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1 | | As related in "How to Be a Wise Consumer of Psychological
Research," perhaps the most important lesson about being a wise consumer of psychological research is that: |
| | A) | the method is more important than the result. |
| | B) | all claims require evidence. |
| | C) | all experiments are manipulated to attain a desired result. |
| | D) | all polls are equally valid. |
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2 | | As noted in "How to Be a Wise Consumer of Psychological
Research," the reason the Gallup Poll was more accurate than the Literary Digest poll in the 1936 election was that Gallup: |
| | A) | allowed respondents to volunteer for the poll. |
| | B) | polled more people. |
| | C) | polled fewer people. |
| | D) | used a form of random sampling. |
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3 | | As pointed out in "How to Be a Wise Consumer of Psychological Research," random assignment guarantees that those assigned to one experimental condition will be as similar as possible to those assigned to a different condition. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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4 | | As reported in "Ethnic and Racial Health Disparities Research:
Issues and Problems," the lack of adequate research pertinent to healthcare for racial and ethnic groups is largely attributable to the fact that: |
| | A) | research is not conducted by members of such groups. |
| | B) | the insurance industry is not interested in such research. |
| | C) | such research is difficult and often requires substantial funding. |
| | D) | government studies must be racially blind. |
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5 | | As noted in "Ethnic and Racial Health Disparities Research:Issues and Problems," in comparing Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and Institute of Medicine definitions of disparities in health, the authors note that: |
| | A) | neither identified health disparities as a major problem. |
| | B) | neither offers useful methods for assessing disparities. |
| | C) | the cultural appropriateness of interventions for ethnic minority populations was the major focus of the nstitute of Medicine. |
| | D) | the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality definition is more inclusive. |
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6 | | As stated in "Ethnic and Racial Health Disparities Research: Issues and Problems," over-sampling ethnic minority groups is never fruitful for researchers. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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7 | | In comparing self-esteem between males and females, the authors of "Self-Esteem Development Across the Lifespan" note that: |
| | A) | gender differences are consistent across the entire life span. |
| | B) | the gender gap emerges in adolescence. |
| | C) | gender differences emerge in middle age. |
| | D) | gender differences are most pronounced in old age. |
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8 | | As pointed out in "Self-Esteem Development Across the Lifespan," self-esteem tends to be highest when people are age: |
| | A) | 15-23. |
| | B) | 30-39. |
| | C) | 40-49. |
| | D) | 60-69. |
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9 | | As stated in "Self-Esteem Development Across the Lifespan,"
self-esteem stability is relatively high during early childhood. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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10 | | The author of "Self-Concordance and Subjective Well-Being in
Four Cultures" explains that self-concordant individuals: |
| | A) | do what is expected of them. |
| | B) | follow their interests and values. |
| | C) | conform to group-centered norms. |
| | D) | feel comfortable following rules. |
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11 | | As brought out in "Self-Concordance and Subjective Well-Being in Four Cultures," self-determination theory (SDT) maintains that: |
| | A) | deferring to others can be positive. |
| | B) | deferring to others causes dissatisfaction. |
| | C) | tradition is more important than personal desires. |
| | D) | personal desires are more important than tradition. |
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12 | | As discussed in "Self-Concordance and Subjective Well-Being in Four Cultures," studies link concordance and happiness, but only in Western cultures. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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13 | | According to "Mirror, Mirror: Seeing Yourself As Others See You," social anxiety is really just an innate response to: |
| | A) | the threat of exclusion. |
| | B) | traumatic experiences in childhood. |
| | C) | poor parenting. |
| | D) | fear of other people. |
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14 | | As discussed in "Mirror, Mirror: Seeing Yourself As Others See
You," people who handle feedback well are usually: |
| | A) | not very curious about the world around them. |
| | B) | open to new experiences. |
| | C) | narcissists. |
| | D) | extremely shy. |
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15 | | As noted in "Mirror, Mirror: Seeing Yourself As Others See You," most people have a very unstable view of themselves. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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16 | | The behavior of participants in studies, as described in "How
