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Practice Quiz
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1
As discussed in "Social Problems: Definitions, Theories, and Analysis," because some major social problems can be viewed both as the problem and as the solution, they give rise to:
A)great differences in opinion.
B)faulty solutions.
C)politically motivated answers.
D)misguided interpretations of fact.
2
Some major social problems, according to "Social Problems: Definitions, Theories, and Analysis," give rise to very great differences of opinion because:
A)they can be viewed as both a problem and a solution.
B)there is a preference for the quickest and shortest way to achieve a goal at the least cost.
C)of a belief that American values and institutions represent the best on earth.
D)democracy is based on personal equality and freedom.
3
The Constitution of the United States, according to "Social Problems: Definitions, Theories, and Analysis," clearly specifies what individuals' rights entail.
A)True
B)False
4
In his essay "The Fragmentation of Social Life," D. Stanley Eitzen says that in spite of the current prosperity in America, American social life is threatened by of all of the following except:
A)an increasing isolation.
B)a developing sense of personal individualism.
C)a growing improvement in the economy.
D)greater racial inequality.
5
As stated in "The Fragmentation of Social Life," more time is spent at home with technologies like television and the internet that:
A)allow closer relationships with our families and friends.
B)create an illusion of intimacy and a decrease n person-to-person contact.
C)give a family more free time by allowing shopping and other necessary activities from home.
D)increase our contact with global events.
6
One major sign of fragmentation in the family, according to "The Fragmentation of Social Life," is a decrease of in the time parents spend with their children of almost 22 hours per week compared with the 1960s.
A)True
B)False
7
Much of the debate over how to address the economic crisis, as described in "Spent," has focused on:
A)regulation.
B)law enforcement.
C)ethics.
D)inflation.
8
Most people, as reported in "Spent," willingly pay their taxes because they:
A)worry about the legal consequences of non-compliance.
B)have no choice, as taxes are automatically withdrawn by their employer.
C)consider the burden fairly shared and the monies legitimately spent.
D)want their children to inherit a fiscally strong country.
9
In most areas of life covered by law, as noted in "Spent," the likelihood of getting caught breaking the law is exceptionally high.
A)True
B)False
10
The corporate community, as maintained in "Who Rules America?", is cohesive on policy issues that affect its general welfare when challenged by any of the following except:
A)environmental groups.
B)organized labor.
C)the Christian right.
D)liberals.
11
The Christian right and the corporate community, as pointed out in "Who Rules America?", are able to work together because both groups:
A)have the same goals.
B)distrust government power.
C)have overlapping memberships.
D)are able to raise large sums of money.
12
According to "Who Rules America?", even the highest-ranking members of powerful nonprofit organizations are excluded from the power elite.
A)True
B)False
13
As presented in "Inside the Hidden World of Earmarks," the purpose of the Business Week/Columbia Books analysis was to:
A)compare the earmark funding a company received with the amount the company spent on lobbying.
B)identify the members of Congress who obtained the most earmarks’ money for their states.
C)discover fraud in earmark requ3sts and spending.
D)end the practice of using earmarks to circumvent the budgeting process.
14
As indicated in "Inside the Hidden World of Earmarks," the survey of earmarks and lobbyists showed that the economic sector that received the most dollar value from earmarks was:
A)banking.
B)pharmaceuticals.
C)military contractors.
D)steel manufacturers.
15
In recent years, as claimed in "Inside the Hidden World of Earmarks," the number of lobbyists in Washington, D.C., has exploded.
A)True
B)False
16
In the United States, as put forth in "Foresight for Government," policy makers and the general public appear to have a false sense of security about the country's current position and future prospects as a result of all of the following except:
A)rising levels of education.
B)modest inflation levels.
C)low interest rates.
D)strong economic growth.
17
The GAO report entitled "21st Century Challenges," as described in "Foresight for Government," highlights how much current government policies on a wide variety of issues are based on:
A)optimistic estimates of future conditions.
B)partisan ideology.
C)conditions rooted in the past.
D)protecting the interests of narrowly focused groups.
18
It is not the responsibility of Supreme Audit Institutions (SAI), as pointed out in "Foresight for Government," to alert public officials to key emerging opportunities.
A)True
B)False
19
The United States has been awakened to the need to change the way the world works, as explained in "A Smarter Planet," largely due to the:
A)threat of global climate change.
