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1
According to "Stand and Deliver: Why Did Early Hominids Begin to Walk on Two Feet?" Darwin speculated that the importance of bipedalism was that it:
A)allowed hominids to look over tall grasses and other obstacles to see predators.
B)freed the hands from the demands of locomotion, therby opening the way for toolmaking and other manual activities.
C)gave males an opportunity to carry food back to hapless baby-toting females.
D)is the most energy-efficient way for a hominid to get around on a flat surface.
2
As explained in "Stand and Deliver: Why Did Early Hominids Begin to Walk on Two Feet?" author Craig Stanford argues that:
A)bipedalism was driven by environmental change.
B)the locomotor adaptation of the 3.2-million-year-old skeleton from Ethiopia known as Lucy was transitional.
C)the shift in the hominid diet to fruits and vegetables instead of meat laid the groundwork for their success.
D)from the beginning hominids appear to have been ecological generalists.
3
As profiled in "Stand and Deliver: Why Did Early Hominids Begin to Walk on Two Feet?" despite Craig Stanford's insistence that hominids succeeded because they were generalists, he eventually falls back on environmental change as at least the initial external impetus for the multi-stage sequence of events that led to bipedalism.
A)True
B)False
4
As reported in “Gone but Not Forgotten,” two teams of scientists announced in November 2006 that, for the first time, they had:
A)found evidence in caves of a Neanderthal written language.
B)analyzed DNA from the nuclei of cells preserved in Neanderthal fossils.
C)solved the mystery of why the Neanderthals died out.
D)used DNA to establish a link between the Neanderthals and Australopithecus.
5
As described in “Gone but Not Forgotten,” scientists were concerned with finding a Neanderthal bone that contained enough genetic material and that had:
A)not been contaminated by modern people.
B)been preserved within a fossil.
C)been buried in a family group so the bones could be compared.
D)not been moved from the original burial site.
6
As defined in “Gone but Not Forgotten,” mitochondria carry their own snippets of DNA, which is passed down from father to child with no contribution from the mother.
A)True
B)False
7
As identified in “Out of Africa,” the time that people started to behave like humans has been dubbed by some anthropologists as the:
A)Big Bang.
B)Bronze Age.
C)Great Leap Forward.
D)Dawn of Time.
8
As pointed out in “Out of Africa,” if you share a genetic marker with someone, you share, at the least:
A)eye color.
B)one parent.
C)blood type.
D)an ancestor in the past.
9
As asserted in “Out of Africa,” every person alive can trace his or her ancestry back to Africa.
A)True
B)False
10
As asserted in "Mapping the Past," the "greatest archaeological excavation in history" is being undertaken by geneticists who are recognizing sequences in the human genome that:
A)account for the diversity of the human race.
B)may predict inherited diseases.
C)identify specific human lineages.
D)act as a blueprint for mapping out the makeup of our bodies.
11
According to "Mapping the Past," it is contended that genes cannot wholly account for humanity's diversity because:
A)genes only reflect history.
B)DNA research questions disputes over the identity of a particular people.
C)research has shown that culture usually drives the spread of genes and not vice versa.
D)racial differences are external.
12
As delineated in "First Americans," all of the following are reasons why the theory that the first Americans came by sea has gained credence except that:
A)the Pacific Rim has vast resources of salmon and sea mammals, and people need only the simplest of tools to exploit them.
B)new evidence suggests that the Bering Strait became submerged several thousand years earlier than previously thought.
C)ancient mariners could have had smooth sailing through relatively unchanging coastal environments.
D)there were thawed pockets of coastline in northwest North America where people could take refuge and gather provisions.
13
Current speculation, as related in "First Americans," suggests that the mysterious fifth mtDNA lineage, called X, may have originated in:
A)southern Asia.
B)the Middle East.
C)northern Africa.
D)Eurasia.
14
According to "First Americans," most prehistoric Americans do not really look like anyone alive today, nor do they look much like one another.
A)True
B)False
15
As stated in “Dawn of the City,” the earliest cities are now thought to have been in:
A)western Babylon.
B)southern Greece.
C)northern Mesopotamia.
D)eastern Gaul.
16
As speculated in “Dawn of the City,” mass graves uncovered at Tell Brak were most likely the result of:
A)warfare.
B)infectious disease.
C)famine.
D)ritual sacrifice.
17
As noted in “Dawn of the City,” Hamoukar was the first king of Tell Brak.
