.
D)model on which to base their own society.
88
As noted in "Free at Last?," pan-Arabism is a major goal for the new Arab world.
A)True
B)False
89
As maintained in "'Moderates' Redefined: How to Deal with Political Islam," religious-nationalist ideology is driving Islamic politics at the state level in most Muslim states, but particularly in:
A)Nigeria.
B)India.
C)Indonesia.
D)the greater Middle East.
90
As identified in "'Moderates' Redefined: How to Deal with Political Islam," the Islamic ideology of "resistance" is known as:
A)yufti.
B)muqawama.
C)sharia.
D)jihad.
91
As reported in "'Moderates' Redefined: How to Deal with Political Islam," the good news about Afghanistan is that the fire-fight is becoming less bloody and the Taliban are weakening.
A)True
B)False
92
Islamic parties, as reported in "The Islamists Are Not Coming," have won recent political victories in all of the following except:
A)Turkey.
B)Palestine.
C)Cyprus.
D)Egypt.
93
According to "The Islamists Are Not Coming," the Egyptian jihadist Ayman al-Zawahiri compared the claim that one could be a Muslim democrat with the claim that one could be a:
A)Jewish Muslim.
B)dog and a politician.
C)liberal dictator.
D)Christian jihadist.
94
Even when they do not win elections, as pointed out in "The Islamists Are Not Coming," Islamic parties are often liberalized by the electoral process.
A)True
B)False
95
The first strategic turn in Hamas, as described in "The Transformation of Hamas," occurred in 2005 when the organization:
A)agreed to a cease-fire with Fatah.
B)decided to participate in legislative elections.
C)stopped providing funding to al-Qaeda.
D)requested recognition as a non-governmental organization from the United Nations.
96
Moderates in Hamas, as explained in "The Transformation of Hamas," justify their policy shift towards Israel with:
A)their use of Islamic terms.
B)an explanation of their pragmatism.
C)claims of the greater good of humanity.
D)a claim that the Muslim faith is stronger than all others and should be generous.
97
Hamas, as noted in "The Transformation of Hamas," is willing to alienate its social base in order to address the concerns of Western powers.
A)True
B)False
98
The roots of the diminishing U.S. presence in Latin America, as put forth in "Adios, Monroe Doctrine," can be found in:
A)growing anti-immigrant sentiment in the United States.
B)the worldwide recession.
C)the failure of the drug war.
D)the end of the cold war.
99
During the administrations of Bill Clinton and George W. Bush, as pointed out in "Adios, Monroe Doctrine," U.S. policy towards Latin America was focused in the realm of:
A)economic policy.
B)security issues.
C)diplomatic relationship-building.
D)cultural exchange.
100
According to "Adios, Monroe Doctrine," for the first time in centuries, the United States does not seem to care much about what happens in Latin America.
A)True
B)False
101
The central goal of Latin American countries in redesigning their constitutions in the 1980s and 1990s, as explained in "The Return of Continuismo?" was to:
A)lessen U.S. interference in domestic policies.
B)comply with international norms and expectations.
C)assure military subordination to elected civilian leaders.
D)codify legal precedents and ensure civil rights.
102
After Hugo Chavez' initial victory, as mentioned in "The Return of Continuismo?" Venezuela undertook a series of referendums and elections designed to:
A)address issues of corruption among government officials.
B)center politics around the president's relationship with voters.
C)increase the economic prospects of the working class.
D)enhance Venezuela's diplomatic and military role in the region.
103
The practice of altering the constitution to change restrictions on presidential term limits in Latin America, as pointed out in "The Return of Continuismo?", has occurred exclusively among leftist governments.
A)True
B)False
104
The six-year economic boom in Latin America that preceded the current recession, as explained in "Perilous Times for Latin America," was driven largely by:
A)local manufacturing.
B)agricultural exports.
C)outsourced service jobs.
D)China's need for natural resources.
105
The crux of Latin America's economic problems, as maintained in "Perilous Times for Latin America," is that their economies are:
A)overly dependent on exports out of the region.
B)entirely interconnected.
C)notoriously under-taxed.
D)primarily driven by agriculture.
106
In general, as described in "Perilous Times for Latin America," Latin America and the Caribbean form a homogeneous group with identical problems and ideologies.
A)True
B)False
107
According to "Is a Green World a Safer World?", a new climate and energy bill passed by the House of Representatives contains provisions for erecting trade barriers to countries that:
A)actively pursue nuclear energy.
B)refuse to accept U.S. exports of green technologies.
C)are unwilling to engage in resource-reduction measures and forms of recycling.
D)refuse to adopt measures to limit emissions.
108
The current renaissance in nuclear energy, as explained in "Is a Green World a Safer World?", is concentrated in:
A)northern Europe.
B)China.