B)rise of al Qaeda.
C)rapid modernization of China.
D)crisis in financial markets.
20
Largely left out of the discussion of globalization, as maintained in "A Smarter Planet," has been:
A)its impact on public health.
B)the changing structure of corporations.
C)cultural interchange.
D)immigration and population issues.
21
According to "A Smarter Planet," right now, the digital and physical infrastructures of the world are converging, as computational power is put into things that would not be recognized as computers.
A)True
B)False
22
As presented in "Reversal of Fortune," the centuries since Adam Smith launched modern economics with his book The Wealth of Nations have been single-mindedly devoted to the dogged pursuit of:
A)distributed wealth.
B)individualized wealth.
C)maximum economic production.
D)global economic equality.
23
As set forth in "Reversal of Fortune," in some ways, the invention of the idea of economic growth was almost as significant as the invention of:
A)war.
B)movable type.
C)fossil-fuel power.
D)nuclear medicine.
24
As noted in "Reversal of Fortune," mainstream liberals and conservatives no longer compete on the question of who can flog the economy harder.
A)True
B)False
25
As presented in "Born to Buy," the theme running through economist Juliet Schor's three books is that of:
A)unemployment in the United States.
B)longer work hours for less pay.
C)the U.S. consumerist culture.
D)government attempts to stifle media freedom.
26
As claimed in "Born to Buy," one benefit of increased productivity at work that most U.S. employees are not experiencing is:
A)higher wages.
B)better benefits.
C)increased buying power.
D)shorter work hours
27
As noted in "Born to Buy," social pressure has a negative impact on child, but not adult, spending and product consumption.
A)True
B)False
28
The only riot in which a U.S. city was burning during the 1990s, as noted in "Why Aren't U.S. Cities Burning?", occurred in:
A)Chicago.
B)Newark.
C)Los Angeles.
D)Detroit.
29
The civil violence of the 1960s, as described in "Why Aren't U.S. Cities Burning?", erupted at the height of:
A)urban-renewal planning.
B)urban-boundary challenges.
C)illegal immigration.
D)the war on drugs.
30
In U.S. cities, as put forth in "Why Aren't U.S. Cities Burning?", anger and frustration in urban areas has largely turned inward, with gang warfare and random homicides.
A)True
B)False
31
One reason why the United States may come more to resemble the America of Lincoln's better angels than of Nixon's Silent Majority, as set forth in "Who We Are Now," is that:
A)most people are proud of their immigrant heritage.
B)as the U.S. population ages, more immigrants will be allowed in to help support them.
C)who Americans are is more difficult to determine easily in terms of race and ethnicity.
D)younger people are more often interested in learning about people from backgrounds different from theirs.
32
The Immigration Restriction League was formed in the early twentieth century, as explained in "Who We Are Now," because some Nativist Americans thought immigrants from some countries were:
A)socialists.
B)criminals.
C)spies.
D)inferior.
33
Although Hispanics are the country's fastest-growing population, as noted in "Who We Are Now," they still represent populations in only about half of all U.S. counties.
A)True
B)False
34
As noted in "The Invisible Ones," all modern-day slavery, or human trafficking, operates on all of the following techniques except:
A)coercion.
B)psychological abuse.
C)the promise of citizenship.
D)torture.
35
As shown in "The Invisible Ones," law-enforcement and government agencies charged with fighting human trafficking are:
A)generally under-funded and under-staffed.
B)making significant progress in stopping trafficking.
C)often working in opposition to each other.
D)in fact indifferent to the fate of victims.
36
According to "The Invisible Ones," most of the enslaved are young males.
A)True
B)False
37
According to "How Stratification Works," every human society has a social structure that:
A)unites its members under a common banner or flag.
B)divides its members by race, gender, and age.
C)divides its members by a combination of certain traits.
D)unites its member through identified common traits.
38
As presented in "How Stratification Works," an example of a nominal ascribed characteristic is:
A)age.
B)gender.
C)organizational membership.
D)economic status.
39
Some relationship between intergenerational incomes, as suggested in "Goodbye, Horatio Alger," is expected to result from all of the following except:
A)biological inheritance.
B)practical inheritance.
C)cultural privilege.
D)social norms.
