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1
According to "The Big Questions in Geography," public interaction with the geographic approaches to addressing natural and technological hazards takes place through the media of:
A)television.
B)accounting.
C)mapping.
D)disciplinary research.
2
As noted in "The Big Questions in Geography," the dominant characteristic of both the natural world and the human world is:
A)variability.
B)uniformity.
C)adaptability.
D)patterns.
3
As suggested in "The Big Questions in Geography," geographic thinking is a primary component of the investigation of global warming.
A)True
B)False
4
The author of "Rediscovering the Importance of Geography" states that the _biggest_ current challenge in the field of geography is probably:
A)finding jobs for the increasing numbers of students awarded degrees in the subject.
B)establishing more geography departments at the university level.
C)encouraging scholars in other fields to turn to geographers for help with their concerns.
D)overcoming the public's view of geography as an exercise in place-name recognition.
5
According to "Rediscovering the Importance of Geography," the thing that unites the work of geographers working on different issues is their focus on:
A)the functioning of political systems.
B)the shifting organization and character of the earth's surface.
C)patterns of human interaction.
D)human alteration of the environment.
6
From the 1960s through the 1980s, as noted in "Rediscovering the Importance of Geography," most U.S. academics considered geography a crucially important discipline.
A)True
B)False
7
According to "The Four Traditions of Geography," the dominant field in the study of geography is:
A)area studies.
B)earth science.
C)a blend of all four traditions.
D)man/land.
8
The area-studies tradition described in "The Four Traditions of Geography" has all of the following advantages _except_ that it:
A)helps to characterize the nature of places.
B)regularizes location of places.
C)helps show that geography can be an unspecialized field.
D)is easily understood within academic communities in the United States.
9
According to "The Four Traditions of Geography," Hippocrates's theories set forth in his essay "On Airs, Waters and Places" led to the view that historical events are a result of the environment.
A)True
B)False
10
According to "The Power of Place," an understanding of how they are connected to a particular place enables individuals to:
A)successfully make the transition to adulthood.
B)live well anywhere.
C)understand their own goals in life.
D)understand other people with different experiences.
11
Place-based education is described in "The Power of Place" in the context of:
A)science classes.
B)civics classes.
C)language arts.
D)history classes.
12
Place-based education, as maintained in "The Power of Place," is especially important to rural schools, which are now disappearing as a result of population declines and school consolidations.
A)True
B)False
13
As professionals, as maintained in "The Changing Landscape of Fear," geographers will fail in their social responsibility if they continue to think of geography as:
A)static and finite.
B)concerned only with natural phenomenon.
C)irreparably altered by human influence.
D)an end in itself.
14
An important indicator of public-activity patterns changing in the weeks and months following September 11, 2001, as pointed out in "The Changing Landscape of Fear," was the:
A)reduction in air travel.
B)rise in energy costs.
C)growing number of emergency kits purchased.
D)distrust of government reports.
15
The geography research community, as noted in "The Changing Landscape of Fear," is now sufficiently organized to develop a sustained and theoretically informed research agenda on the geographical dimensions of terrorism.
A)True
B)False
16
In addition to the outpouring of aid in the wake of the 2004 tsunami, as explained in "Watching Over the World's Oceans," there has also been a push from interested nations to:
A)increase economic development in the area.
B)strengthen diplomatic ties to the region.
C)build a tsunami warning system in the Indian Ocean.
D)rebuild the tourist trade as quickly as possible.
17
As maintained in "Watching Over the World's Oceans," a better plan than the one to create a warning system for tsunamis in the Indian Ocean would also warn about ocean-related disasters such as:
A)typhoons.
B)storm surges.
C)hurricanes.
D)floods.
18
Although the December 2004 tsunami that struck Indonesia and other countries around the Indian Ocean was a natural catastrophe, as pointed out in "Watching Over the World's Oceans," much of the death and destruction that followed was the result of the failure of human institutions.