C)the developing world.
D)the United States.
109
Twenty years from now, as predicted in "Is a Green World a Safer World?" the world will still be getting at least three quarters of its energy from oil, coal, and natural gas.
A)True
B)False
110
According to "The Last Straw," one of the greatest potential new threats to Pakistan's stability could come from:
A)expected large-scale earthquakes.
B)civil war in Kashmir.
C)the melting of the Himalaya glaciers.
D)the rise of terrorist groups in India.
111
So far, as described in "The Last Straw," there have been no attempts to place dams on the Indus River in Kashmir to increase Pakistan's water security because:
A)India will not allow it.
B)Pakistan fears these dams could be used as weapons in case of war with India.
C)Pakistan lacks the funding and building skill to undertake such a project.
D)thousands of people, both Indian and Pakistani, would lose their homes.
112
The Indus Waters Treaty, as pointed out in "The Last Straw," has survived nearly 50 years and three wars between India and Pakistan.
A)True
B)False
113
In the spring of 2008, as put forth in "The World's Water Challenge," the international community failed to predict all of the following related to water scarcity except:
A)a spike in food prices.
B)serious droughts affecting key regions of the world.
C)migration patterns related to famine.
D)a rise in energy prices.
114
More than half of the water suitable for human consumption, as described in "The World's Water Challenge," is used for:
A)agriculture.
B)power generation.
C)industry.
D)domestic purposes.
115
Of the 1.8 million people who lose their lives due to unsafe water each year, as noted in "The World's Water Challenge," almost half of them are children.
A)True
B)False
116
According to "Water Warriors," Latin America has one of the lowest per capita allocations of water in the world for all of the following reasons, except:
A)deep class inequities.
B)polluted surface waters.
C)a lack of water resources.
D)water privatization.
117
As disclosed in "Water Warriors," the multinational corporation Suez is trying to recoup $1.7 billion in "investment" and up to $33 million in unpaid water bills at the ICSID with the backing of:
A)the French government.
B)Argentine nationals.
C)the World Bank.
D)the Inter-American Development Bank.
118
As pointed out in "Water Warriors," Rio de la Plata, a river known for 500 years as Mar Dulce ("Sweet Sea") is today famous for being so contaminated that its pollution can be seen from space.
A)True
B)False
119
According to "Soot from Third-World Stoves Is New Target in Climate Fight," the term "black carbon" refers to:
A)carbon dioxide emissions from cars.
B)fuel used for cooking in developing countries.
C)soot from the smoke of mud cooking stoves.
D)heat-trapping gasses that contribute to global warming.
120
As reported in "Soot from Third-World Stoves Is New Target in Climate Fight," a simple stopgap measure for reducing black carbon production in developing countries is to:
A)replace primitive cooking stoves with modern versions.
B)prevent the use of automobiles in third-world villages.
C)replace twigs and dung used as burning materials with coal.
D)modernize village huts with additional windows and air vents.
121
As noted in "Soot from Third-World Stoves Is New Target in Climate Fight," decreasing black carbon could have a rapid positive effect on climate change.
A)True
B)False
122
As noted in "Population, Human Resources, Health, and the Environment," an idea ahead of its time in the late 1980s was the idea of:
A)zero population growth.
B)universal religious tolerance.
C)ecologically sustainable development.
D)anti-terrorism preparedness.
123
As identified in "Population, Human Resources, Health, and the Environment," the view that economic development occurs in five basic stages from "traditional society" to "age of high mass consumption" is the:
A)orthodox Rostovian view.
B)modern humanistic view.
C)hard-line globalistic view.
D)socio-environmental view.
124
As disclosed in "Population, Human Resources, Health, and the Environment," the First Assessment Report of the IPCC, released in 1991, contained only passing reference to how climate change would affect human health.
A)True
B)False
125
According to "Reversal of Fortune", the leading culprit that pushes people into poverty is:
A)drought.
B)natural disasters.
C)substance abuse.
D)poor healthcare.
126
As noted in "Reversal of Fortune", the area with the highest percentage of people moving out of poverty was in the communities studied in:
A)South Africa.
B)Kenya.
C)Uganda.
D)India.
127
As reported in "Reversal of Fortune", in many of the areas the author studied, more people were falling into poverty than were climbing out of it.
A)True
B)False
128
Although women in Pakistan are frequently not allowed to leave their homes without their husband's permission, as explained in "Half the Sky," they are often permitted to attend meetings of microfinance organizations because the meetings:
A)increase women's loyalty to their homes.
B)are attended only by women.
C)provide women with cash and investment ideas.
D)give the men status within their communities.
129
According to "The Women's Crusade," the country with the most people working in slavery today is:
A)China.
B)Nigeria.
C)Mexico.
D)India.