40
Today, as argued in "Goodbye, Horatio Alger," the United States is effectively two nations separated by:
A)religious practice and atheism
B)rich and poor.
C)immigrant and native born.
D)education and its lack.
41
The loss of middle-class jobs for high school graduates, as maintained in "Goodbye, Horatio Alger," only became an issue with the rise of off-shoring and global trade.
A)True
B)False
42
As suggested in "The Myth of the 'Culture of Poverty'," perhaps the greatest myth of all is the one that dubs education the:
A)great equalizer.
B)last best hope.
C)path of the privileged.
D)key to success.
43
As noted in "The Myth of the 'Culture of Poverty'," deficit theory establishes the idea of a segment of society that simply has not earned a fair shake, or what H. J. Gans calls the:
A)lazers and grazers.
B)undeserving poor.
C)forgotten families.
D)neglected neighbors.
44
According to "The Myth of the 'Culture of Poverty'," the Economic Policy Institute reported in 2002 that poor working adults spend more hours working each week than their wealthier counterparts.
A)True
B)False
45
As postulated in "Can Extreme Poverty Be Eliminated?" the UN Millennium Project intends to reduce extreme poverty by introducing programs from:
A)the Industrial Revolution.
B)a new kind of development economics.
C)the Green Revolution of the 1960s.
D)influential global businesses.
46
According to "Can Extreme Poverty Be Eliminated?" public opinion in the rich parts of the world frequently attributes extreme poverty to mistakes made by the:
A)United States.
B)United Nations.
C)impoverished countries themselves.
D)affluent nations themselves.
47
As stated in "Can Extreme Poverty Be Eliminated?" Americans usually underestimate the amount of foreign aid supplied by the United States.
A)True
B)False
48
As interpreted in "A Work in Progress," President Clinton's signing of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act on August 22, 1996, represented the first major overhaul of the national welfare system since:
A)Lyndon Johnson's War on Poverty in the 1960s.
B)Lincoln's Reconstruction in the 1860s.
C)FDR's New Deal in the 1930s.
D)Washington's veteran-relief programs in the 1790s.
49
As cited in "A Work in Progress," Toby Herr, founder and director of Project Match in Chicago, which has helped many of the city's poorest people find jobs since 1985, says that her job-seeking clients include:
A)prominent business executives.
B)the long-term detached.
C)a number of illegal aliens.
D)former political leaders.
50
As asserted in "A Work in Progress," the process of moving off welfare is not nearly as complex and erratic as we have been led to believe.
A)True
B)False
51
When pregnant Letorrea Clark first applied for TANF, as put forth in "Brave New Welfare," she was told that she could not apply until she:
A)first found at least a part-time job.
B)moved out of her mother's house.
C)had a commitment that her ex-boyfriend would make regular child-support payments.
D)had given birth to her daughter.
52
After living in foster homes and then a mental hospital, as described in "Brave New Welfare," Letorrea Clark was eventually returned to her mother who:
A)wanted her home only for her disability payment.
B)was hoping to repair their relationship.
C)needed help caring for her other children.
D)had recently completed a drug-treatment program and was doing well.
53
Georgia, as asserted in "Brave New Welfare," is aggressively trying to get thousands of eligible women off the TANF program in order to use the savings elsewhere in the state budget.
A)True
B)False
54
In the white focus group described in "Inequities That Endure?", the biggest problem facing the community was said to be:
A)deteriorating schools.
B)lack of basic services, including grocery stores.
C)government-supported housing.
D)police corruption.
55
According to "Inequities That Endure?", black focus group participants stated that the biggest problem facing their community was:
A)drugs and crime.
B)police brutality.
C)excessive noise and other quality-of-life issues.
D)absentee landlords.
56
Two focus groups, one with African American participants and the other with white participants, presented in "Inequities That Endure?" suggest that the United States continues to have a race problem that has become more elusive and sophisticated than previously.
A)True
B)False
57
As stated in "Why We Hate," xenophobia, the fear of foreigners or other strange-seeming people:
A)is almost uniformly triggered by physical characteristics.
B)can be easily, even arbitrarily, turned on.
C)usually pits peoples from different hemispheres against each other.
D)typically takes generations to develop.
58
As described in "Why We Hate," the researchers Tajfel and Turner found that the root cause of social bias was:
A)identity and categorization.
B)evolution.
