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1
As stated in "The Future of Psychology," central issues in twenty-first century psychology, and its largest challenge, are:
A)mother-child and father-child relationships.
B)mind-brain and behavior-brain correspondence.
C)young-old conflicts.
D)gender differences.
2
As given in "The Future of Psychology," as psychology becomes more of a science, it focuses on understanding psychological phenomena through studying biological factors, particularly the:
A)role of heredity.
B)effects of diet and nutrition.
C)impact of disease and pandemics.
D)brain and nervous system.
3
As presented in "The Future of Psychology," categorization plays a fundamental role in every human activity.
A)True
B)False
4
As claimed in "The 10 Commandments of Helping Students Distinguish Science from Pseudoscience in Psychology," the most troubling thing about pseudoscientific claims is that:
A)many of them can actually be scientifically proven.
B)people believe them in spite of a lack of scientific evidence to support them.
C)most students refuse to consider even the possibility that the claims could be true.
D)they should be dismissed out of hand, but most professors will not do that.
5
As presented in "The 10 Commandments of Helping Students Distinguish Science from Pseudoscience in Psychology," one reason why pseudoscientific claims should be addressed in the classroom is that:
A)examining the claims can help teach students critical thinking skills.
B)the classroom is often the only place students are exposed to these claims.
C)by looking closely at the claims, students will soon see how dull and uninteresting they are.
D)these claims are at the heart of modern psychological and scientific knowledge.
6
As noted in "The 10 Commandments of Helping Students Distinguish Science from Pseudoscience in Psychology," students who are taught to critically examine pseudoscientific claims are less likely to believe them.
A)True
B)False
7
As noted in "Comprehensive Soldier Fitness and the Future of Psychology," the first big leap into the application of psychology took place in the United States in the context of:
A)the Great Depression.
B)the Vietnam War.
C)World War I.
D)World War II.
8
As emphasized in "Comprehensive Soldier Fitness and the Future of Psychology," the Army's Comprehensive Soldier Fitness program relies heavily on:
A)biofeedback.
B)iron discipline.
C)resilience and positive psychology training.
D)improved diet and greater physical fitness.
9
As stated in "Comprehensive Soldier Fitness and the Future of Psychology," the history of American psychology has been shaped by national need.
A)True
B)False
10
According to "Improving Health, Worldwide," it has recently been determined that most global health concerns:
A)are due to psychological problems.
B)are the result of a lack of medical professionals.
C)have a behavioral component.
D)cannot be treated by modern medicine.
11
As claimed in "Improving Health, Worldwide," among the greatest threats to human life on the planet is:
A)mental illness.
B)natural disasters.
C)overpopulation.
D)infectious diseases.
12
As noted in "Improving Health, Worldwide," bed nets are one of the most affordable and effective defenses against the spread of malaria.
A)True
B)False
13
As presented in "Psychology is a Hub Science," the editors of Scientific American observed that, whenever an article is run on social topics, readers:
A)complain that social articles are not featured frequently enough in the magazine.
B)buy more issues than usual.
C)praise the magazine for running important and topical articles.
D)protest that social articles are not "real" science.
14
As explained in "Psychology is a Hub Science," the scientometric study called "Mapping the Backbone of Science" identified:
A)one single source from which contemporary science originates.
B)seven specialized hub sciences.
C)several important scientific disciplines and several invalid ones.
D)many problems with psychologically focused research and journal articles.
15
As noted in "Psychology is a Hub Science," in the Middle Ages, the biggest scientific influences were philosophy and theology. (T)
A)True
B)False
16
As concluded in "The Left Brain Knows What the Right Hand is Doing," the vast majority of the world's people have:
A)strongly symmetrical brains.
B)strongly lateralized brains.
C)the ability to easily switch control of functions from one brain hemisphere to another.
D)have trouble distinguishing left from right.
17
According to "The Left Brain Knows What the Right Hand is Doing," the percentage of people who are right-handed is about:
A)55 percent.
B)68 percent.
C)75 percent.
D)90 percent.
18
As pointed out in "The Left Brain Knows What the Right Hand is Doing," having the brain's hemispheres manage different tasks has no effect on the brain's efficiency.
A)True
B)False
19
As described in "The Brain's (Dark Energy)," the DMN, or Default Mode Network, can be likened to:
A)the conductor of an orchestra.
B)an on/off switch on a computer.
C)a vast database that is rarely accessed.
D)a television channel playing in the background.
20
As put forth in "The Brain's (Dark Energy)," a map of the areas of the brain that make up the DMN coincides with a map of the areas that are affected by someone suffering from:
A)bipolar disorder.
B)Alzheimer's disease.
C)Crohn's disease.
D)muscular dystrophy.