Social Perception Can Automatically Influence Behavior," showed assimilation effects when primed with all of the following except: |
| | A) | "professors" or "supermodels." |
| | B) | "Albert Einstein" or "Claudia Schiffer." |
| | C) | hostility or calmness. |
| | D) | rudeness or politeness. |
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17 | | As shown in "How Social Perception Can Automatically Influence Behavior," when testing effects of automatic effects on behavior, it is most important that the participants: |
| | A) | have equivalent prior experiences. |
| | B) | be open to the priming influence. |
| | C) | not suspect any priming influence. |
| | D) | be aware of the priming influence. |
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18 | | As asserted in "How Social Perception Can Automatically
Influence Behavior," knowledge that is incidentally activated in memories can inadvertently influence behavior without the
person's awareness. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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19 | | In discussing flashbulb memories, the author of "Flashbulb
Memories: How Psychological Research Shows That Our Most
Powerful Memories May Be Untrustworthy" points out that: |
| | A) | the most compelling of such memories involve private,
personal events. |
| | B) | such memories can mutate over time. |
| | C) | the first event that prompted the study of such memories was the assassination of John Kennedy. |
| | D) | such memories are more reliable than everyday memories. |
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20 | | As reported in "Flashbulb Memories: How Psychological Research Shows That Our Most Powerful Memories May Be Untrustworthy," President Bush's memories of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001: |
| | A) | are entirely consistent with the facts. |
| | B) | cannot be explained by the theory that planes flew into the buildings. |
| | C) | reveal the frailties of human memory. |
| | D) | consistently hold that he learned about both World Trade Center attacks from television. |
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21 | | As noted in "Flashbulb Memories: How Psychological Research Shows That Our Most Powerful Memories May Be Untrustworthy," the majority of adults studied can be induced to create false memories. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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22 | | According to "Culture Affects Reasoning, Categorization,"
Professor Douglas Medin of Northwestern University: |
| | A) | contends that there is an insurmountable cultural divide
between Menominee American Indians and European-Americans. |
| | B) | believes that culture can have little impact on research. |
| | C) | maintains that culturally based educational frameworks can help students' school adjustment and achievement. |
| | D) | says that it is impossible to bridge barriers between cultures on the subject of nature. |
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23 | | In looking at scores in science among Menominee American Indian students, the author of "Culture Affects Reasoning,
Categorization" points out that: |
| | A) | science is consistently their best subject throughout their education. |
| | B) | science is consistently their worst subject throughout their education. |
| | C) | there is no difference in scores among Indians living on and off the reservation. |
| | D) | science scores deteriorate as they advance through school. |
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24 | | As stated in "Culture Affects Reasoning, Categorization,"
researchers should consistently view culture as an independent variable. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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25 | | As reported in "The Social Nature of Perception and Action,"
predictions about others' action timing are initially based on: |
| | A) | familiarity with visual cues from the others' performance. |
| | B) | generally accepted performance norms. |
| | C) | one's own simulated performance. |
| | D) | knowledge of others' timing mechanisms. |
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26 | | As noted in "The Social Nature of Perception and Action,"
research involving dart throwing found that participants: |
| | A) | could never accurately predict landing position. |
| | B) | could only accurately predict landing position when the
thrower was an expert. |
| | C) | had a higher level of accuracy predicting landing position if the thrower was a close friend. |
| | D) | had the highest level of accuracy predicting landing position of their own throws. |
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27 | | As stated in "The Social Nature of Perception and Action," the
way actions are represented depends on whether one has all possible actions at one's own command. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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28 | | As given in "Perception of Faces and Bodies," children 18 months old differed from those 12 months old in that they looked longer at: |
| | A) | non-scrambled faces and scrambled bodies. |
| | B) | non-scrambled bodies and scrambled faces. |
| | C) | non-scrambled faces and bodies. |
| | D) | scrambled faces and bodies. |
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29 | | As noted in "Perception of Faces and Bodies," the disorder autopagnosia: |
| | A) | affects patients' ability to recognize specific body parts
within the context of the whole body. |