A)True
B)False
19
As described in "After Apartheid," residents of the township of Langa reacted to the tourists coming into their neighborhoods by:
A)setting up toll booths.
B)opening new restaurants.
C)offering their own walking tours.
D)increasing the police presence.
20
Apart from providing recreation, as explained in "After Apartheid," during apartheid the shebeens of South Africa also provided:
A)a place for the revolutionaries to meet.
B)basic health care.
C)protection from the police.
D)small loans to local residents.
21
Today in South Africa, as noted in "After Apartheid," in contrast to the days of apartheid, whites are often the last in line for the best jobs and government favors.
A)True
B)False
22
The Nature Conservancy, as given in "The Race to Save a Rainforest," has had an impact on Indonesian logging practices by:
A)moving villagers from the forested areas.
B)forging agreements with companies to follow sustainable logging.
C)buying small logging companies.
D)calling for a moratorium on logging in Indonesia.
23
As maintained in "The Race to Save a Rainforest," environmental groups have pressured Indonesian logging companies by:
A)appealing to the United Nations for sanctions against the loggers.
B)organizing street demonstrations against the Indonesian government.
C)suing the companies for crimes against the environment.
D)campaigning for boycotts of products from companies that do not follow sustainable practices.
24
As noted in "The Race to Save a Rainforest," most Indonesian logging companies now follow environmentally sound forest-management practices.
A)True
B)False
25
In an effort to take a stand against global warming, as described in "Global Warming," New York Attorney General Eliot Spitzer and lawyers from seven other states filed lawsuits citing emission of greenhouse gases against:
A)the federal government.
B)the largest utility companies.
C)outdated manufacturing firms.
D)major trucking companies.
26
The Bush Administration and Congress, as cited in "Global Warming," claim that the basis for their rejection of the Kyoto Protocol was its:
A)short time for implementation.
B)failure to allow for carbon trading.
C)design during an earlier administration.
D)failure to include restrictions on developing nations.
27
Today, as noted in "Global Warming," scientists interested in the matter are in universal agreement about the threat of global warming.
A)True
B)False
28
According to "Environmental Enemy No. 1," the biggest source of environmental pollution is the way the public uses:
A)solar power.
B)fossil fuels.
C)trade and capitalism.
D)wind power.
29
In poor countries, as noted in "Environmental Enemy No. 1," one of the leading preventable causes of death is:
A)auto accidents.
B)heart attacks.
C)cancer.
D)air pollution.
30
Unless the rich world intervenes, as suggested in "Environmental Enemy No. 1," many poor countries' energy plants will burn coal in a dirty way.
A)True
B)False
31
Environmental problems in China, as explained in "A Great Wall of Waste," have often been overlooked in the government's efforts to:
A)appeal to foreign investors.
B)raise millions of people out of poverty.
C)produce the products desired by the growing middle class.
D)join the international community.
32
In Guangdong province of China, as described in "A Great Wall of Waste," the water in local villages has been polluted with exceptionally high levels of:
A)mercury.
B)arsenic.
C)particulate matter.
D)lead.
33
It is difficult to gain an accurate picture of the environmental situation in China, as pointed out in "A Great Wall of Waste," as rapid progress and experimentation in some areas are counterbalanced by bureaucratic rigidity and stagnation in others.
A)True
B)False
34
Utility companies in the Ninth District are beginning to turn to coal as a source of power for the future in response to increasing energy demands and:
A)the high cost of natural gas.
B)protests over proposed nuclear facilities.
C)recent discoveries of coal in the area.
D)the failure of alternative energy sources such as wind and solar power.
35
According to "The New Coal Rush," the state with the largest coal reserves is:
A)Kentucy.
B)Washington.
C)Wisconsin.
D)Montana.
36
Many of the remote rural towns of the Ninth District, as explained in "The New Coal Rush," would welcome the coal industry for the economic advantages it would bring.
A)True
B)False
37
Business areas in which India is having its biggest impact, as reported in "The Rise of India," include all of the following _except:_
A)software.
B)call centers.
C)IT consulting.