130
Traditionally, as pointed out in "The Women's Crusade," human rights groups and others have seen the status of women as a worthy cause, but marginal compared to other issues.
A)True
B)False
131
In many Asian societies, as maintained in "Gendercide," unmarried young men are treated as:
A)favorite uncles.
B)defective.
C)outlaws.
D)potentially devoted businessmen.
132
According to "Gendercide," one Asian nation that has reversed the trend of missing women is:
A)China.
B)India.
C)Bangladesh.
D)South Korea.
133
Naturally, as noted in "Gendercide," more girls are born than boys, to compensate for different infant susceptibilities.
A)True
B)False
134
As brought out in "Women in Developing Countries 300 Times More Likely to Die in Childbirth," reducing the death toll among mothers and their newborns requires medical intervention and:
A)a change in culture among men.
B)international intervention in less-developed countries.
C)better education of girls and women.
D)access to birth-control services.
135
According to "Educating Girls, Unlocking Development", research indicates that completion of primary school is strongly associated with:
A)earlier age of marriage.
B)earlier age of first birth.
C)higher lifetime fertility.
D)improved lifetime earnings.
136
As pointed out in "Educating Girls, Unlocking Development", the worst shortfalls in primary education are in Africa and:
A)South Asia.
B)Central America.
C)Central Europe.
D)South America.
137
As stated in "Educating Girls, Unlocking Development", increasing mothers' schooling cuts expected infant mortality rate.
A)True
B)False
138
The rape of girls and women in situations of violent conflict, as described in "Girls in War, is often seen as:
A)the result of general lawlessness.
B)a means of rewarding male soldiers.
C)the transgression of a few combatants.
D)a military strategy to terrorize the population.
139
Some girls are abducted into fighting forces, as pointed out in "Girls in War," where they are forced into the dual role of child soldier and:
A)sex slave.
B)domestic slave.
C)hostage.
D)bargaining chip.
140
In recent years, as mentioned in "Girls in War," the number of children who are the victims of direct violence has declined somewhat.
A)True
B)False
141
UN Security Council Resolution 1325, as presented in "Remember the Women?", states that real conflict resolution, reconstruction, and lasting peace cannot be achieved in Afghanistan without:
A)help and support from the international community.
B)the full participation of women every step of the way.
C)free and fair elections open to all adults.
D)greater religious and personal freedoms.
142
In Afghanistan today, as maintained in "Remember the Women?", mullahs and judges have retained the power to decide what rights women have, and these judgments are generally influenced by all of the following except:
A)the bribes they receive.
B)their own poor education.
C)tribal customary laws.
D)a few law courses they may have taken in European universities.
143
In spite of all of the talk about women's rights in Afghanistan, as asserted in "Remember the Women?", in practice these new rights have been illusory.
A)True
B)False
144
Women are generally recognized as more vulnerable to climate change than men, as presented in "Women in the Shadow of Climate Change," because they:
A)are proportionally more dependent on threatened natural resources.
B)tend to be more susceptible to diseases arising from unsafe water.
C)are often the last to receive necessary medical care in impoverished countries.
D)can be left behind when men migrate elsewhere in response to droughts and other adverse conditions.
145
During natural disasters, as reported in "Women in the Shadow of Climate Change," more women than men die as a result of all of the following except that they:
A)cannot swim.
B)are not adequately warned.
C)stay behind to assist the elderly.
D)cannot leave the house alone.
146
During extreme weather such as droughts and floods, as noted in "Women in the Shadow of Climate Change," women often work less than in more temperate periods.
A)True
B)False
147
As presented in "Recession Hits Women in Developing Countries," on International Women's Day in 2009, the issue foremost in women's minds was the:
A)worldwide struggle to achieve equal rights.
B)accomplishments made by women throughout history.
C)goal of worldwide peace.
D)global recession.
148
As claimed in "Recession Hits Women in Developing Countries," the key factor in lifting women out of poverty is:
A)gainful employment.
B)the "shadow" economy.
C)education.
D)health insurance.
149
As noted in "Recession Hits Women in Developing Countries," today's wages are virtually equal for women and men overall.
A)True
B)False
150
According to "Women's Rights as Human Rights," women have historically been subjected to more human rights violations than men because:
A)women have never raised objections to these violations.
B)most women do not want the same rights that men have.
C)all civilizations have been patriarchal.
D)the sexes are inherently unequal.
151
As reported in "Women's Rights as Human Rights," the earliest internationally adopted document to specifically and separately address the rights of women was the:
A)Declaration of the Rights of Woman.
B)French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen.
C)Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
D)Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW).
152
As noted in "Women's Rights as Human Rights," the United Nations' declaration of International Women's Year was mostly for show and did little to advance the cause of women's rights.
A)True
B)False





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