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1
According to "The Big Questions in Geography," public interaction with the geographic approaches to addressing natural and technological hazards takes place through the media of:
A)television.
B)accounting.
C)mapping.
D)disciplinary research.
2
As noted in "The Big Questions in Geography," the dominant characteristic of both the natural world and the human world is:
A)variability.
B)uniformity.
C)adaptability.
D)patterns.
3
As suggested in "The Big Questions in Geography," geographic thinking is a primary component of the investigation of global warming.
A)True
B)False
4
The author of "Rediscovering the Importance of Geography" states that the biggest current challenge in the field of geography is probably:
A)finding jobs for the increasing numbers of students awarded degrees in the subject.
B)establishing more geography departments at the university level.
C)encouraging scholars in other fields to turn to geographers for help with their concerns.
D)overcoming the public's view of geography as an exercise in place-name recognition.
5
According to "Rediscovering the Importance of Geography," the thing that unites the work of geographers working on different issues is their focus on:
A)the functioning of political systems.
B)the shifting organization and character of the earth's surface.
C)patterns of human interaction.
D)human alteration of the environment.
6
From the 1960s through the 1980s, as noted in "Rediscovering the Importance of Geography," most U.S. academics considered geography a crucially important discipline.
A)True
B)False
7
According to "The Four Traditions of Geography," the dominant field in the study of geography is:
A)area studies.
B)earth science.
C)a blend of all four traditions.
D)man/land.
8
The area-studies tradition described in "The Four Traditions of Geography" has all of the following advantages except that it:
A)helps to characterize the nature of places.
B)regularizes location of places.
C)helps show that geography can be an unspecialized field.
D)is easily understood within academic communities in the United States.
9
According to "The Four Traditions of Geography," Hippocrates's theories set forth in his essay "On Airs, Waters and Places" led to the view that historical events are a result of the environment.
A)True
B)False
10
As professionals, as maintained in "The Changing Landscape of Fear," geographers will fail in their social responsibility if they continue to think of geography as:
A)static and finite.
B)concerned only with natural phenomenon.
C)irreparably altered by human influence.
D)an end in itself.
11
An important indicator of public-activity patterns changing in the weeks and months following September 11, 2001, as pointed out in "The Changing Landscape of Fear," was the:
A)reduction in air travel.
B)rise in energy costs.
C)growing number of emergency kits purchased.
D)distrust of government reports.
12
The geography research community, as noted in "The Changing Landscape of Fear," is now sufficiently organized to develop a sustained and theoretically informed research agenda on the geographical dimensions of terrorism.
A)True
B)False
13
According to “The Geography of Ecosystem Services,” the value of ecosystem goods and services is largely tied to their:
A)mobility.
B)location.
C)mutability.
D)purity.
14
As noted in “The Geography of Ecosystem Services,” the key to protecting and enhancing ecosystem services is:
A)accurate evaluation of use and interaction.
B)communication of dangers.
C)vision of potential use.
D)geographic analysis of biophysical production functions.
15
As stated in “The Geography of Ecosystem Services,” ecosystem-protection efforts can be dangerous if they cannot make credible claims about ecological cause and effect.
A)True
B)False
16
As reported in “The Agricultural Impact of Global Climate Change: How Can Developing-Country Farmers Cope?”, research indicates that the change in maize production associated with global climate change:
A)is impossible to quantify.
B)will vary significantly from place to place.
C)is likely to be an increase in Africa.
D)is likely to be an increase in Latin America.
17
As pointed out in “The Agricultural Impact of Global Climate Change: How Can Developing-Country Farmers Cope?”, the Doomsday Vault contains:
A)seeds.
B)DNA samples.
C)food.
D)viruses.
18
As stated in “The Agricultural Impact of Global Climate Change: How Can Developing-Country Farmers Cope?”, never before have so many people been vulnerable to weather fluctuations.
A)True
B)False
19
According to “When Diversity Vanishes,” the most dramatic diversity collapses:
A)are invariably bad for living things.
B)are mass extinctions.
C)cause sudden, dramatic innovations in evolution.
D)are in the realm of microorganisms.