| | B) | causes patients to be unable to recognize individual faces. |
| | C) | affects patients' ability to name specific components of complex objects. |
| | D) | affects the same area of the brain as prosopagnosia. |
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30 | | According to "Perception of Faces and Bodies," the caricature
affect is the phenomenon in which a face with its distinctive
features exaggerated is more difficult to recognize than the original face. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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31 | | As noted in "Implicit Discrimination," the key insight about race in the Implicit Association Test is that: |
| | A) | no bias against any race can be detected. |
| | B) | response times have no bearing on bias. |
| | C) | amygdala activation was the same for black and white faces. |
| | D) | an implicit bias against African Americans shows up as a
response-time differential. |
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32 | | As reported in "Implicit Discrimination," research on the question of whether or not implicit attitudes can be manipulated suggests that: |
| | A) | there is little malleability in implicit attitudes and associated behaviors. |
| | B) | exposure to photographs of admired African Americans led to decrease in anti-black implicit attitudes. |
| | C) | implicit attitudes can be reversed with simple manipulations of the situation. |
| | D) | positive black exemplars are not important attitude cues. |
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33 | | As pointed out in "Implicit Discrimination," research has found
that African American cab drivers receive lower tips than white cab drivers. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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34 | | As presented in "The Science and Practice of Persuasion," sales at Tupperware parties are an example of the: |
| | A) | consistency principle. |
| | B) | bargaining principle. |
| | C) | authority principle. |
| | D) | liking principle. |
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35 | | Examples of simpatico, as given in "The Science and Practice of Persuasion," include all of the following except: |
| | A) | dressing like the customers. |
| | B) | wearing buttons linked to hobbies. |
| | C) | encouraging guests to reuse towels. |
| | D) | commenting on common food aversions. |
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36 | | According to a study discussed in "The Science and Practice of Persuasion," waiters who drew smiley faces on their customers' checks significantly increased their average tip size. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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37 | | According to "In Search of Pro-Americanism," the individual from among the following who is most likely to be pro-American is the: |
| | A) | left-wing German newspaper editor. |
| | B) | angry Arab radical demonstrating on the street. |
| | C) | Indian stockbroker. |
| | D) | French farmer. |
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38 | | As identified in "In Search of Pro-Americanism," the nation in
Central Europe that is most pro-American is: |
| | A) | Bosnia. |
| | B) | Serbia. |
| | C) | Lithuania. |
| | D) | Poland. |
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39 | | As stated in "In Search of Pro-Americanism," around the world, the older people are, the more likely they are to be
pro-American. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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40 | | As reported in "Thin Slices" of Life," Tufts psychologist Nalini Ambady's research has found that students: |
| | A) | cannot assess quickly whether or not they will like a teacher. |
| | B) | are very accurate in their first impressions of teacher
competence. |
| | C) | take a long time to assess teacher competence. |
| | D) | are better judges of teacher competence the longer they see the teachers. |
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41 | | As noted in "Thin Slices" of Life," the trait that strangers seem best at evaluating is: |
| | A) | agreeableness. |
| | B) | conscientiousness. |
| | C) | emotional stability. |
| | D) | extroversion. |
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42 | | As pointed out in "Thin Slices" of Life," there is no correlation between what students say about teachers and what they learn from them. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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43 | | As noted in "Abu Ghraib Brings A Cruel Reawakening," the good that could come out of the Abu Ghraib prison events is that public knowledge of them could: |
| | A) | end torture in the Middle East. |
| | B) | prompt UN involvement in ending torture around the world. |
| | C) | increase awareness of how to diagnose and treat torture. |
| | D) | accelerate the peace process in Iraq. |
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44 | | According to "Abu Ghraib Brings A Cruel Reawakening," the most common mental illness diagnosed in torture survivors is: |
| | A) | schizophrenia. |
| | B) | bipolar disorder. |
| | C) | agoraphobia. |
| | D) | depression. |
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45 | | As established in "Abu Ghraib Brings A Cruel Reawakening,"
torture usually leads to the gathering of reliable and accurate information from those tortured. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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46 | | The most effective and subtle way to persuade people of