21
As mentioned in "The Brain's (Dark Energy)," when in default mode, the brain uses 20 times as much energy as it does when responding consciously to an outside stimulus.
A)True
B)False
22
As noted in "Phantom Pain and the Brain," recent research suggests that the primary somatosensory cortex:
A)has no role in registering touch sensations.
B)is not part of the phantom pain perception.
C)registers sensory illusions generated elsewhere in the brain.
D)only registers actual touches.
23
As reported in "Phantom Pain and the Brain," research involving the primary visual cortex suggests that:
A)it does not communicate with higher-level areas.
B)it has reduced activity as illusory visual perceptions were repeated.
C)fMRI data are consistent with electrical activity in this part of the brain.
D)it is equally quiet when participants did not see the stimulus as when they just missed it.
24
As pointed out in "Phantom Pain and the Brain," participants reported feeling the illusory touch and the real one equally.
A)True
B)False
25
As shown in "Reflections on Mirror Neurons," mirror neurons:
A)do not play a part in language evolution.
B)develop most rapidly during adolescence.
C)also exist outside the brain.
D)fire when we both perceive and take an action.
26
As presented in "Reflections on Mirror Neurons," one experiment on monkeys showed that a mirror mechanism appeared at:
A)birth.
B)1 year.
C)4 years.
D)6 years.
27
As set out in "Reflections on Mirror Neurons," mimicry in humans reflects social cues.
A)True
B)False
28
According to "Does Thinking Really Hard Burn More Calories?", when the brain is engaged in complex thought and mental processes, it:
A)burns considerably more calories than when at rest.
B)eventually enters a measurable state of mental exhaustion.
C)reflects minute local increases in energy consumption.
D)taxes the entire body due to its increased need for glucose.
29
As claimed in "Does Thinking Really Hard Burn More Calories?", the energy used by the brain during a normal resting state is:
A)greater than most of the other organs in the body.
B)equal to a standard 60-watt light bulb.
C)more than IBM's supercomputer, Watson.
D)less than more active organs, such as the heart and lungs.
30
As noted in "Does Thinking Really Hard Burn More Calories?", studies have consistently shown that the more difficult or unfamiliar the mental task, the more glucose the brain requires.
A)True
B)False
31
According to "A Single Brain Structure May Give Winners That Extra Physical Edge," the insular cortex, or insula, might improve athletic performance by:
A)helping athletes remember successful maneuvers from past performances.
B)stimulating muscle-mass by releasing certain types of neurotransmitters.
C)allowing athletes to concentrate on their sport and ignore outside distractions.
D)anticipating athletes' future feelings.
32
As claimed in "A Single Brain Structure May Give Winners That Extra Physical Edge," the athletes who enthrall us are those who:
A)have the most cheering fans.
B)are experts at meeting specific physical goals.
C)make the most dangerous and risky plays and moves.
D)have the most money and fame.
33
As noted in "A Single Brain Structure May Give Winners That Extra Physical Edge," research indicates that it is impossible for the average person to train his or her brain to respond similarly to the brain of an athlete.
A)True
B)False
34
According to "Mini-Multitaskers," both adults and children who multitask:
A)are more efficient in their work.
B)are more successful in life.
C)take longer to get things done.
D)utilize time more effectively.
35
As presented in "Mini-Multitaskers," people given a new task while simultaneously performing other tasks:
A)fail to learn the new task.
B)forget how to do the other, more familiar tasks.
C)can successfully answer questions about all the tasks they were assigned.
D)cannot apply the new knowledge to other situations.
36
As noted in "Mini-Multitaskers," skilled multitaskers are able to carry out many similar tasks simultaneously.
A)True
B)False
37
As described in "Uncanny Sight in the Blind," the author and her colleagues shot a video of a blind man, known as TN, navigating among obstacles while walking:
A)around his apartment.
B)down a long corridor.
C)though a shopping center.
D)in a parking garage.
38
As pointed out in "Uncanny Sight in the Blind," the phenomenon of blindsight is seen primarily in patients who lost their vision because of damage to their:
A)rods and cones.
B)retinas.
C)visual cortex.
D)corneas.
39
As reported in "Uncanny Sight in the Blind," doctors reported cases like blindsight as far back as 1867, in soldiers injured during the Civil War.
A)True
B)False
40
As concluded in "The Color of Sin," the moral-purity metaphor is:
A)merely a rhetorical device for moral discourse.
B)a deep, embodied phenomenon covertly shaping moral cognition.
C)most effectively used in medieval literature.
D)too complicated to apply to everyday life.
41
As brought out in "The Color of Sin," the color black has negative connotations for all of the following reasons except that it:
A)signifies danger.
B)is the color of night.
C)is heavy.
D)is associated with impurity.