D)insurance adjustment.
38
The biggest cause of recent U.S. job losses, as pointed out in "The Rise of India," has been:
A)outsourcing to China.
B)the U.S. economic downturn.
C)corporate scandals.
D)growing productivity and efficiency.
39
According to "The Rise of India," in order to keep its business edge, the United States must increase software productivity through more research investment and increased science education.
A)True
B)False
40
The Kashmir Valley, as identified in "Between the Mountains," is:
A)indefensible.
B)subject to drought.
C)sumptuously fertile.
D)replete with gold mines.
41
As profiled in "Between the Mountains," most of Kashmir's 12 million people are:
A)migrating to the Pakistani borders.
B)concentrated in Indian-held territories.
C)Buddhists.
D)given no civil rights.
42
As noted in "Between the Mountains," today there are few routes that connect Azad Kashmir with Pakistan proper.
A)True
B)False
43
According to "A Dragon with Core Values," all of the following are Hong Kong's disadvantages in the battle for primacy as China's economic leader, _except_:
A)an arbitrary legal system.
B)a property-market slump.
C)immigration restrictions.
D)physical separation from the mainland.
44
As noted in "A Dragon with Core Values," the dragon is an ancient Chinese metaphor for:
A)harmony.
B)sensuality.
C)finance.
D)energy.
45
As claimed in "A Dragon with Core Values," Hong Kong does not have to look as far as Shanghai to find competition.
A)True
B)False
46
The BTC pipeline, as explained in "Where Business Meets Geopolitics," will carry transport oil originating in:
A)Russia.
B)Turkey.
C)Azerbaijan.
D)Georgia.
47
The consortium to build the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan (BTC) pipeline, as reported in "Where Business Meets Geopolitics," was led by a company from:
A)Turkey.
B)France.
C)Ukraine.
D)Great Britain.
48
The U.S. Energy Information Administration, as noted in "Where Business Meets Geopolitics," believes there is far more oil and natural gas in the Caspian region than was originally estimated.
A)True
B)False
49
The Organization for Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC), as explained in "Oil Over Troubled Water," was originally created by a leader of:
A)Russia.
B)Ukraine.
C)Bulgaria.
D)Turkey.
50
The United States, as described in "Oil Over Troubled Water," has taken the lead in lobbying for the construction of oil pipelines that bypass Russia, in an effort to prevent Russia from:
A)allowing control of the pipelines to fall into the hands of corrupt businessmen.
B)using oil as a political weapon.
C)pressuring its neighbors to produce less oil.
D)making alliances with countries of which the United States disapproves.
51
Rather than the United States, as pointed out in "Oil Over Troubled Water," European consumers will be the ones to benefit the most from the emerging oil delivery systems around the Black Sea.
A)True
B)False
52
Most of the Hispanics in the United States today, as explained in "Central Washington's Emerging Hispanic Landscape," are of:
A)Cuban descent.
B)Colombian descent.
C)Honduran descent.
D)Mexican descent.
53
Irrigation of the Columbia Basin in Washington state, as described in "Central Washington's Emerging Hispanic Landscape," led to the establishment of farming all of the following crops _except:_
A)mint.
B)fruit.
C)corn.
D)hops.
54
During the 1980s, as cited in "Central Washington's Emerging Hispanic Landscape," Central Washington's white population increased at an even faster rate than the Hispanic population.
A)True
B)False
55
As maintained in "Drying Up," China's water supplies have fallen to dangerously low levels for all of the following reasons _except:_
A)decades of pollution.
B)failed reservoir technology.
C)rising demand.
D)drought.
56
The fastest growing state in the United States, as reported in "Living with the Desert," is:
A)Nevada.
B)California.
C)New Mexico.
D)Utah.
57
One of the main reasons for the decline of the pygmy owl in Arizona, as explained in "Living with the Desert," is:
A)motor vehicle collisions.
B)an uprooting of their nesting areas.
C)predation by house cats.
D)noise pollution from shopping malls.