something, as maintained in "Persuasion: What Will It Take to Convince You?" is to: |
| | A) | have high status. |
| | B) | befriend them. |
| | C) | give them a low estimate of what it will cost them. |
| | D) | let them believe they are persuading you. |
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47 | | By getting a person to do a small favor for you first, as noted
in "Persuasion: What Will It Take to Convince You?" you: |
| | A) | decrease the chance that she will do you a bigger favor
later. |
| | B) | increase the chance that she will do you a bigger favor
later. |
| | C) | decrease the chance that she will ask you to do a favor for her. |
| | D) | increase the chance that she will ask you to do a favor for her. |
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48 | | As asserted in "Persuasion: What Will It Take to Convince You?" it is difficult for people to stop and reverse themselves once they have made a commitment to something. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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49 | | As suggested in "Contagious Behavior," an example of "contagious behavior" might be: |
| | A) | catching pneumonia from a sick coworker. |
| | B) | responding with anger to an insult or offensive act. |
| | C) | feeling depressed while talking to a friend who is depressed. |
| | D) | laughing at a joke that others do not think is funny. |
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50 | | As presented in "Contagious Behavior," research shows that
people are most likely to internalize the emotion that another person is: |
| | A) | describing. |
| | B) | displaying. |
| | C) | covering up. |
| | D) | thinking about. |
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51 | | As claimed in "Contagious Behavior," the phenomenon of
contagious behavior can be used to cheer up a depressed person or make a sick person feel better. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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52 | | As reported in "Competent Jerks, Lovable Fools, and the
Formation of Social Networks," in the study conducted by the
authors: |
| | A) | four American companies were studied. |
| | B) | all the companies studied were for-profits. |
| | C) | what managers said did not match actual practice. |
| | D) | managers did not admit to employing fools. |
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53 | | As given in "Competent Jerks, Lovable Fools, and the Formation of Social Networks," in the authors' study, the archetype that everyone wanted to work with was the: |
| | A) | lovable star. |
| | B) | incompetent jerk. |
| | C) | lovable fool. |
| | D) | competent jerk. |
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54 | | The research reviewed in "Competent Jerks, Lovable Fools, and the Formation of Social Networks" suggests that familiarity breeds contempt. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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55 | | Probably the most important component of human beauty, as noted in "Isn't She Lovely?" is: |
| | A) | sexual selection. |
| | B) | natural selection. |
| | C) | learned behaviors. |
| | D) | societal norms. |
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56 | | According to "Isn't She Lovely?" psychologist Judith Langlois
conducted probably the first modern experiment on human
attractiveness, in which she determined that: |
| | A) | infants look longer at attractive faces. |
| | B) | men find women most attractive at the age of maximum
fertility. |
| | C) | people judge hyperfeminized characteristics as more appealing than average ones. |
| | D) | women prefer a more masculinized face when they are ovulating than when they are at less fertile times in their cycle. |
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57 | | As stated in "Isn't She Lovely?" most psychologists agree that a deviation from the average explains attractiveness better than averageness does. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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58 | | As identified in "If It's Easy Access That Really Makes You
Click, Log On Here," the major types of online relationships nclude all of the following except: |
| | A) | relationships intended to find an offline sexual or romantic partner. |
| | B) | cyberflirting and cybersex. |
| | C) | informational relationships. |
| | D) | profound online-only romantic relationships. |
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59 | | In a survey cited in "If It's Easy Access That Really Makes You
Click, Log On Here," people online most often changed their: |
| | A) | sexual orientation. |
| | B) | age. |
| | C) | race. |
| | D) | sex. |
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60 | | As stated in "If It's Easy Access That Really Makes You Click,
Log On Here," one paradoxical feature of online romantic elationships is that they encourage deception and sincerity. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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61 | | According to "Brokeback Mountain: A Gay and a Universal Love Story," the film Brokeback Mountain: |
| | A) | was directed by Martin Scorcese. |
| | B) | does not include any original music. |
| | C) | was interpreted differently by different writers and viewers. |
| | D) | was based on a novel by Larry McMurtry. |
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62 | | As related in "Brokeback Mountain: A Gay and a Universal Love Story," Brokeback Mountain was acclaimed as "as observant as a work by Bergman" by: |