20
As reported in “When Diversity Vanishes,” in finance, diversification reduces risk by:
A)insulating assets from market forces.
B)increasing efficiency of market function.
C)bringing rationality to asset movement and dispersal.
D)spreading money among assets that respond differently during market moves.
21
As pointed out in “When Diversity Vanishes,” in expert judgment, the average judgment of a group is better than individual performance.
A)True
B)False
22
Megalopolis, as explained in “Classic Map Revisited: The Growth of Megalopolis,” has been described as the United States’:
A)largest shopping mall.
B)main street.
C)fastest-growing region.
D)last frontier.
23
The core cities that form Megalopolis, as presented in “Classic Map Revisited: The Growth of Megalopolis,” are known as the national center of:
A)immigration.
B)commerce.
C)organized crime.
D)innovation.
24
While the population of Megalopolis has grown since the original map was created, as pointed out in “Classic Map Revisited: The Growth of Megalopolis,” the population has not yet doubled.
A)True
B)False
25
Environmental problems in China, as explained in "A Great Wall of Waste," have often been overlooked in the government's efforts to:
A)appeal to foreign investors.
B)raise millions of people out of poverty.
C)produce the products desired by the growing middle class.
D)join the international community.
26
In Guangdong province of China, as described in "A Great Wall of Waste," the water in local villages has been polluted with exceptionally high levels of:
A)mercury.
B)arsenic.
C)particulate matter.
D)lead.
27
It is difficult to gain an accurate picture of the environmental situation in China, as pointed out in "A Great Wall of Waste," as rapid progress and experimentation in some areas are counterbalanced by bureaucratic rigidity and stagnation in others.
A)True
B)False
28
Desertification was advancing rapidly in Niger in the 1970s and 1980s, according to “In Niger, Trees and Crops Turn Back the Desert,” as a result of all of the following factors except:
A)severe drought.
B)rapidly expanding population.
C)militant infighting.
D)destructive farming and livestock practices.
29
The main change made by farmers in Niger to slow desertification, as explained in “In Niger, Trees and Crops Turn Back the Desert,” was to:
A)plant fields away from the main villages.
B)change their irrigation techniques.
C)allow some fields to remain unplanted each season.
D)not clear away saplings in the fields prior to planting.
30
The reversal of desertification in Niger, as noted in “In Niger, Trees and Crops Turn Back the Desert,” has been accomplished without expensive methods such as the wide-scale tree planting often advocated by aid groups.
A)True
B)False
31
Greater economic development is planned for the interior of the Amazon forest, as explained in “Whither the World’s Last Forest?”, with the discovery of:
A)rare new woods.
B)oil and natural gas.
C)gold deposits.
D)coal.
32
According to “Whither the World’s Last Forest?”, additional industries that have created controversy over their development in the Amazon include all of the following except:
A)cattle ranching.
B)soy farming.
C)pharmaceutical research.
D)iron mining.
33
The process of extracting oil and natural gas from the Amazon region, as asserted in “Whither the World’s Last Forest?”, presents far more of a technical challenge than a political one.
A)True
B)False
34
As reported in “Why It’s Time for a ‘Green New Deal’,” in comparing the environmental positions of candidates Barack Obama and John McCain, the author notes that:
A)neither candidate mentions any specific amount of money.
B)Obama focuses on expanding nuclear energy.
C)McCain has offered more specifics.
D)both candidates favor a clean-energy economy.
35
As stated in “Why It’s Time for a ‘Green New Deal’,” British Prime Minister Gordon Brown contends that:
A)wind turbines are a blight on the landscape.
B)now is the time to take action on climate change.
C)climate change must be moved to the back burner.
D)renewable energy reduces employment.
36
As noted in “Why It’s Time for a ‘Green New Deal’,” the majority of the electricity in France is produced in nuclear plants.
A)True
B)False
37
According to “Study Finds Humans’ Effect on Oceans Comprehensive,” humans are reshaping the seas through all of the following activities except:
A)air/water pollution.
B)pleasure boating.
C)overfishing.
D)commercial shipping.