58
Many of the new arrivals in desert states, as noted in "Living with the Desert," at first purchase houses that are pre-landscaped with lawns and plants that require unsustainable amounts of water to maintain.
A)True
B)False
59
As explained in "Deep Blue Thoughts," the "Freedom of the Seas" concept holds that:
A)nations should be free from attack at sea.
B)the resources of the high seas are open to all states.
C)no one country can be allowed to dominate the fishing of a single species.
D)international organizations have no authority over ocean waters.
60
Orange roughy found near New Zealand, as presented in "Deep Blue Thoughts," are in sharp decline due to overfishing, whereas 40 years ago they were protected because:
A)they were in inaccessibly deep water.
B)the people of New Zealand did not want to eat them.
C)they had few predators.
D)they were considered a national symbol.
61
Part of the reason for the decline in ocean life, as noted in "Deep Blue Thoughts," is that hunters in the sea use less refined instruments than those on land, resulting in many fish and other sea life caught unintentionally.
A)True
B)False
62
As elaborated upon in "An Inner-City Renaissance," after decades of flight out of inner cities, companies have begun to see them:
A)purely in negative terms.
B)as having very limited profit potential.
C)as juicy investment opportunities.
D)as a prime source of educated employees.
63
As commented upon in "An Inner-City Renaissance," in the 1990s, after half a century of relentless inner-city decline:
A)many of America's blighted inner cities began to improve.
B)crime forced inner cities to remove some of their long-term residents.
C)taxes caught up with the politicians of the inner cities.
D)schools were built in massive numbers.
64
Wall Street, as described in "An Inner-City Renaissance," is now making loans and putting up equity for local entrepreneurs in the inner cities.
A)True
B)False
65
The U.S. Department of Labor, as reported in "Mapping Opportunities," has identified all of the following as important emerging and evolving fields _except:_
A)geotechnology.
B)biotechnology.
C)thermotechnology.
D)nanotechnology.
66
One of the most important factors driving the U.S. job market for specialists in GIS, as cited in "Mapping Opportunities," is the:
A)new emphasis on space exploration.
B)new demand for homeland security.
C)quest for new sources of energy.
D)desire to better track weather systems.
67
Traditionally, as noted in "Mapping Opportunities," the private sector has not offered too many jobs for professional geographers.
A)True
B)False
68
Some of the drivers motivating asset management, as put forth in "Geospatial Asset Management Solutions," include all of the following _except:_
A)corporate expansion.
B)compliance with various environmental laws and regulations.
C)prevention of massive infrastructure failures.
D)homeland-security concerns.
69
Examples of asset-intensive organizations, as explained in "Geospatial Asset Management Solutions," include:
A)non-profit charities.
B)manufacturing firms.
C)public-works departments.
D)public-school systems.
70
Most of the obstacles encountered in developing an integrated GIS and AMS database, as cautioned in "Geospatial Asset Management Solutions," will require significant risk-taking to overcome.
A)True
B)False
71
According to "Internet GIS: Power to the People!" the Internet GIS application is used as an environmental assessment (EA) for a proposed runway extension at the Erie International Airport in:
A)Ohio.
B)New Jersey.
C)Pennsylvania.
D)Massachusetts.
72
As noted in "Internet GIS: Power to the People!" a primary focus of the proposed extension is:
A)economic feasibility issues.
B)safety issues.
C)political issues.
D)fairness issues.
73
As claimed in "Internet GIS: Power to the People!" the project's Internet GIS requires prior GIS knowledge.
A)True
B)False
74
An example of "designer" imagery sensors that will become more and more popular over the next decade, as predicted in "The Future of Imagery and GIS," are those currently under development that will:
A)map individual real-estate holdings.
B)detect very small wildfires.
C)provide business security.
D)track traffic problems.
75
Although surveyors as a group may feel threatened by advances in imaging technology, as maintained in "The Future of Imagery and GIS," they will always have an upper hand in that they:
A)control the client base.
B)can imagine new uses for technology.