42
As shown in "The Color of Sin," reminders of one's moral transgressions can create desires for physical cleansing.
A)True
B)False
43
Psychology, as explained in "What Dreams Are Made Of," has built its model of the mind out of:
A)experiences with mental illness.
B)Western conceptions of consciousness.
C)waking behavior.
D)theories of a subconscious.
44
Freud, as noted in "What Dreams Are Made Of," believed that dreams were:
A)random neurological firings.
B)deeply buried wishes.
C)early plans for the future.
D)a disguised record of the day's events.
45
Recent advances in dream research using brain imaging technologies, as reported in "What Dreams Are Made Of," have clearly demonstrated the close relationship between physiology and psychology.
A)True
B)False
46
As cited in "Increasing Speed of Processing with Action Video Games," various studies of video-game players have shown that when response time (RT):
A)increases, accuracy increases.
B)decreases, accuracy increases.
C)decreases, there is no speed-accuracy trade-off.
D)stays the same, accuracy decreases.
47
As given in "Increasing Speed of Processing with Action Video Games," playing action video games requires:
A)advanced digital coordination.
B)a high IQ.
C)an excellent memory.
D)rapid processing of sensory information.
48
As shown in "Increasing Speed of Processing with Action Video Games," the learning during the action-video-game experience does not generalize well beyond the act of playing games.
A)True
B)False
49
As presented in "Get Me Out of This Slump! Visual Illusions Improve Sports Performance," the study described attempted to determine the effect on performance of:
A)target size.
B)perception.
C)crowd antics.
D)eye strain.
50
As defined in "Get Me Out of This Slump! Visual Illusions Improve Sports Performance," "quiet eye" refers to:
A)impaired vision in one eye.
B)misinterpreting visual information.
C)inaccurate perceptions caused by visual manipulation.
D)focusing on a target without moving the eyes.
51
As noted in "Get Me Out of This Slump! Visual Illusions Improve Sports Performance," the findings of the study cited challenges the idea of a separate visual processing stream for visually guided actions.
A)True
B)False
52
As revealed in "Finding Little Albert," the authors concluded that the name "Albert B.," given to Watson and Rayner's test subject in 1920, probably was:
A)the baby's real name.
B)Rosalie Rayner's mother's maiden name.
C)a prominent Baptist minister after whom Watson himself was named.
D)a pseudonym chosen by Albert's birth mother.
53
As detailed in "Finding Little Albert," one of the methods used by the authors to identify Little Albert was to compare photos of Douglas, the boy they suspected was Little Albert, with:
A)a group photo taken of families at Johns Hopkins in 1920.
B)stills taken from the movie Watson made of Little Albert.
C)high school yearbooks from Baltimore, Maryland, in 1935.
D)pictures of Little Albert that accompanied the JEP article in 1920. er.
54
As mentioned in "Finding Little Albert," the study on Little Albert was the last published research of Watson's academic career; he left his post at Johns Hopkins University after becoming romantically involved with his graduate student and going through a messy divorce.
A)True
B)False
55
As related in "Psychological Science and Safety," Total Safety Culture participants realize that factors that potentially contribute to an injury or fatality include all of the following except:
A)behavioral.
B)person.
C)financial.
D)environmental.
56
As portrayed in "Psychological Science and Safety," the author increased safety-belt usage at Ford through a process he called:
A)DO IT.
B)ACTS.
C)Total Safety Culture.
D)Interpersonal Coaching.
57
As suggested in "Psychological Science and Safety," advocates for the Total Safety Culture realize that severe punitive consequences are the only way to deal with undesirable behavior.
A)True
B)False
58
Many educators, as put forth in "The Perils and Promises of Praise," believe that the major cause of achievement in school is students':
A)effort and perseverance.
B)willingness to follow instruction.
C)attendance record.
D)inherent intelligence.
59
The original intention of the IQ test developed by Alfred Binet, as pointed out in "The Perils and Promises of Praise," was to:
A)measure fixed intelligence.
B)identify students who were not benefiting from the public-school curriculum.
C)help track students according to their abilities.
D)identify students with learning disabilities.
60
When asked to report their scores in an experiment, as noted in "The Perils and Promises of Praise," the students with a fixed mind-set and those with a growth mind-set lied in equal percentages.
A)True
B)False
61
According to "Brief Wakeful Resting Boosts New Memories over the Long Term," a brief wakeful rest following new learning can:
A)enhance memory for the learned material indefinitely.
B)cause interference with attempts to remember the new material.
C)allow for the addition of even more new material into long-term memory.
D)enhance memory for the learned material over short delays.
62
As presented in "Brief Wakeful Resting Boosts New Memories over the Long Term," memory consolidation involves:
A)strengthening new memory traces to enhance retrieval later.