| | A) | Robert Roten. |
| | B) | Rob Nelson. |
| | C) | Roger Ebert. |
| | D) | Ilene Serlin. |
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63 | | As reported in "Brokeback Mountain: A Gay and a Universal Love Story," the film Brokeback Mountain is set in the 1990s. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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64 | | As discussed in "The Self-Protective Properties of Stigma:
Evolution of a Modern Classic," the original 1989 paper "The
Self-Protective Properties of Stigma" stated that: |
| | A) | stigmatized people are motivated to perceive prejudice
against them. |
| | B) | explaining stigmatism as prejudice can protect self-esteem. |
| | C) | stigma, or prejudice, has no harmful consequences. |
| | D) | stigma is almost always self-protective. |
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65 | | A study by Brenda Major described in "The Self-Protective
Properties of Stigma: Evolution of a Modern Classic" found that women were less likely to think they had written a good essay when the man who praised their essay: |
| | A) | belonged to a different racial group. |
| | B) | could see they were attractive. |
| | C) | devalued women writers. |
| | D) | was offering low pay. |
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66 | | A study summarized in "The Self-Protective Properties of Stigma: Evolution of a Modern Classic" found that working women are underpaid, relative to men, but women are generally satisfied with their pay |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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67 | | The author of "Leaving Race Behind" suggests that Hispanic
people in the United States: |
| | A) | should consider themselves a separate race. |
| | B) | are a conglomeration of ethnic groups. |
| | C) | must identify themselves as "Other" in the census. |
| | D) | will have more political clout if they accept their identification as white. |
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68 | | As identified in "Leaving Race Behind," factors that account for the changing proportion of Hispanics in the American population and political landscape include that: |
| | A) | immigration from Africa and Latin America is about the same. |
| | B) | Hispanics are more politically active than other minority
groups. |
| | C) | Hispanics have more children that African Americans. |
| | D) | Hispanics view themselves as a separate race. |
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69 | | As pointed out in "Leaving Race Behind," in mid-nineteenth
century America, Irish people were considered nonwhite. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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70 | | According to "Lowered Expectations," Joshua Aronson's fourth grade teachers disliked him because of his: |
| | A) | nonconformity. |
| | B) | having come from another state. |
| | C) | long hair. |
| | D) | inability to keep up with the class. |
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71 | | As reported in "Lowered Expectations," in the research conducted by Steele and Aronson on the subject of stereotype threat, researchers found that: |
| | A) | no students were affected by the label attached to the test. |
| | B) | all students were affected by the label on the test. |
| | C) | white students did better when the test was labeled an
intelligence test. |
| | D) | black students did worse when the test was labeled an intelligence test. |
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72 | | As noted in "Lowered Expectations," the National Center for
Educational Statistics has found a black-white achievement gap for 40 years. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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73 | | In a recent survey, as reported in "Change of Heart," the number of Americans who thought that the state of race relations was either very or somewhat good was about: |
| | A) | 80 percent. |
| | B) | 55 percent. |
| | C) | 40 percent. |
| | D) | 25 percent. |
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74 | | As brought out in "Change of Heart," most Americans believe that the civil rights movement has: |
| | A) | failed. |
| | B) | benefited all Americans. |
| | C) | delivered too many benefits to minorities. |
| | D) | received too much attention. |
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75 | | As pointed out in "Change of Heart," more whites than blacks believe that most of the goals of the civil rights movement have been achieved. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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76 | | The author of "Thin Ice: "Stereotype Threat" and Black College Students" argues that the most effective way to improve the achievement of black students is by: |
| | A) | working to build up an atmosphere of racial trust on campus. |
| | B) | looking at ways to improve their early years in school. |
| | C) | reassessing the fairness of standardized tests. |
| | D) | offering tutoring and plenty of extra help with classwork. |
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77 | | All of the following statements about the performance of African-American students are true, according to "Thin Ice: "Stereotype Threat" and Black College Students," except that |
| | A) | the national college-dropout rate for blacks is much higher than that for whites. |
| | B) | black students do not perform as well as whites on standardized tests. |