A)True
B)False
18
According to the theories of Nicholas Conard as given in “The Dawn of Art,” the beginning of human culture and representational art happened in Swabia, a region of the modern country of:
A)Germany.
B)France.
C)Egypt.
D)Syria.
19
As mentioned in “The Dawn of Art,” American archaeologist Nicholas Conard, excavating in caves in Swabia, has found expertly carved figurines and the world’s oldest:
A)cave paintings.
B)musical instruments.
C)flint tools.
D)pottery shards.
20
As stated in “The Dawn of Art,” the Swabian Jura is a limestone plateau formed near the Danube River.
A)True
B)False
21
As noted in "Prehistory of Warfare," scholars assume that a normal part of human culture was:
A)technology.
B)religion.
C)politics.
D)warfare.
22
According to "Prehistory of Warfare," those that had the most intense warfare of any type of society were:
A)nomadic tribes.
B)forager bands.
C)tribally organized farmers.
D)acorn gatherers.
23
As reported in "Prehistory of Warfare," virtually all the basic textbooks on archaeology ignore the prevalence or significance of past warfare.
A)True
B)False
24
As detailed in "Writing Gets a Rewrite," Denise Schmandt-Besserat proposed that the geometrically-diverse tokens found in Iraq, Syria, and Iran signified:
A)nothing, but were part of an ancient game.
B)deities in a wide-ranging ancient belief system.
C)characters in the first system of writing.
D)different commercial objects and their quantity.
25
As lamented in "Writing Gets a Rewrite," scholars have not split open the hollow, token-filled spheres from Mesopotamia thought to be a major clue to the origins of their writing system because:
A)they can learn more from the intact spheres.
B)they lack the technology to do so.
C)museum curators refuse to let them.
D)they are afraid of destroying vital clues.
26
As noted in "Writing Gets a Rewrite," the Mesopotamian writing system called cuneiform died out less than a century after the Mesopotamian civilization itself.
A)True
B)False
27
As related in "Poets and Psalmists: Goddesses and Theologians," the Sumerian goddess who remained predominant and preeminent to the very end of Sumerian civilization was:
A)Ki.
B)Nammu.
C)Inanna.
D)Baranamtarra.
28
As detailed in "Poets and Psalmists: Goddesses and Theologians," the Sumerian goddess Inanna:
A)lost most of her power and influence through manipulation of her legend by male theologians.
B)took over divine rulership of the city of Erech from the heaven-god An.
C)was secondary to her spouse Dumuzi in popular adoration.
D)had to apologize to Enki, the King of the Deep, for failing to grant him enough power and status.
29
As noted in "Poets and Psalmists: Goddesses and Theologians," the Lagashite goddess Nanshe's husband Nindara was a far less significant figure than she was, and he did not participate in her yearly judgment of mankind.
A)True
B)False
30
As discussed in "The Cradle of Cash," the most important reason for the replacement of the bartering system with the use of cash in Mesopotamia was that money:
A)was easier to carry.
B)did not decay.
C)could be hoarded.
D)could be standardized.
31
The richest citizens of Mesopotamia, according to "The Cradle of Cash," typically paid for their purchases with:
A)silver.
B)gold.
C)copper.
D)barley.
32
There is very little mention of money in the world's earliest written texts, according to "The Cradle of Cash."
A)True
B)False
33
As put forth in “How to Build a Pyramid,” a radical new idea to explain how the pyramids were constructed suggests the use of:
A)cranes.
B)internal ramps.
C)exterior scaffolding.
D)locks similar to those used in canals.
34
As profiled in “How to Build a Pyramid,” the construction of the pharaoh Khufu’s future tomb was supervised by his:
A)brother, Hemienu.
B)granddaughter, Queen Cleopatra.
C)vizier, Rekhmire.
D)chief builder, Menkaure.
35
As mentioned in “How to Build a Pyramid,” the earliest recorded theory of how the pyramids were built was put forth by Herodotus, who visited Egypt when the pyramids were already 2,000 years old.
A)True
B)False
36
Compared to cities in Mesopotamia, according to "Indus Valley, Inc.," a typical Indus Valley city such as Harappa did not have:
A)better sanitation and drainage systems.
B)greater organization and order.
C)less haphazard streets.
D)stronger defenses and a more powerful army.
37
As noted in "Indus Valley, Inc.," the most common image depicted on Indus Valley seals was that of the:
A)elephant.
B)humped bull.
C)unicorn.
D)crocodile.