B)memorizing facts from a list, then repeating them back.
C)creating a story from specific given details.
D)intentionally rehearsing material in order to retrieve it later.
63
As noted in "Brief Wakeful Resting Boosts New Memories over the Long Term," the reported study attempted to determine the success of wakeful resting in enhancing the ability to find differences in pictures.
A)True
B)False
64
As presented in "Will Behave for Money," the most important quality of a good drug court is:
A)token gifts and other positive reinforcement.
B)incarceration after one failed urine test.
C)regular drug testing and swift consequences.
D)gradually escalating penalties.
65
As claimed in "Will Behave for Money," most contingency-management programs reinforce good behavior through:
A)cash.
B)praise.
C)food.
D)privileges.
66
As noted in "Will Behave for Money," most courts are skeptical of contingency-management programs because the success of such programs has been highly inconsistent.
A)True
B)False
67
As given in "The Magical Mystery Four," the central memory store of meaningful items for young adults is limited to about:
A)1 to 3 items.
B)3 to 5 items.
C)7 to 9 items.
D)12 to 15 items.
68
As set forth in "The Magical Mystery Four," a comparison of the simple storage capacity of 7-year-old children and older children or adults showed that:
A)children had a greater storage capacity than adults.
B)both groups had about the same storage capacity.
C)variation in storage capacity was linked to IQ rather than age group.
D)adults had a greater storage capacity than children.
69
As speculated about in "The Magical Mystery Four," one theory holds that low-attention-span individuals remember less because they use up more of their memory's storage capacity holding information that is irrelevant to the assigned task.
A)True
B)False
70
As reported in "Talk to the Hand: New Insights into the Evolution of Language and Gesture," language has been called an instinct because it:
A)is common to all people.
B)is so readily learned.
C)can be taught to anyone.
D)is necessary for survival.
71
In discussing grammar, the author of "Talk to the Hand: New Insights into the Evolution of Language and Gesture" notes that:
A)it is the association of sounds with meanings.
B)many animal languages have it.
C)it allows the infinite recombination of finite raw materials.
D)it occurs whenever sounds are combined.
72
As stated in "Talk to the Hand: New Insights into the Evolution of Language and Gesture," the inarticulate cries of monkeys appear to be controlled by different brain systems than those governing human language ability.
A)True
B)False
73
As reported in "Dangerous Distraction," a British study found that talking on a cell phone while driving:
A)had no effect on the accident rate.
B)slightly increased the accident rate.
C)nearly doubled the accident rate.
D)increased the accident rate fourfold.
74
As cited in "Dangerous Distraction," studies have shown that the primary cause of driving accidents is:
A)heavy traffic.
B)driver inattention.
C)poor weather conditions.
D)driving at night.
75
As noted in "Dangerous Distraction," drivers are less likely to be involved in an accident if they have a passenger than if they are driving by themselves.
A)True
B)False
76
According to "The Secret Life of Pronouns by James Pennebaker: What Do ‘I' and ‘We' Reveal about Us?", every time we speak, we:
A)make meaningful slips of the tongue.
B)send out coded messages about ourselves.
C)lie.
D)confirm the obvious.
77
As presented in "The Secret Life of Pronouns by James Pennebaker: What Do ‘I' and ‘We' Reveal about Us?", according to author James Pennebaker, an example of a function word might be:
A)weird.
B)nice.
C)boring.
D)they.
78
As stated in "The Secret Life of Pronouns by James Pennebaker: What Do ‘I' and ‘We' Reveal about Us?", in his book Pennebaker claims that function-word analysis acts as a type of lie-detector test.
A)True
B)False
79
As claimed in "Keep Your Fingers Crossed! How Superstition Improves Performance," superstitions are:
A)logical thought processes.
B)irrational beliefs.
C)scientific phenomenon.
D)ineffective beliefs.
80
As presented in "Keep Your Fingers Crossed! How Superstition Improves Performance," superstitions are particularly prevalent among:
A)groups whose members regularly engage in performance tasks.
B)scientists and researchers.
C)people in stable, low-stress environments.
D)people who believe that they are in control of a situation.
81
As stated in "Keep Your Fingers Crossed! How Superstition Improves Performance," superstitious beliefs can affect the speed at which one is able to complete a task.
A)True
B)False
82
As reported in "Women at the Top," despite the fact that women in the United States hold approximately 50 percent of all management and professional positions, when it comes to Fortune 500 and Fortune 1000 CEOs, women make up just:
A)2 percent.
B)5 percent.
C)10 percent.
D)26 percent.
83
As stated in "Women at the Top," a number of the women entrepreneurs from China had previously:
A)been educated by peasants in the countryside in accordance with the ideology of the Cultural Revolution.
B)served in the People's Liberation Army.