38
According to “What China Can Learn from Japan on Cleaning Up the Environment,” economic growth in China has been led by:
A)information technology.
B)international finance.
C)human resources.
D)heavy industry.
39
As related in “What China Can Learn from Japan on Cleaning Up the Environment,” among the reasons to be optimistic about China’s pollution problems are all of the following except:
A)world’s largest security forces.
B)central government budget in deficit.
C)plenty of officials to enforce laws.
D)milder inflationary pressure than Japan had.
40
As reported in “What China Can Learn from Japan on Cleaning Up the Environment,” in absolute terms, China is the world’s biggest producer of greenhouse gases.
A)True
B)False
41
Business areas in which India is having its biggest impact, as reported in "The Rise of India," include all of the following except:
A)software.
B)call centers.
C)IT consulting.
D)insurance adjustment.
42
The biggest cause of recent U.S. job losses, as pointed out in "The Rise of India," has been:
A)outsourcing to China.
B)the U.S. economic downturn.
C)corporate scandals.
D)growing productivity and efficiency.
43
According to "The Rise of India," in order to keep its business edge, the United States must increase software productivity through more research investment and increased science education.
A)True
B)False
44
According to “Hints of a Comeback for the Nation’s First Superhighway,” the most fuel-efficient method of moving goods between the East Coast and the Upper Midwest is:
A)plane.
B)truck.
C)train.
D)canal barge.
45
In discussing the current situation on the Erie Canal, the author of “Hints of a Comeback for the Nation’s First Superhighway” notes that:
A)commercial vehicles no longer use the waterway.
B)advertising revenue is not available to promote the canal.
C)the canal is open year-round.
D)shipping by barge saves no money.
46
As reported in “Hints of a Comeback for the Nation’s First Superhighway,” the St. Lawrence Seaway offers a shorter route between the East Coast and the Upper Midwest than the Erie Canal.
A)True
B)False
47
As stated in “The Short End of the Longer Life,” the government-sponsored study conducted by Harvard researchers found:
A)life expectancy declined in a significant number of counties.
B)stagnation across the board in the American life expectancy.
C)all Americans are living longer than ever.
D)male life expectancy is decreasing faster than female.
48
As related in “The Short End of the Longer Life,” Peter R. Orszag of the Congressional Budget Office contends that the growing gap in life expectancy relates to:
A)testing measures.
B)income inequality.
C)behavior.
D)environmental degradation.
49
As reported in “The Short End of the Longer Life,” statistics indicate a gap in life expectancy between those with the highest and lowest educational attainment.
A)True
B)False
50
According to “Never Too Late to Scramble: China in Africa,” the biggest oil producer in Africa is:
A)Zambia.
B)Cameroon.
C)Nigeria.
D)South Africa.
51
As pointed out in “Never Too Late to Scramble: China in Africa,” in the 1950s and 1960s, China’s main aim in Africa was to:
A)spread Communism.
B)exploit cheap labor.
C)acquire oil.
D)gain influence.
52
As stated in “Never Too Late to Scramble: China in Africa,” more than 40 African nations have endorsed the one-China policy.
A)True
B)False
53
The BTC pipeline, as explained in "Where Business Meets Geopolitics," will carry transport oil originating in:
A)Russia.
B)Turkey.
C)Azerbaijan.
D)Georgia.
54
The consortium to build the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan (BTC) pipeline, as reported in "Where Business Meets Geopolitics," was led by a company from:
A)Turkey.
B)France.
C)Ukraine.
D)Great Britain.
55
The U.S. Energy Information Administration, as noted in "Where Business Meets Geopolitics," believes there is far more oil and natural gas in the Caspian region than was originally estimated.
A)True
B)False
56
As reported in “Half-Way from Rags to Riches,” Ejay Chhibber of the World Bank contends that at present in Vietnam:
A)literacy is in decline.
B)lack of viable exports hinders economic progress.
C)irresponsible government spending stymies growth.
D)irresponsible government spending stymies growth.
57
As defined in “Half-Way from Rags to Riches,” doi moi refers to:
A)new political freedom.
B)market-based reforms.
C)spiritual renewal.