C)skin and hair color.
D)lack of wealth.
59
As maintained in "Why We Hate," xenophobia comes out when people are under stress.
A)True
B)False
60
According to "American Dreamers," in commenting on a recent National Intelligence Estimate, intelligence officials expressed particular concern over the rise of Muslim radicalism in:
A)the United States.
B)Canada.
C)Europe.
D)South America.
61
Most of the Muslims who were born in the United States, as noted in "American Dreamers," are:
A)children of immigrants.
B)African American converts.
C)the children of refugees.
D)Asian Americans.
62
Muslim Americans, as explained in "American Dreamers," represent the most affluent, integrated, politically engaged Muslim community in the Western world.
A)True
B)False
63
Back in the 1970s, as presented in "Great Expectations," a close confidante of the vice president offered the opinion that a woman would never be able to serve as president because:
A)women were subject to hormones that made them unstable.
B)no man would ever cast a vote for a woman.
C)women were unable to obtain the necessary education.
D)they lacked the strength to make difficult decisions.
64
Transformational leaders, as described in "Great Expectations," have adopted all of the following strategies except:
A)leading by example.
B)empowering subordinates.
C)responding positively to criticism.
D)focusing on the future.
65
In spite of her powerful role as publisher of the Washington Post, as noted in "Great Expectations," Katharine Graham did not break any feminist ground in creating new, women-focused policies at the newspaper.
A)True
B)False
66
According to "Human Rights, Sex Trafficking, and Prostitution, "the World Health Organization has found that:
A)Thai prostitutes are very healthy.
B)HIV is epidemic in Thailand.
C)sex tourists view prostitution from a self-interested perspective.
D)some 30 percent of women being trafficked for prostitution are minors.
67
As reported in "Human Rights, Sex Trafficking, and Prostitution," the Italian Camorra, Chinese Triads, Russian Mafia, and Japanese Yakuza are:
A)non-governmental organizations that have condemned trafficking in human beings.
B)members of the Coalition Against Trafficking in Women.
C)government bodies that want to separate issues of trafficking from prostitution.
D)powerful criminal syndicates that operate globally in trafficking and prostitution.
68
As noted in "Human Rights, Sex Trafficking, and Prostitution,"during the international debates over the definition of trafficking, a few non-governmental organizations and a minority of governments wanted to separate issues of trafficking from issues of prostitution.
A)True
B)False
69
The states with the highest number of same-sex senior couples, as cited in "Answers to Questions about Marriage Equality," include all of the following except:
A)California.
B)Florida.
C)Illinois.
D)New York.
70
The answer to the apparent dilemma between religious beliefs and support for equal protections for all families, as maintained in "Answers to Questions about Marriage Equality," lies in recognizing that marriage is:
A)a legal contract.
B)not a guarantee of procreation.
C)not an indivisible union.
D)not universally recognized by all religious organizations.
71
Couples who are joined in a civil union in one of the states that allows them, as noted in "Answers to Questions about Marriage Equality," are guaranteed protections when they travel to other states.
A)True
B)False
72
Gender, as described in "(Rethinking) Gender," is increasingly seen as a complex interplay among all of the following except:
A)biology.
B)personal choice.
C)genes.
D)hormones.
73
One way that parents treat boys and girls differently, as cited in "(Rethinking) Gender," is that they typically:
A)become more impatient with crying boys.
B)encourage boys to eat more.
C)talk more to girls.
D)put girls to bed earlier.
74
Almost all of the states, as mentioned in "(Rethinking) Gender," have enacted antidiscrimination laws to protect transgender individuals.
A)True
B)False
75
As shown in "The Frayed Knot," how the best- and least-educated Americans approach marriage and child-rearing is:
A)about the same.
B)little changed from the 1950s.
C)so different it has become a widening gulf.
D)determined more by geography than anything else.
76
As brought out in "The Frayed Knot," compared to children who live with two biological parents, children in single-parent homes are more likely to be all of the following except:
A)academic high achievers.
B)poor.
C)high-school drop-outs.
D)behavioral problems in school.
77
As cited in "The Frayed Knot," the divorce rate among college-educated women has climbed steadily since the 1970s.
A)True
B)False
78
A key problem with the moms-go-home storyline, as maintained in "The Opt-Out Myth," is that it presents the issues surrounding a woman's choice to stay home with her children as:
A)entirely economic.