C)will always be in demand for smaller jobs.
D)have the legal authority to interpret and use collected data.
76
Right now, as put forth in "The Future of Imagery and GIS," both airborne and satellite imaging technologies receive equal government funding.
A)True
B)False
77
As stated in "Calling All Nations," the growth in international calling since the early 1990s illustrates the:
A)extent of reverse migration from the United States.
B)economic importance of Africa.
C)startling pace of globalization.
D)economic power of U.S. teenagers.
78
As given in "Mapping the Nature of Diversity," the earliest human footprints found in Middle America appeared to be more than:
A)1,000 years old.
B)7,000 years old.
C)18,000 years old.
D)50,000 years old.
79
As pointed out in "Mapping the Nature of Diversity," even if ancient maps were painstakingly accurate:
A)they heavily reflected the interests of those who paid to have them made.
B)modern data reveals their lack of significance.
C)manmade maps are worthless.
D)explorers managed better without them.
80
As suggested in "Mapping the Nature of Diversity," in the past, the kind of data available to demonstrate the correlation of cultural diversity and biological diversity on a regional or global basis has been fairly broad-brush.
A)True
B)False
81
As noted in "Fortune Teller," Richard Harrison in his unorthodox maps was trying to show:
A)truth, not convention.
B)minimalist political nuance.
C)navigation aids more clearly.
D)cultural diversities.
82
As presented in "Fortune Teller," in September 1940, the truth the particular maps revealed:
A)involved geographic differentials explicitly.
B)border regions in a defined manner.
C)was far more ominous than refreshing.
D)could not be understood.
83
World War II, as mentioned in "Fortune Teller," was a war that demanded entirely new maps and new ways of seeing the world.
A)True
B)False
84
The road known as BR-163, as explained in "Asphalt and the Jungle," was opened 30 years ago as a means of:
A)encouraging eco-tourism in the rainforest.
B)transporting goods from one end of the forest to the other.
C)facilitating large-scale logging programs.
D)encouraging settlement within the forest.
85
The main supporters of the plan to pave BR-163, as maintained in "Asphalt and the Jungle," are:
A)residents along the road.
B)international corporations looking for investment opportunities.
C)business interests at either end of the road.
D)government officials who believe this will make policing the forest more practical.
86
Accomplishing the paving of BR-163 with a minimum of environmental damage, as noted in "Asphalt and the Jungle," has become an international project, involving NGOs, multinationals, and grass-roots groups along with all levels of the Brazilian government.
A)True
B)False
87
People living in Managua, Nicaragua, as related in "A City of 2 Million Without a Map," have devised novel directions for navigating around the city because the city's grid-like street system was devastated by:
A)a ruinous civil war.
B)years of floods.
C)a severe earthquake.
D)volcanic eruptions.
88
As remarked upon in "The Longest Journey," freeing migration could enrich humanity even more than freeing trade, but only if:
A)the social and political costs were contained.
B)international wars were limited.
C)armies were tightly controlled.
D)all nations disarmed.
89
As related in "The Longest Journey," although many more immigrants arrive legally than hidden in trucks or boats:
A)criminality is never examined.
B)voters are concerned that governments have lost control of who enters their country.
C)terrorism is still around us.
D)statistics are not valued in the polling place.
90
As set out in "The Longest Journey," it is always possible to separate the globalization of trade and capital from the global movement of people
A)true
B)False
91
One reason the Chinese government is now taking steps to address the problem of HIV, as pointed out in "China's Secret Plague," is a reaction to the slow response it previously made to the:
A)abnormally low number of girls born under the one child policy.
B)SARS epidemic.
C)prevalence of antibiotic-resistant infections.
D)declining age expectancy.
92
In return for setting up a pilot drug treatment program in Kunming, as presented in "China's Secret Plague," Dr. Ho was able to gain access to:
A)top government officials.
B)records of past HIV treatments.
C)blood samples from HIV patients.
D)birth and death records.