D)rejoining the world community.
58
As noted in “Half-Way from Rags to Riches,” Vietnam was essentially unaffected by the collapse of the Soviet Union.
A)True
B)False
59
According to “Malaria: It’s Not Neglected Any More (But It’s Not Gone Either),” the World Health Organization’s single tool for eradicating malaria-bearing mosquitoes in the mid-twentieth century was:
A)mosquito netting.
B)chloroquine.
C)plaquenil.
D)DDT.
60
As reported in “Malaria: It’s Not Neglected Any More (But It’s Not Gone Either),” the purpose of “Radio Malaria” is to:
A)educate the public.
B)investigate counterfeit drug sales.
C)subsidize the sale of high-quality malaria drugs.
D)reduce malaria transmission.
61
As pointed out in “Malaria: It’s Not Neglected Any More (But It’s Not Gone Either),” the brightest minds in the healthcare community are dedicated to the eradication of malaria.
A)True
B)False
62
Apart from the death toll and destruction following the Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004, as pointed out in “Tsunamis: How Safe is the United States?”, experts were concerned about all of the following consequences except:
A)psychological trauma faced by people of the region.
B)widespread looting and violence.
C)a lack of clean water.
D)inadequate medical facilities.
63
In the United States, as explained in “Tsunamis: How Safe is the United States?”, the area most at risk of a destructive tsunami is the:
A)Hawaiian islands.
B)Texas shoreline.
C)southeast coastline.
D)coastline stretching from California to Washington.
64
A compounding factor in the destructiveness of the Indian Ocean tsunami, as maintained in “Tsunamis: How Safe is the United States?”, is that the region lacked an early-warning system.
A)True
B)False
65
As described in "The World Is Spiky," the "spiky"-world hypothesis of peaks, hills, and valleys broadly signifies:
A)creation, population, and insulation.
B)innovation, production, and isolation.
C)concentration, emission, and segregation.
D)formation, globalization, and adaptation.
66
As noted in "The World Is Spiky," the most obvious challenge to the flat-world hypothesis is the:
A)high concentration of innovation and scientific advance.
B)leveling effect of modern technology.
C)increase in economic production.
D)urban population explosion worldwide.
67
As argued in "The World Is Spiky," surprisingly few areas are of real significance in today's global economy.
A)True
B)False
68
As reported in “Hurricane Hotspots: Most Vulnerable Cities,” the state most vulnerable to hurricanes is:
A)Texas.
B)Louisiana.
C)Florida.
D)New York.
69
As noted in “Hurricane Hotspots: Most Vulnerable Cities,” a hurricane that struck the New York City area was:
A)Rita.
B)Betsy.
C)Andrew.
D)Gloria.
70
As pointed out in “Hurricane Hotspots: Most Vulnerable Cities,” New Orleans is more vulnerable to storm surge now than it was pre-Katrina.
A)True
B)False
71
As reported in “Sea Change: The Transformation of the Arctic,” probably the first country to be born from climate change will be:
A)Svalbard Island.
B)Nanisivik.
C)Faeroe Islands.
D)Greenland.
72
As pointed out in “Sea Change: The Transformation of the Arctic,” as a result of its location on shipping lanes, the wealthiest country in Southeast Asia is:
A)Vietnam.
B)Malaysia.
C)Singapore.
D)Indonesia.
73
As stated in “Sea Change: The Transformation of the Arctic,” the melting of the polar ice cap will open a new passage between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
A)True
B)False
74
As reported in “Shaping the World to Illustrate Inequalities in Health,” the advantage of the cartogram used to show birth rates is that it:
A)makes it easier to recognize the outlines of nations.
B)focuses attention on high birth areas.
C)uses color to depict birth density.
D)reflects change in data over time.
75
As noted in “Shaping the World to Illustrate Inequalities in Health,” the area with the greatest decrease in infant mortality rates:
A)had the greatest increase in birth rates as well.
B)was the Middle East.
C)was Western Europe.
D)was Central Africa.
76
As pointed out in “Shaping the World to Illustrate Inequalities in Health,” very few people can identify most countries of the world in an unlabeled conventional world map.