B)a component of public policies.
C)personal to the individual woman.
D)completely reversible, should she choose to return to work.
79
An important trend that the moms-go-home stories never mention, as pointed out in "The Opt-Out Myth," is that today's workplace:
A)requires all-or-nothing focus.
B)is limiting maternity and other family-related benefits.
C)is increasingly dominated by childless women.
D)offers little security for people with young children.
80
The idea that well-educated women are fleeing their careers in order to stay home and raise their children, as stated in "The Opt-Out Myth," has been touted many times over the past 50 years, even though it is often referred to as a new trend.
A)True
B)False
81
According to "Good Parents, Bad Results," the best discipline programs for children are grounded in:
A)positive reinforcement.
B)the carrot-and-stick approach.
C)corporal punishment.
D)tough love.
82
As brought out in "Good Parents, Bad Results," research has shown that not having behavior limits for children:
A)encourages child creativity.
B)works better with girls than with boys.
C)has been proven to make children more defiant and rebellious.
D)is effective only with school-age children.
83
As asserted in "Good Parents, Bad Results," setting and enforcing rules are an essential part of the job description of being a parent.
A)True
B)False
84
According to "Overworked, Time Poor, and Abandoned by Uncle Sam," the responsibility for the work-family time bind in which most dual-earner households find themselves lies with:
A)working mothers who choose the challenge of the workplace over their family responsibilities.
B)upwardly mobile couples who buy into the U.S. consumer culture.
C)parents who use long work hours as an excuse to avoid responsibilities at home.
D)the structure and policies of the U.S. business world.
85
As suggested in "Overworked, Time Poor, and Abandoned by Uncle Sam," an example of a "work-family reconciliation measure," such as those used in European countries, might be:
A)an onsite day-care facility that allows working mothers to work longer hours.
B)an employer who hires husband-wife teams, so couples could spend more time together.
C)a government cap on the number of hours worked per week and days worked per year.
D)the elimination of part-time jobs, which tend to pull mothers away from their children.
86
As asserted in "Overworked, Time Poor, and Abandoned by Uncle Sam," the market-based options available to U.S. working parents are far superior to the public supports available to working parents in other countries.
A)True
B)False
87
As revealed in "Peer Marriage," the secret to the success of peer unions appears to be:
A)parity of salaries and equal responsibility for finances.
B)a sense of friendship that transcends romantic love.
C)a satisfying and intimate sexual relationship.
D)joint child-rearing.
88
The author of "Peer Marriage" describes her parents' traditional marriage, in which her mother escaped a childhood of poverty by marrying her father, who provided for the family as a:
A)lawyer.
B)doctor.
C)automotive executive.
D)university professor.
89
As mentioned in "Peer Marriage," more men than women leave marriages.
A)True
B)False
90
According to "Against School: How Public Education Cripples Our Kids, and Why," history has shown us that there is a difference between:
A)being intelligent and being smart.
B)school and work.
C)boredom and lack of intelligence.
D)schooling and education.
91
As claimed in "Against School: How Public Education Cripples Our Kids, and Why," a major purpose of the Prussian school system on which our system is based was to:
A)make the populace manageable.
B)turn out strong leaders.
C)create independent thinkers.
D)equalize the rich and the poor.
92
As noted in "Against School: How Public Education Cripples Our Kids, and Why," one function of the Prussian school system was to divide the underclasses.
A)True
B)False
93
As related in "Can the Center Find a Solution That Will Hold?" Microsoft chairman Bill Gates, in a keynote address given at an education summit in 2005, pronounced that high schools in the United States are:
A)unfairly criticized.
B)obsolete.
C)the best centers of learning in the world.
D)meeting the challenges of a new century.
94
As quoted in "Can the Center Find a Solution That Will Hold?" President George W. Bush, in a January 2005 speech, cited a study of math literacy in 39 countries that ranked 15-year-old Americans:
A)27th.
B)18th.
C)9th.
D)1st.
95
As noted in "Can the Center Find a Solution That Will Hold?" most Americans are unified in their goals for high-school reform.
A)True
B)False
96
According to "Fixing Hospitals," one of the biggest obstacles to life-saving changes in today's American hospitals is the:
A)lack of available technology.