38
As revealed in "Indus Valley, Inc.," scholars have been unable to decipher the Indus Valley language.
A)True
B)False
39
According to the description given in “Uncovering Ancient Thailand,” the body of a woman that the team dubbed “the Princess,” buried in an elaborately embroidered garment, was most likely a:
A)ruler.
B)mother of a warrior.
C)courtesan.
D)master potter.
40
As mentioned in “Uncovering Ancient Thailand,” Charles Higham refers to Southeast Asian prehistory as:
A)the tabula rasa.
B)an unlimited opportunity.
C)completely misunderstood.
D)a mosaic with few missing pieces.
41
Despite initial misconceptions revealed in “Uncovering Ancient Thailand,” Higham is now convinced that bronze is a Middle Eastern innovation carried into China along the Silk Road and spread to Thailand by the Chinese.
A)True
B)False
42
As cited in "Empires in the Dust," in 1966, British arcaeologist James Mellaart suggested that a whole spectrum of third-millenium civilizations fell because of:
A)drought.
B)barbarian invasions.
C)earthquakes.
D)disruption of trade routes.
43
As described in "Empires in the Dust," Harvey Weiss' studies of early civilizations have convinced him that their economies were fundamentally dependent on:
A)political harmony.
B)ongoing warfare.
C)religious devotion.
D)agricultural production.
44
As discussed in "Empires in the Dust," several neighboring societies were collapsing around the same time that the Mesopotamian civilization fell.
A)True
B)False
45
As stated in “Black Pharaohs,” the first Nubian to rule Egypt was:
A)Shabaka.
B)Piye.
C)Sennacherib.
D)Hezekiah.
46
As reported in “Black Pharaohs,” archaeological sites in Sudan are being threatened by:
A)conflict in Darfur.
B)a hydroelectric dam on the Nile.
C)the Sudanese government’s restrictions against digs by foreigners.
D)sandstorms.
47
As asserted in “Black Pharaohs,” the ancient world was devoid of racism.
A)True
B)False
48
As described in “Messages from the Dead,” the king of Qatna, fearing attack by the Hittites, appealed unsuccessfully for help to the:
A)Israelites.
B)Egyptians.
C)Mitanni.
D)Minoans.
49
As quoted in “Messages from the Dead,” the archaeologist Daniele Bonacossi praised the Hittites for their unwitting role in preserving the clay artifacts at Qatna by:
A)declaring war, thus ensuring the clay tablets were buried by the rulers of Qatna.
B)removing the clay tablets with other plunder after they sacked the city.
C)flooding the city and causing the tablets to be carried downstream.
D)burning everything they found.
50
As detailed in “Messages from the Dead,” the royal crypts at Qatna were guarded by statues of cats, similar to those found in Egypt.
A)True
B)False
51
As identified in “China’s First Empire,” China’s first emperor was:
A)Li Si.
B)Ying Zheng.
C)Meng Tian.
D)Liu Bang.
52
As given in “China’s First Empire,” provincial and local officials of the Qin Empire registered the population and recorded how land was used; this information was used to:
A)collect taxes.
B)compile a census every seven years.
C)determine how troops were deployed to keep order.
D)enable families to arrange marriages for their children.
53
As recounted in “China’s First Empire,” clerks and other officials of the Qin Empire used a more elaborate form of script than their predecessors had because of the complexity of the records they kept.
A)True
B)False
54
As discussed in “Beyond the Family Feud,” debate has long raged among scholars about whether Mesoamerican cultures arose independently of each other or if there was one mother culture, usually held to be the:
A)Aztec.
B)Mayan.
C)Olmec.
D)Chiapas.
55
As profiled in “Beyond the Family Feud,” excavators at El Manati found a ritual deposit with wooden effigies, finely carved axes, polished stones, and:
A)skeletal remains.
B)rubber balls.
C)carved sundials.
D)gold jewelry.
56
As pointed out in “Beyond the Family Feud,” a traditional idea has been that the rise of maize cultivation and its storage is tied to the development of Mesoamerican civilization.
A)True
B)False
57
According to "In Classical Athens, a Market Trading in the Currency of Ideas," the place considered the "living heart" of Classical Athens was the:
A)Deli.
B)Cleisthenes.
C)Agora.
D)Suq.
58
As recounted in "In Classical Athens, a Market Trading in the Currency of Ideas," the famous philosopher who is most closely associated with the Agora, having lived his life and met his death there, was:
A)Plato.