C)been educated abroad in such countries as Japan, Australia, and England.
D)worked in family businesses similar to the type of companies they later started.
84
According to "Women at the Top," most of the women interviewed agreed that they planned on making it to the top of their professions from the very beginning of their careers.
A)True
B)False
85
As noted in "Resisting Temptation," people high in self-control, compared to those who are low in it, show all of the following characteristics except that they are:
A)less successful in work.
B)healthier.
C)in better relationships.
D)more successful in school.
86
As recounted in "Resisting Temptation," follow-up studies with the children in the marshmallow experiment found that:
A)there was no measurable difference between those who delayed gratification and those who did not.
B)the older four-years-olds were better at delaying gratification than the younger ones.
C)those who delayed gratification later scored higher on their SATs.
D)boys were better at delaying gratification than girls.
87
As explained in "Resisting Temptation," stress has been found to reduce people's performance in subsequent self-control tasks.
A)True
B)False
88
As described in "What Does Guilt Do?", a person feels guilty when he or she:
A)does better on a task than someone else.
B)does something wrong hat huts someone else.
C)is first in line.
D)receives a bigger pay raise than others in a group.
89
As noted in "What Does Guilt Do?", because guilt is painful, people:
A)attempt to ignore it.
B)want to shift the guilt feeling to someone else.
C)usually deny their guilt.
D)try to make up for their actions in some way.
90
The author of "What Does Guilt Do?" suggests that further research needs to be done on how people who have been hurt by someone else react to generous gestures from that person.
A)True
B)False
91
According to "Smile Intensity in Photographs Predicts Longevity," research has shown that, when compared to people with negative emotions, people with positive emotions display all of the following except:
A)more stable personalities.
B)shorter life span.
C)better interpersonal skills.
D)better cognitive skills.
92
As presented in "Smile Intensity in Photographs Predicts Longevity," past studies have shown that smile intensity in childhood photos and yearbook photos is positively correlated with:
A)longevity.
B)good health.
C)marital satisfaction.
D)intelligent offspring.
93
As noted in "Smile Intensity in Photographs Predicts Longevity," career length for a baseball player reflects continued physical fitness and performance.
A)True
B)False
94
As noted in "A Learning Machine," Gregg Recanzone's research suggests that:
A)learning does not affect the cerebral cortex of animals.
B)on the neuron level, animal brains do not adapt.
C)long-term levels of performance may be related to changes in neural activity.
D)adult animals do not learn new skills easily.
95
As pointed out in "A Learning Machine," Michael Merzenich's research indicates that:
A)older people are incapable of learning until they eliminate brain noise.
B)it is easy to change cortical dynamics by training.
C)increased brain noise makes learning easier.
D)changes in older brains are not reversible.
96
As stated in "A Learning Machine," Alison Gopnik contends that the deepest part of our human nature is that we are trying to escape human nature.
A)True
B)False
97
As quoted in "The Mind at Midlife," cognitive neuroscientist Patricia Reuter-Lorenz has found that middle-agers have enduring potential for all of the following qualities except:
A)plasticity.
B)preservation of capacities.
C)reorganization.
D)memorization.
98
One of the middle-aged mind's most striking features, as given in "The Mind at Midlife," is:
A)the variation in cognitive skills found in this age group.
B)improvement in memorization skills.
C)improved ability to focus on tasks.
D)the continued growth of the brain's white matter into the 70s.
99
As stated in "The Mind at Midlife," many middle-aged people are convinced that they are just not as mentally skilled or even as intelligent as they used to be.
A)True
B)False
100
The hypothesis formulated by the authors of "Social Consequences of the Internet for Adolescents" to explain the Internet's positive effects is called the:
A)social-networking interconnectedness hypothesis.
B)Internet-enhanced self-disclosure hypothesis.
C)exponential digital interaction hypothesis.
D)Interweb-derived authentication hypothesis.
101
As asserted in "Social Consequences of the Internet for Adolescents," adolescents consider one of the highest rewards of friendship to be:
A)perceived popularity among their peers.
B)validation of personal choices.
C)the mutual disclosure of intimate topics.
D)companionship, both virtually and actually.
102
As put forth in "Social Consequences of the Internet for Adolescents," adolescents who communicate by computer tend to communicate in a hyperpersonal, unusually intimate way.
A)True
B)False
103
As reported in, "Making Relationships Work," the interviewer John Gottman most patterns his interviews on is:
A)Barbara Walters.
B)Bill Moyers.
C)Larry King.
D)Studs Terkel.
104
As noted in "Making Relationships Work," John Gottman's analysis of fights shows that most people fight about:
A)nothing.
B)sex.
C)money.
D)in-laws.