B)difficulty of implementing the necessary solutions.
C)resistance of doctors, who demand autonomy.
D)interference of regimented quality-control professionals.
97
As claimed in "Fixing Hospitals," the basic part of practicing medicine that has been neglected by modern medical facilities is:
A)using treatments safely and consistently.
B)identifying appropriate therapies.
C)educating doctors.
D)understanding disease.
98
As suggested in "Fixing Hospitals," changing the culture in which a hospital staff operates is the most important step to positive results.
A)True
B)False
99
Cynthia Johnson, as reported in "The Medical Mafia," first became concerned about the lawsuit and medical procedures arising from her traffic accident when her attorney instructed her to:
A)apply for permanent disability.
B)stop taking her pain medication.
C)undergo psychological treatment.
D)not mention the name of her case coordinator.
100
The insurance case involving Cynthia Johnson, as explained in "The Medical Mafia," became more difficult for her lawyer, Robert Vannah, because the driver of the car that caused the collision was:
A)himself an attorney.
B)an illegal immigrant.
C)a federal prosecutor on government business.
D)a man with his own history of fraud.
101
In the Las Vegas insurance fraud scheme detailed in "The Medical Mafia," the accident victims knew nothing of the alleged conspiracy.
A)True
B)False
102
As presented in "Fighting Crime," street crime in the United States could be significantly reduced by establishing public policy based on:
A)political ideology.
B)costs and benefits.
C)special interests.
D)incarceration and punishment.
103
As claimed in "Fighting Crime," the most effective strategy for utilizing law-enforcement personnel in the reduction of street crime is to:
A)adopt "community policing" programs.
B)identify and focus on crime "hot spots."
C)strengthen punishments for petty crimes.
D)increase the number of police officers.
104
As asserted in "Fighting Crime," the existence of the death penalty in a given state not only does not deter murder, but might even increase the number of murders committed.
A)True
B)False
105
As presented in "The Aggregate Burden of Crime," the majority of studies undertaken to estimate the costs of crime in the United States are problematic because:
A)most crimes go unreported and are therefore not available for study.
B)police department records are highly inaccurate.
C)those carrying out the studies are not trained in law enforcement.
D)the studies do not measure the indirect costs of crime.
106
As claimed in "The Aggregate Burden of Crime," from a societal standpoint, the most important thing about crime is:
A)the extent of damage inflicted by crime.
B)the violence associated with various crimes.
C)whether or not crime can be measured.
D)how citizens can be protected from crime.
107
As noted in "The Aggregate Burden of Crime," incarcerated criminals are potentially valuable members of society's workforce.
A)True
B)False
108
From a commercial perspective, as explained in "The Globalization of Crime," the key to the flow of illicit goods is:
A)recruitment of salespeople.
B)finding recurring customers.
C)logistics.
D)establishing profitable pricing structures.
109
Law-enforcement agencies, as reported in "The Globalization of Crime," have been cooperating more closely with military services because they need access to:
A)advanced weaponry.
B)accurate intelligence.
C)expanded criminal databases.
D)the greater financial resources militaries can often draw on.
110
Preventing money laundering, as mentioned in "The Globalization of Crime," is likely to become even harder as new forms of money and financial instruments emerge.
A)True
B)False
111
As outlined in "Causes and Consequences of Wrongful Convictions," capital punishment in the United States has been erroneously imposed in all of the following situations _except:_
A)self-defense killings.
B)incompetent defense.
C)revenge killings.
D)a murder that never occurred.
112
As noted in "Causes and Consequences of Wrongful Convictions," a recent ruling by Judge Jed S. Rakoff decided that the 1994 federal death penalty statute was unconstitutional because enforcing it:
A)allowed convicted killers to go free.
B)placed undue hardship on the courts.
C)allowed for racial bias.
D)posed an undue risk of executing innocent people.
113
As pointed out in "Causes and Consequences of Wrongful Convictions," since the death penalty was reintroduced in the 1970s, 100 death row prisoners have been released due to findings of innocence.
A)True
B)False
114
The first Children's Courts, as explained in "Reforming Juvenile Justice," were established in 1899 in the states of Illinois and:
A)Massachusetts.
B)Colorado.
C)Vermont.
D)Ohio.