| | C) | the grade-point average of black students is below that of whites. |
| | D) | black students who attend the most selective schools do not do as well in postgraduate programs and professional attainment as other students from those schools. |
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78 | | When the researchers whose findings are discussed in "Thin Ice: "Stereotype Threat" and Black College Students" administered a test to students but stressed that it did not measure intellectual ability, the black students still did not perform as well as the whites. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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79 | | As reported in "A Bicultural Perspective on Worldviews," both
Sunni and Shiaa Muslims believe: |
| | A) | that joy comes from Allah. |
| | B) | that the condemnation of Allah is worse than being condemned as a nonbeliever by society. |
| | C) | that this life is the only happiness that will be. |
| | D) | in total and categorical obedience to the faith. |
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80 | | In contrasting Sunnis and Shiaa, the author of "A Bicultural
Perspective on Worldviews" notes that an important difference is that: |
| | A) | Shiaa believe in jihad as a struggle to learn more about
their faith. |
| | B) | Shiaa believe that all of life is predetermined. |
| | C) | Sunnis do not take the Quran literally. |
| | D) | the Shiaa have more schools of thought within their view. |
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81 | | As stated in "A Bicultural Perspective on Worldviews," most
teachings in Iraqi schools during the time of Saddam Hussein
were from the Sunni ideology. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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82 | | According to "Anger on the Road," as a result of his research on road rage, Colorado State University researcher Jerry
Deffenbacher has concluded that: |
| | A) | it is not a serious problem. |
| | B) | it cannot be significantly reduced. |
| | C) | high-anger drivers take more risks on the road. |
| | D) | people never consider themselves high-anger drivers. |
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83 | | In the study on road rage interventions, as discussed in "Anger on the Road," researchers found that: |
| | A) | relaxation therapy was more effective. |
| | B) | relaxation cognitive therapy was more effective. |
| | C) | both therapies were equally effective. |
| | D) | neither therapy was effective. |
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84 | | As pointed out in "Anger on the Road," high-anger drivers are more likely to get into the car angry than other drivers. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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85 | | As presented in "Bullying: It Isn't What It Used To Be," all of
the following are "bullying" except: |
| | A) | one student spreading rumors about another. |
| | B) | a fist-fight between two angry children. |
| | C) | stealing or damaging another child's property. |
| | D) | snapping a bra strap or pulling down pants. |
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|
86 | | As shown in "Bullying: It Isn't What It Used To Be," bullying is
linked to: |
| | A) | incidents of terrorism. |
| | B) | learning disabilities. |
| | C) | school shootings. |
| | D) | D.A.R.E. programs. |
|
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|
87 | | As given in "Bullying: It Isn't What It Used To Be," the adult
version of bullying is called "harassment." |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
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|
88 | | The authors of "Influencing, Negotiating Skills, and
Conflict-Handling: Some Additional Research and Reflections" see negotiation as a subset of: |
| | A) | influencing. |
| | B) | compromise. |
| | C) | conflict-handling. |
| | D) | win-win interactive skills. |
|
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|
89 | | The six influencing strategies, as described in "Influencing,
Negotiating Skills, and Conflict-Handling: Some Additional
Research and Reflections," include all of the following
except: |
| | A) | reason. |
| | B) | assertion. |
| | C) | courting favor. |
| | D) | clarity of focus. |
|
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|
90 | | The authors of "Influencing, Negotiating Skills, and
Conflict-Handling: Some Additional Research and Reflections"
postulate that negotiation works in almost every conflict-resolution situation. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
91 | | As observed in "The Compassionate Instinct," research conducted by scientists at Emory University found that: |
| | A) | the brain does not react to the suffering of others. |
| | B) | helping others produces pleasure in the brain. |
| | C) | there is no biological basis for compassion. |
| | D) | compassion is an irrational emotion. |
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|
92 | | As noted in "The Compassionate Instinct," the author's research on compassion found that: |
| | A) | it has no connection to hormones. |
| | B) | people associate odors with emotions. |
| | C) | nonverbal communication has no role in compassion |
| | D) | it can be communicated through touch. |
|
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|
93 | | As pointed out in "The Compassionate Instinct," when experienced, compassion overwhelms selfish concerns. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