105
As observed in "Making Relationships Work," John Gottman contends that his research can be applied consistently to the workplace. (F)
A)True
B)False
106
The first emotion many people feel on learning a friend or coworker has lost a loved one, as described in "Blessed Are Those Who Mourn–and Those Who Comfort Them," is:
A)relief.
B)anger.
C)fear.
D)disbelief.
107
The work of Elisabeth Kubler-Ross, as explained in "Blessed Are Those Who Mourn–and Those Who Comfort Them," is directed most specifically at:
A)grieving children.
B)individuals coping with a terminal illness.
C)those who have lost loved ones quickly.
D)new widows and widowers.
108
Unless they know the person well, as suggested in "Blessed Are Those Who Mourn–and Those Who Comfort Them," coworkers should not attend the funeral of the loved one of a colleague.
A)True
B)False
109
As presented in "Harnessing the Wisdom of the Ages," Experience Corps is a program designed to:
A)allow retired seniors to return to school.
B)pair young volunteers with retired seniors for friendship.
C)provide retired volunteer mentors to struggling students in needy schools.
D)help seniors accept retirement and its resulting inactivity with grace and dignity.
110
As stated in "Harnessing the Wisdom of the Ages," functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data on Experience Corps volunteers has shown signs of improvement in the:
A)skeletomuscular system.
B)prefrontal brain region.
C)cardiovascular system.
D)limbic system.
111
As noted in "Harnessing the Wisdom of the Ages," if cognitive benefits increase over time for Experience Corps volunteers, a positive cause-and-effect relationship can be shown.
A)True
B)False
112
The author of "Can Personality Be Changed?" holds that much of an individual's personality is:
A)only encoded in his/her genes.
B)flexible and dynamic.
C)capable of changing only in catastrophic situations, such as war.
D)changed only by the impact of extreme emotions.
113
As cited in "Can Personality Be Changed?", a study found that university students who were taught malleable theory showed all of the following except a/an:
A)greater valuing of academics.
B)enhanced enjoyment of academic work.
C)higher-grade-point averages.
D)greater ability to screen out distractions.
114
As stated in "Can Personality Be Changed?", people who anxiously expect negative responses from others eventually develop stronger relationships.
A)True
B)False
115
The aim of the author of "Evolutionary Psychology and Intelligence Research" is to:
A)gain acceptance of the separation of evolutionary psychology and intelligence research.
B)integrate evolutionary psychology and intelligence research.
C)prove the greater importance of evolutionary psychology to intelligence research.
D)show that intelligence research is the "father" of evolutionary psychology.
116
As addressed in "Evolutionary Psychology and Intelligence Research," the Savanna Principle suggests that:
A)human activity in the African savannas was replicated in many areas of the world.
B)humans readily and quickly adapted to novel situations.
C)there have been few human physical adaptations.
D)the human brain has difficulty comprehending situations that did not exist in the ancestral environment.
117
The author of "Evolutionary Psychology and Intelligence Research," agrees that the concept of universal human nature is not inimical to or incompatible with individual differences (in intelligence or other traits).
A)True
B)False
118
As defined in "Personalized Persuasion," "message tailoring" involves:
A)presenting a universal message that appeals to all recipients.
B)altering a recipient's perception of a negative message to make the message attractive.
C)adapting a persuasive message to a recipient's particular characteristics.
D)altering a recipient's personality characteristics to fit a global message.
119
As claimed in "Personalized Persuasion," framing a message to match a person's motivational orientation involves a focus on either:
A)promoting gains or preventing losses.
B)doing what is right or doing what is wrong.
C)a single psychological construct or multiple psychological constructs.
D)positive personality traits or negative personality traits.
120
As noted in "Personalized Persuasion," the more customized a message is to a particular individual; the more effective it appears to be.
A)True
B)False
121
As claimed in "Enough About You," the way of life that is dying in modern times is the culture of:
A)the pursuit of happiness.
B)competitive individualism.
C)a preoccupation with self.
D)antisocialism.
122
As argued in "Enough About You," the narcissist validates his self-esteem through:
A)his achievements.
B)his own sense of self.
C)others' responses to him.
D)religious affirmations.
123
As stated in "Enough About You," the new narcissist is haunted by anxiety, not guilt.
A)True
B)False
124
As reported in "Replicating Milgram," the original Milgram study was criticized because:
A)one participant was severely injured by electrical shocks.
B)only white male participants were chosen.
C)participants were paid for their involvement in the study.
D)controversy erupted over ethical treatment of participants.
125
As maintained in "Replicating Milgram," in the author's experiment, participants:
A)experienced high-stress and flashbacks after taking part in the experiment.
B)obeyed the experimenter at about the same rate as they did 45 years ago.
C)were too young to draw comparisons with the Holocaust and Abu Ghraib.