115
The Supreme Court decision involving the case of Gerald Gault, as described in "Reforming Juvenile Justice," involved a 15-year-old defendant serving a 6-year term in a correctional facility for:
A)shoplifting.
B)truancy.
C)making an obscene telephone call.
D)minor assault.
116
The most dramatic example of juvenile correction reform, as related in "Reforming Juvenile Justice," came in the 1970s when the new head of the Department of Youth Services in Massachusetts closed all of the state juvenile facilities to make a completely fresh start.
A)True
B)False
117
As related in "America Incarcerated," the trends in crime and punishment since the mid-1990s have been:
A)more crime but less incarceration.
B)rising imprisonment rates while crime rates have fallen.
C)less crime and less imprisonment.
D)more crime with similar imprisonment rates.
118
As noted in "America Incarcerated," the United States has 5 percent of the world's population, but of the world's prison inmates it has:
A)3 percent.
B)10 percent.
C)25 percent.
D)39 percent.
119
As highlighted in "America Incarcerated," prison inmates are disproportionately drawn from the most disadvantaged parts of society and are vastly disproportionately black and brown.
A)True
B)False
120
When the Terror 2000 report was compiled, as explained in "Defeating Terrorism," the common wisdom at the time held that terrorism was becoming obsolete because it:
A)was quickly treated as merely a criminal matter.
B)extracted too high a price from sponsoring states.
C)failed to obtain public support for the terrorists' goals.
D)supported violent ideologies that were themselves becoming obsolete.
121
Participants in the conference that led to the Terror 2000 report, as pointed out in "Defeating Terrorism," anticipated all of the following features of the September 11, 2001, attacks except:
A)a second, more successful attack on the World Trade Center.
B)the accomplishment of simultaneous assaults on widely separated targets.
C)health concerns arising from the rescue and clean-up efforts.
D)the deliberate crash of an airplane into the Pentagon.
122
The Terror 2000 report, as noted in "Defeating Terrorism," was widely distributed to government officials and military officers when it was first written in 1994.
A)True
B)False
123
The victims of a nuclear terrorist attack that U.S. policy makers are most focused on at the moment, as explained in "Nightmare in Manhattan," are those:
A)who would be killed outright.
B)facing certain death regardless of treatment.
C)at risk of dying without hospital treatment.
D)in need of ongoing medical observation.
124
A deadly serious exposure to radiation, as cited in "Nightmare in Manhattan," would amount to:
A)20 grays.
B)15 grays.
C)10 grays.
D)2 grays.
125
So far, as pointed out in "Nightmare in Manhattan," the U.S. government has taken no significant steps to plan for or prepare for a nuclear terrorist attack in a densely populated location.
A)True
B)False
126
The ideal global population, as maintained in "Enough Already," would be:
A)15 billion.
B)10 billion.
C)5 billion.
D)2 billion.
127
In Europe, as reported in "Enough Already," the lowest birth rate among the following is in:
A)France.
B)Poland.
C)Denmark.
D)Ireland.
128
Among developed countries, as noted in "Enough Already," the United States is the exception to the trend of declining birth rates and population decreases.
A)True
B)False
129
The only region in the developing world, as noted in "The World's New Numbers," in which the birthrate is not falling is:
A)Asia.
B)Latin America.
C)the Middle East.
D)sub-Saharan Africa.
130
The country with one of the most dramatic demographic shifts in human history, as cited in "The World's New Numbers," is:
A)Kenya.
B)Iran.
C)France.
D)Chile.
131
According to "The World's New Numbers," Britain and France, like most of Western Europe, are expected to see steady population decline through the middle of the century.
A)True
B)False
132
According to "Plan B 3.0: Mobilizing to Save Civilization," as stresses from unresolved problems accumulate, weaker governments begin to break down, leading to them becoming what are commonly referred to as:
A)falling stars.
B)failing states.
C)geopolitical breakdowns.
D)negative economies.
133
As noted in "Plan B 3.0: Mobilizing to Save Civilization," the deadly flash floods and landslides in the Philippines in 2004 were caused by:
A)radical temperature fluctuations.
B)rampant deforestation.
C)widespread vandalism of dams and levees.
D)reckless strip mining.
134
As disclosed in "Plan B 3.0: Mobilizing to Save Civilization," glaciers on the Tibet-Qinghai Plateau that feed the Yellow and Yangtze rivers are melting at a rate of approximately 26 percent a year.