93
The vast majority of HIV-positive Chinese, as stated in "China's Secret Plague," do not have access to the sophisticated antiretroviral medications and monitoring available to U.S. patients and must instead make do with drugs that can treat only the side effects of the disease.
A)True
B)False
94
Even when food is available in the marketplace, as pointed out in "Farms Destroyed, Stricken Sudan Faces Food Crisis," there are often few customers because:
A)much of the food is contaminated or spoiled.
B)some of the food has been grown from genetically modified seed, and people are worried about its safety.
C)food prices have skyrocketed beyond the reach of most people.
D)customers are afraid to travel as far as the markets, fearing attack.
95
An earlier famine in Darfur in 1984, as described in "Farms Destroyed, Stricken Sudan Faces Food Crisis," was originally caused by:
A)improper distribution of food aid.
B)an extensive drought.
C)wildfires that destroyed crops.
D)civil war and rebellion.
96
The United Nations, as reported in "Farms Destroyed, Stricken Sudan Faces Food Crisis," has so far refused to label the situation in Sudan genocide or call for prosecutions in the International Criminal Court.
A)True
B)False
97
As explained in "Dry Spell," normally about 10 percent of the country suffers very serious drought at any time, but last summer:
A)no drought was present.
B)flooding problems surpassed the drought problem.
C)the rate soared to 38 percent.
D)drought-emergency task forces solved the problem.
98
As outlined in "Dry Spell," even though drought is as inevitable as the change of seasons:
A)people prefer to ignore the trends as unimportant obstacles to their plans.
B)governments tend to ignore the danger when water is abundant.
C)nothing can be done about it.
D)the government should intervene only on a local level.
99
As related in "Dry Spell," in the hydro-illogical cycle, concern can quickly turn to panic in the absence of comprehensive drought planning.
A)True
B)False
100
Some experts have argued against large-scale plans to desalinate salt water, as presented in "Turning Oceans Into Tap Water," as it might:
A)further enable sprawl on fragile ecosystems.
B)permanently alter the salinity levels of bays and inlets.
C)lead to a contamination of the water supply with microorganisms.
D)spoil the pristine beauty of coastal areas.
101
The only operational commercial desalination facility in the United States, as reported in "Turning Oceans Into Tap Water," is located off the coast of:
A)Texas.
B)Florida.
C)Georgia.
D)California.
102
As explained in "Turning Oceans Into Tap Water," only a small percentage of the Earth's water is fresh, and more than two-thirds of that is inaccessibly bound up in glaciers and ice caps.
A)True
B)False
103
The organizing idea behind the Copenhagen Consensus, as put forth in "Putting the World to Rights," is that foreign aid and resources:
A)must be increased if progress is to be made.
B)are finite and must be offered to the best ideas.
C)are likely to decrease in today's political climate.
D)will never be enough to solve the problems of developing countries.
104
Items placed on the top-priority list by the Copenhagen Consensus, as identified in "Putting the World to Rights," include all of the following _except:_
A)women's issues.
B)hunger and malnutrition.
C)trade reform.
D)water and sanitation.
105
Trying to calculate costs and benefits regarding development issues, as noted in "Putting the World to Rights," has the virtue of forcing underlying assumptions into the open.
A)True
B)False
106
One of the most important reasons why many Mexicans are now opposed to NAFTA, as pointed out in "Mexico: Was NAFTA Worth It?" is that:
A)the government oversold its impact as an instant means of curing the country's difficulties.
B)it does not take into account the support that socialist political parties have in Mexico.
C)it does not address the problems of emigration.
D)only the towns along the U.S.-Mexican border seem to have benefited.
107
Right now, as explained in "Mexico: Was NAFTA Worth It?" Mexico is experiencing a downslide in its economic growth, largely as a result of:
A)government overspending.
B)drought and other adverse weather conditions.
C)the U.S. economic slump.
D)social and political unrest.
108
Mexico, as noted in "Mexico: Was NAFTA Worth It?" has largely been successful in its goal to become the workshop of the United States.
A)True
B)False





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