D)generally refused to administer electrical shocks.
126
According to "Replicating Milgram," the author's approved experiment used all the same voltage levels as Milgram's original experiment.
A)True
B)False
127
As detailed in "The Psychology and Power of False Confessions," various experiments showed that a confession tainted all of the following except:
A)fingerprint evidence.
B)alibi evidence.
C)eyewitness identification of a suspect in a lineup.
D)DNA evidence.
128
As related in "The Psychology and Power of False Confessions," a petition for clemency was filed on behalf of the "Norfolk Four" by the:
A)Roman Catholic Church.
B)Innocence Project.
C)Amnesty International.
D)families of the four suspects.
129
As pointed out in "The Psychology and Power of False Confessions," one reason jurors give such weight to confessions is that most people cannot imagine what would motivate someone to confess to a crime he or she did not commit; their reasoning is that they would never do that themselves.
A)True
B)False
130
In "We're Wired to Connect," the idea of how people react to one another's emotions is described as similar to:
A)becoming lost in a book.
B)catching a cold.
C)reading an analytical article.
D)attending a religious service.
131
The job of mirror neurons, as explained in "We're Wired to Connect," is to:
A)act as a self-monitor.
B)interpret subtle cues from others.
C)protect the psyche from others' hostility.
D)recognize facial expressions and reflect them back.
132
Most people, as noted in "We're Wired to Connect," do not have a "set point" for happiness and can be profoundly changed by the people with whom they interact.
A)True
B)False
133
As reported in "What Do Men Really Want?", a 1989 study on the campus of Florida State University concluded that heterosexual college men are:
A)only interested in attractive women, for both dating and sexual relations.
B)more likely to date an unattractive stranger than to have sexual relations with her.
C)more likely to have sexual relations with an unattractive stranger than to date her.
D)not interested in dating or having sexual relations with a stranger.
134
As claimed in "What Do Men Really Want?", one of "our planet's most important new developments" is the discovery that men want:
A)sex more than they want love.
B)sex as an enhancement to an emotional relationship.
C)a woman with a slender frame and sharp curves.
D)a variety of women, rather than just one partner.
135
As reported in "What Do Men Really Want?", a universal desire for men is a woman with a .7 waist-to-hip ratio.
A)True
B)False
136
As presented in "Eavesdropping on Happiness," little is known about the daily social life of happy people because:
A)happy people generally choose not to participate in research studies.
B)self-reports are rarely used when evaluating emotions.
C)it is difficult to objectively measure everyday behavior.
D)there are no measures established to examine people's daily behaviors.
137
As reported in "Eavesdropping on Happiness," in the current study, substantive conversations were found to be significantly related to all of the following except time spent:
A)socializing.
B)eating.
C)watching television.
D)self-reporting happiness to others.
138
As noted in "Eavesdropping on Happiness," in the current study, small talk was found to be unrelated to any of the activity categories measured.
A)True
B)False
139
As detailed in "The Kids Aren't All Right," possibly stress-related symptoms reported by children included sleeplessness, upset stomachs, and:
A)nail-biting.
B)depression.
C)nervous tics.
D)headaches.
140
In the survey reported in "The Kids Aren't All Right," about two-thirds of adults reported being diagnosed by a physician with a chronic condition, most commonly high blood pressure or:
A)high cholesterol.
B)acid reflux disease.
C)diabetes.
D)depression.
141
As presented in "The Kids Aren't All Right," fewer than half of adults advised by their physicians to make lifestyle changes for health reasons were told by their physicians why the changes were important.
A)True
B)False
142
As related in "The Recession's Toll on Children," research shows that children who slip into poverty:
A)are usually not affected if the stay is brief.
B)are often not affected.
C)even for a short time, suffer long-term setbacks.
D)can never recover.
143
As given in "The Recession's Toll on Children," research on the gulf in cognitive development between poor and well-off children shows up in all of the following areas except:
A)working memory.
B)muscle mass.
C)impulse regulation.
D)language skills.
144
More than one in five American children was living in poverty at the time "The Recession's Toll on Children" was written.
A)True
B)False
145
According to "Stigma: Alive and Well," the stigma of mental illness:
A)is not recognized by most mentally ill people..
B)has largely faded from American culture.
C)is increasing rapidly despite numerous public-awareness campaigns.
D)often has a toxic effect on people
146
As cited in "Stigma: Alive and Well," the National Institute of Mental Health estimates that the number of adult Americans with a diagnosable mental illness is 1 in:
A)4
B)10
C)15
D)22.
147
As related in "Stigma: Alive and Well," thanks to decades of public information campaigns, Americans are much less suspicious of people with mental illness than in the past.
A)True
B)False
148
As presented in "Hypochondria: The Impossible Illness," according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM), hypochondria can be seen as a fear of having a disease, based on:
A)a misinterpretation of bodily symptoms.