A)True
B)False
77
As pointed out in “Deaths Outnumber Births in Third of Counties,” the majority of counties that have had declines in population for more than 25 years are in:
A)the Deep South.
B)New England.
C)the middle of the country.
D)the Southwest.
78
As reported in “Deaths Outnumber Births in Third of Counties,” the New Homestead Act:
A)is intended to stem population decline in some counties.
B)was introduced by Senator John McCain.
C)has been effective in increasing rural populations.
D)was defeated in the Senate.
79
As noted in “Deaths Outnumber Births in Third of Counties,” no one expects counties that are experiencing natural decreases to be wiped off the map.
A)True
B)False
80
As pointed out by the authors of “How Much Is Your Vote Worth?”, a major factor in distorting the principle of “one person, one vote” is that seats in the U.S. House of Representatives are apportioned according to:
A)the number of residents in a state.
B)how a state voted in the preceding election.
C)the political power of a state’s governor.
D)the number of eligible voters in a state.
81
As noted in "Fortune Teller," Richard Harrison in his unorthodox maps was trying to show:
A)truth, not convention.
B)minimalist political nuance.
C)navigation aids more clearly.
D)cultural diversities.
82
As presented in "Fortune Teller," in September 1940, the truth the particular maps revealed:
A)involved geographic differentials explicitly.
B)border regions in a defined manner.
C)was far more ominous than refreshing.
D)could not be understood.
83
World War II, as mentioned in "Fortune Teller," was a war that demanded entirely new maps and new ways of seeing the world.
A)True
B)False
84
Several U.S. states, as explained in “Teaching Note: The U.S. Ethanol Industry with Comments on the Great Plains,” have taken steps to ban MTBE due to:
A)increased air pollution.
B)several well-publicized poisonings.
C)a lack of evidence that it reduces pollution.
D)contaminated groundwater.
85
The main feedstock for the production of ethanol, as noted in “Teaching Note: The U.S. Ethanol Industry with Comments on the Great Plains,” is now:
A)soy.
B)wheat.
C)corn.
D)switch grass.
86
The state of California, as reported in “Teaching Note: The U.S. Ethanol Industry with Comments on the Great Plains,” has been granted a waiver from the federal oxygenate standard due to its ban on the use of MTBE in fuel.
A)True
B)False
87
As presented in “Clogged Arteries,” the main focus on improving the U.S. transportation system should be on:
A)rural and semi-rural areas.
B)the western United States.
C)exurban areas outside metro regions.
D)the biggest and most productive metro regions.
88
As claimed in “Manifest Destinations,” U.S. migration patterns are now largely driven by dreams of better places to work and play, which has led to the fastest population growth occurring in the:
A)inner cities.
B)rural regions.
C)suburbs.
D)exurbs.
89
The injury to the school system in African nations as a result of the spread of AIDS, as maintained in "AIDS Infects Education System in Africa," goes deeper than it might otherwise as AIDS is:
A)surrounded by a great deal of misinformation.
B)rarely treated in a timely fashion.
C)destroying families, which undergird the education system.
D)now common among schoolchildren.
90
At one point, as described in "AIDS Infects Education System in Africa," experts identified male teachers as being a particularly at-risk population for all of the following reasons except that they:
A)have little access to health care.
B)are often posted away from their families.
C)have the money to pursue extra-marital sexual partners.
D)have access to female students.
91
Declines in education in African nations, as pointed out in "AIDS Infects Education System in Africa," reduce the chances of slowing the AIDS pandemic, as schools may be the best way of reaching young people with the information, skills, and attitudes that will ultimately protect them from the disease.
A)True
B)False
92
According to “What Lies Beneath,” the Bush Administration rationale for drilling near national parks was the need to:
A)restock federal fuel reserves.
B)keep the price of gas down.
C)reduce dependence on foreign oil.
D)subsidize oil companies.
93
As reported in “What Lies Beneath,” an example of a natural area thus far successfully protected from the effects of drilling and mining is:
A)Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area.
B)Yellowstone National Park.
C)Mount Rushmore.
D)Glacier National Park.