94 | | As characterized in "Gift Giving's Hidden Strings," a healthy
reason for people to give is because: |
| | A) | giving has tax benefits. |
| | B) | it makes them feel good. |
| | C) | they expect recognition. |
| | D) | they feel guilty about having so much. |
|
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|
95 | | As set forth in "Trends in the Social Psychological Study of Justice," social cooperation is made possible by: |
| | A) | an established legal system. |
| | B) | an assumption that others will be fair. |
| | C) | a basis of moral values. |
| | D) | use of currency. |
|
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96 | | During the 1960s and 1970s, as mentioned in "Trends in the
Social Psychological Study of Justice," the primary guiding metaphor of justice research was: |
| | A) | the Golden Rule. |
| | B) | homo economicus. |
| | C) | procedural fairness. |
| | D) | the feel-good principle. |
|
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|
97 | | As defined in "Trends in the Social Psychological Study of
Justice," "negative justice" is "what happens after wrongs have occurred." |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
98 | | According to "Seven Transformations of Leadership," the majority of the leaders surveyed were found to be: |
| | A) | Achievers. |
| | B) | Alchemists. |
| | C) | associated with above average performance. |
| | D) | associated with below average performance. |
|
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99 | | As reported in "Seven Transformations of Leadership," the least productive action logic is: |
| | A) | Strategists. |
| | B) | Experts. |
| | C) | Individualists. |
| | D) | Opportunists. |
|
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|
100 | | As noted in "Seven Transformations of Leadership," it is virtually impossible for a leader to transform from one action
logic to another. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
101 | | The author of "When Followers Become Toxic" makes all of the following statements about the majority except that: |
| | A) | the majority is often right. |
| | B) | the majority can be spectacularly wrong. |
| | C) | the majority should agree with the leader. |
| | D) | following the majority is often a good idea. |
|
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102 | | As given in "When Followers Become Toxic," all of the following statements about cognitive miserlinesss are true except that: |
| | A) | cognitive misers prefer automatic thinking |
| | B) | cognitive misers overemphasize economics. |
| | C) | cognitive miserliness can be reinforced by culture. |
| | D) | cognitive miserliness can endanger a corporation. |
|
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103 | | As asserted in "When Followers Become Toxic," successful leaders will encounter almost no opposition. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
104 | | As related in "To Err Is Human," researchers in the 1971
Stanford Prison Experiment concluded that when given
unrestricted authority and power over others, people will: |
| | A) | yield to the inherent temptation to abuse underlings. |
| | B) | utilize that authority with responsibility and maturity. |
| | C) | identify with their underlings. |
| | D) | fail to identify with their underlings. |
|
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105 | | As noted in "To Err Is Human," recent research proposes a shift in focus from thinking of differing thought patterns and
behaviors as errant to considering that: |
| | A) | the differences in individuals are what make life so
interesting. |
| | B) | those with "errant" behaviors are actually the normal ones. |
| | C) | these behaviors may have practical advantages. |
| | D) | these behaviors cannot be helped and are therefore a natural part of life. |
|
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|
106 | | As reported in "To Err Is Human," the proportion of people
attempting to aid a person in need is inversely related to the
number of bystanders around. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
107 | | As presented in "Senate Intelligence Report: Groupthink Viewed as Culprit in Move to War," the "symptoms" of groupthink include all of the following except: |
| | A) | pressure to conform. |
| | B) | offering of collective wisdom. |
| | C) | members have an illusion of invulnerability. |
| | D) | belief in the inherent morality of the group. |
|
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|
108 | | According to "Sports Complex: The Science Behind Fanatic
Behavior," Murray State University researcher Daniel Wann has found that high identification with a team is associated with high levels of: |
| | A) | alienation. |
| | B) | loneliness. |
| | C) | positive emotion. |
| | D) | negative emotion. |
|
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|
109 | | In discussing those who identify themselves as Chicago Cubs
fans, the author of "Sports Complex: The Science Behind Fanatic Behavior" notes that: |
| | A) | the Cubs are the team their fans love to hate. |
| | B) | Cubs fans are drawn to the experience of seeing the game. |
| | C) | Cubs fans are preternaturally optimistic. |
| | D) | the consistently excellent team explains the fervor of Cubs fans. |
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|
110 | | As pointed out in "Sports Complex: The Science Behind Fanatic Behavior," the vast majority of fans attend games with friends. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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|