B)a doctor's diagnosis.
C)pain in the upper abdominal region.
D)inadequate medical treatment or reassurances.
149
According to "Hypochondria: The Impossible Illness," part of the elusiveness of hypochondriasis is due to the fact that:
A)most hypochondriacs never seek medical help.
B)hypochondriasis exists on a broad spectrum.
C)most hypochondriacs have no other accompanying issues that need treatment.
D)hypochondriasis has never been recognized by any official body as a real illness.
150
As noted in "Hypochondria: The Impossible Illness," most hypochondriacs generally perceive and self-diagnose their illnesses correctly.
A)True
B)False
151
According to "Bringing Life into Focus," a major problem for adults with Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has been that ADHD has:
A)a very late-in-life onset.
B)not been recognized as a mental or physical disorder.
C)historically been considered a children's disorder.
D)no treatment protocol.
152
As claimed in "Bringing Life into Focus," the majority of children diagnosed with ADHD will:
A)grow out of the disorder within a few years.
B)continue to have symptoms and significant levels of impairment as adults.
C)be able to adjust to the disorder long before adulthood.
D)be misdiagnosed and incorrectly treated.
153
As stated in "Bringing Life into Focus," primary-care physicians are the best professionals to diagnose ADHD in their patients.
A)True
B)False
154
As reported in "The Roots of Mental Illness," a viewpoint that is increasingly gaining supporters in the medical and psychological fields is that mental illness is:
A)a biological disease, just like heart disease or diabetes.
B)a psychological dysfunction based strictly in thought and emotion.
C)diagnosable through X-rays and blood tests.
D)impossible to diagnose and treat, even with the latest technologies.
155
As argued in "The Roots of Mental Illness," one of the biggest problems with moving towards a physiological model of mental illness is that:
A)psychological and psychiatric professionals reject this model.
B)it is difficult to describe mental illnesses in terms of their symptoms.
C)mental-health diagnoses are often large categories that include many different dysfunctions.
D)most people suffering from mental illness require therapeutic intervention in order to recover or function.
156
As noted in "The Roots of Mental Illness," one problem with the biological model of mental illness is that it does not generally account for environmental factors.
A)True
B)False
157
As reported in "PTSD Treatments Grow in Evidence Effectiveness," among the therapies considered by the Veterans Administration most promising for treating Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is:
A)eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing.
B)medication.
C)stress-inoculation training.
D)prolonged-exposure therapy.
158
As noted in "PTSD Treatments Grow in Evidence Effectiveness," medications that have been approved for treatment of PTSD include:
A)Effexor.
B)Wellbutrin.
C)Loperamide.
D)Sertraline.
159
As pointed out in "PTSD Treatments Grow in Evidence Effectiveness," most of the studies of drugs for treating PTSD are funded by pharmaceutical companies.
A)True
B)False
160
According to "When Do Meds Make a Difference?", research consistently shows that:
A)medications are more effective than behavioral interventions.
B)behavioral interventions are not as effective as psychotropic drugs.
C)medications and behavioral interventions can be equally effective.
D)psychotropic drugs have more enduring positive results than behavioral therapy.
161
As noted in "When Do Meds Make a Difference?", the treatment of choice for obsessive-compulsive disorder is:
A)Ritalin.
B)Selexa.
C)combination of behavior therapy and medication.
D)Exposure and Ritual Prevention.
162
As reported in "When Do Meds Make a Difference?", severely depressed adults are particularly amenable to combination treatments.
A)True
B)False
163
As reported in "More Support Needed for Trauma Interventions," the key in helping childhood abuse victims recover is:
A)overcoming parental opposition.
B)finding capable therapists.
C)implementation of standard therapies.
D)providing access to evidence-based therapies.
164
As stated in "More Support Needed for Trauma Interventions," surveys show that of the children who have been abused, the majority were:
A)sexually abused.
B)emotionally abused.
C)physically abused.
D)making false reports.
165
As noted in "More Support Needed for Trauma Interventions," children who are abused and neglected have an increased risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
A)True
B)False
166
As presented in "Yes, Recovery is Possible," one of the biggest problems for patients with mental-health diagnoses is that the mental-health system has not yet embraced the idea of mental illness as a:
A)disability.
B)lifelong disorder.
C)crippling dysfunction.
D)curable illness.
167
According to "Yes, Recovery is Possible," a major development that allowed people with mental illnesses who were once warehoused in state mental institutions to return to their communities was:
A)medications.
B)therapy.
C)insurance.
D)the Internet.
168
As argued in "Yes, Recovery is Possible," mental illness is similar to a heart attack or any other chronic illness.
A)True
B)False





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