94
As pointed out in “What Lies Beneath,” the most popularly visited national parks are left untouched by drilling and mining.
A)True
B)False
95
According to “Cloud, or Silver Linings?”, the greatest response to demographic change in Japan needs to come from:
A)the health care system.
B)companies.
C)schools.
D)government.
96
As pointed out in “Cloud, or Silver Linings?”, the government scandal that came at such a bad time for Shinzo Abe involved the government agency that handles:
A)transportation issues.
B)environmental testing.
C)pensions.
D)elections.
97
As noted in “Cloud, or Silver Linings?”, the majority of farmers in Japan are over age 65.
A)True
B)False
98
As reported in “Troubled Waters,” in the Chinese town of Shangba and Lingqiao, the water problems stem from:
A)a local mining operation.
B)a poorly constructed dam.
C)untreated sewage.
D)a chemical factory.
99
As identified in “Troubled Waters,” of the following, water is most expensive in:
A)New York City.
B)Barranquilla, Columbia.
C)Manilla, the Philippines.
D)London, England.
100
As stated in “Troubled Waters,” multiple agencies have reached the conclusion that the Yangtze River is an irreversibly polluted ecosystem.
A)True
B)False
101
Some experts have argued against large-scale plans to desalinate salt water, as presented in "Turning Oceans Into Tap Water," as it might:
A)further enable sprawl on fragile ecosystems.
B)permanently alter the salinity levels of bays and inlets.
C)lead to a contamination of the water supply with microorganisms.
D)spoil the pristine beauty of coastal areas.
102
The only operational commercial desalination facility in the United States, as reported in "Turning Oceans Into Tap Water," is located off the coast of:
A)Texas.
B)Florida.
C)Georgia.
D)California.
103
As explained in "Turning Oceans Into Tap Water," only a small percentage of the Earth's water is fresh, and more than two-thirds of that is inaccessibly bound up in glaciers and ice caps.
A)True
B)False
104
As stated in “Malthus Redux: Is Doomsday Upon Us, Again?”, researchers suggest that Earth:
A)cannot feed its current population.
B)can successfully feed its expected population with portion control.
C)will be unable to support any significant increase in population.
D)has an unlimited capacity for producing food.
105
As related in “Malthus Redux: Is Doomsday Upon Us, Again?”, Harriet Friedmann of the University of Toronto contends that:
A)the present practice of big agriculture is unsustainable.
B)it is Marx rather than Malthus who understood the food problem.
C)hunger will decrease as population increases.
D)emigration has little effect on prosperity.
106
According to “Malthus Redux: Is Doomsday Upon Us, Again?”, the majority of the world’s rice crop crosses a national border before it is consumed.
A)True
B)False
107
One important factor contributing to the desire of more countries to obtain nuclear weapons, as asserted in “Global Response Required: Stopping the Spread of Nuclear Weapons,” is that:
A)there are no longer rival superpowers to offer security to smaller states in return for loyalty.
B)many states now have more money at their disposal to spend on defense.
C)a growing number of states are involved in violent internal conflicts.
D)former blocks of allies are breaking apart and are more likely to come in conflict with one another.
108
The latest country to test a nuclear device, as mentioned in “Global Response Required: Stopping the Spread of Nuclear Weapons,” was:
A)Syria.
B)Spain.
C)Japan.
D)North Korea.
109
The Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty, as noted in “Global Response Required: Stopping the Spread of Nuclear Weapons,” makes no provision for nuclear states to eventually destroy their nuclear weapons.
A)True
B)False
110
In assessing the role of the United Nations in the fight against slavery, the author of “A World Enslaved” suggests that it:
A)has no mandate to work against bondage.
B)consistently holds its member states accountable for slavery.
C)will continue to be an effective tool for defeating slavery.
D)has done almost nothing to combat modern-day slavery.
111
As reported in “A World Enslaved,” the highest concentration of slaves on the planet is in:
A)South Asia.
B)South America.
C)Europe.
D)Africa.
112
As observed in “A World Enslaved,” the majority of slaves in the world are prostitutes.
A)True
B)False





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