A)True
B)False
135
Greenhouse gases, as explained in "The Science of Climate Change," include all of the following except:
A)water vapor.
B)methane.
C)helium.
D)ozone.
136
Adverse conditions arising from climate change, as reported in "The Science of Climate Change," will result in widespread displacement of people and up to 4 billion people experiencing:
A)devastating storms.
B)water shortages.
C)wildfires.
D)devastating tropical diseases.
137
Past climate changes on Earth, as described in "The Science of Climate Change," were either slow enough to allow life to move on and adapt to the conditions or they brought about large-scale extinctions.
A)True
B)False
138
Ron Bailey, as put forth in "Who's Afraid of Human Enhancement?", hopes that biotechnology can eventually accomplish all of the following except:
A)make death optional.
B)restore the environment.
C)reduce the need for food.
D)enhance an individual's intellectual capacities.
139
Eric Cohen explains in "Who's Afraid of Human Enhancement?" that some people are uncomfortable with the biotech revolution because it has the potential to:
A)make life worse in ways that have not been imagined.
B)destroy diversity on the planet.
C)cause new global political tensions.
D)make a small number of people tyrants over those who have not had enhancements.
140
Any regulatory scheme to control biotechnology, as maintained in "Who's Afraid of Human Enhancement?", must have the United States in the forefront, as it is the sole superpower.
A)True
B)False
141
The number of accidents and experiments involving nuclear weapons over the last half-century, as maintained in "The Secret Nuclear War," has resulted in:
A)massive environmental destruction.
B)loss of human life equivalent to the effect of a nuclear war.
C)a better understanding of how radiation exposure can best be treated.
D)more intense inspections of facilities that handle nuclear materials.
142
The citizens of Kosovo and Bosnia, as reported in "The Secret Nuclear War," are suffering a significant increase in the number of cancer deaths because:
A)long-term effects from Soviet-era nuclear experiments are now beginning to affect the health of the population.
B)acid rain and other pollutants have contaminated the soil and water supplies in the region.
C)NATO troops used depleted-uranium shells during the Kosovo war.
D)the quality of their health care has deteriorated as more medical professionals leave the country.
143
The nuclear accident that occurred at Greenham Common in England in the 1950s, as noted in "The Secret Nuclear War," was never fully acknowledged by the U.S. or British governments.
A)True
B)False
144
As predicted in "Update on the State of the Future," by the year 2100 the world population will have:
A)leveled off and will thereafter remain fixed.
B)started to fall.
C)skyrocketed, most likely doubling between now and then.
D)continued to slowly and steadily increase.
145
As noted in "Update on the State of the Future," a feature of modern life that was once seen as a problem and is now seen as part of the solution to poverty, ignorance, disease, and malnutrition is:
A)industrialization.
B)urbanization.
C)segregation.
D)nationalization.
146
As lauded in "Update on the State of the Future," the World Health Organization and national governments around the world have been successful in stopping the spread of HIV.
A)True
B)False
147
As defined in "A User's Guide to the Century," the era of modern economic growth is:
A)on the horizon.
B)already a fading ember.
C)coincidental with the post-World War II era.
D)two centuries old.
148
As explained in "A User's Guide to the Century," during the 1800s, the military dominance of the United States and Western Europe resulting from vast industrial power, and then colonial dominance over Africa and Asia were among the factors that contributed to a century of:
A)expansionism.
B)isolationism.
C)economic divergence.
D)cultural diversity.
149
As asserted in "A User's Guide to the Century," in geopolitical terms, the uni-polar world of the North Atlantic is over.
A)True
B)False
150
Rising levels of anxiety in the United States, as maintained in "The Rise of the Rest," can best be attributed to the:
A)steady dangers of global terrorism.
B)long-lasting financial crisis and recession.
C)sense that established patterns of the past are all changing.
D)global anti-Americanism, fueled by current U.S. military conflicts.
151
When the author of "The Rise of the Rest," was growing up, when he returned to his native India, people would ask him about:
A)Hollywood movies.
B)Michael Jackson.
C)the current U.S. president.
D)Donald Trump.
152
The percentage of citizens who believe the United States is "on the wrong track," as cited in "The Rise of the Rest," is now at its highest point in 25 years.
A)True
B)False





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