B)Aristotle.
C)Socrates.
D)Pericles.
59
According to "In Classical Athens, a Market Trading in the Currency of Ideas," citizens met in the Agora to trade goods and ideas, gossip, argue, and vote.
A)True
B)False
60
As noted in “Alexander the Great,” the search for the truth of Alexander’s life has been likened to the search for:
A)the Holy Grail.
B)the historical Jesus.
C)details about Cleopatra.
D)the discoverer of America.
61
According to “Alexander the Great,” his mother, Olympias, claimed that he had been fathered by a snake, a reference to:
A)her husband.
B)the Greek god Zeus.
C)the hero Hercules.
D)the Egyptian god Ammon.
62
As related in “Alexander the Great,” at a young age Alexander is said to have tamed a fiery and expensive stallion, Bucephalas.
A)True
B)False
63
As concluded in “Sudden Death,” the gladiatorial games were finally shut down by the:
A)Emperor Claudius.
B)Christians.
C)Thracians.
D)barbarian invaders.
64
As mentioned in “Sudden Death,” the floors of the arenas were covered in sand because the sand:
A)provided better traction for the fighters.
B)made it easier to see the action because the fighters wore dark colors.
C)soaked up the blood.
D)provided a softer surface for the fighters to fall on.
65
As revealed in “Sudden Death,” gladiator sweat was considered such an aphrodisiac that it was used in the facial creams of Roman women.
A)True
B)False
66
The writings the ancient Romans carved into their walls, as described in "Vox Populi: Sex, Lies, and Blood Sport" can be compared to:
A)fresco paintings.
B)graffiti.
C)scriptural compositions.
D)modern memoirs.
67
According to "Vox Populi: Sex, Lies, and Blood Sport," the one of the greatest pleasures celebrated by the Romans was:
A)getting married.
B)a good harvest.
C)engaging in prayer.
D)drinking wine.
68
Most researchers, as noted in "Vox Populi: Sex, Lies, and Blood Sport," consider the Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum complete, and there have been no new entries in several decades.
A)True
B)False
69
As stated in “Woman Power in the Maya World,” the archaeologists knew immediately that they had found a royal tomb because of the presence of:
A)giant carved stone heads.
B)greenstone, sacred jade.
C)a royal chariot.
D)a pyramid enclosing the tomb.
70
As specified in “Woman Power in the Maya World,” researchers found, in the tomb of the royal woman, jade plaques that were normally affixed to a wooden helmet; these helmets were only worn by:
A)queens.
B)brides.
C)war leaders.
D)slaves in the royal household.
71
As noted in “Woman Power in the Maya World,” Waka’ was important because it was strategically located between two powerful Maya capitals, Calamul and Tikal.
A)True
B)False
72
As revealed in “Secrets of a Desert Metropolis,” one startling discovery at Petra was in an area thought to be a marketplace that was actually:
A)a theater with seating for several thousand.
B)public gardens with a huge pool.
C)an assembly hall for the Nabataean parliament.
D)a temple for ritual sacrifices.
73
According to “Secrets of a Desert Metropolis,” Petra’s wealth was built on trade by camel caravan of:
A)spices such as nutmeg and cinnamon.
B)gold and ivory.
C)olive oil.
D)aromatic resins such as frankincense and myrrh.
74
As given in “Secrets of a Desert Metropolis,” Petra enjoyed water brought to the city by ceramic pipes that ran for more than three miles.
A)True
B)False
75
All of the following are movements that the author of "It Happened Only Once in History" credits to the Jews except:
A)communism.
B)Christianity.
C)the Renaissance.
D)psychoanalysis.
76
The mode of interpreting history rejected by the author of "It Happened Only Once in History" is:
A)political interpretation.
B)geographic interpretation.
C)economic interpretation.
D)unhistoric interpretation.
77
According to "It Happened Only Once in History," the Jews have lasted 4,000 years and have had 6 cultures in 6 alien civilizations.
A)True
B)False
78
As explained in "Ancient Jewel," all of the following are critically important central tenets of the Indian way of thinking except that:
A)the senses can lead to a perfect understanding of the world around us.
B)all changes in the world take place through cycles.
C)new experiences and ideas are simply absorbed into, and made a part of, old experiences.
D)opposites coexist in the world.
79
The low percentage of literacy of the Indian people, according to "Ancient Jewel," is misleading because:
A)India has so few written works.
B)of the strong oral traditions present in India since antiquity.
C)there are so many different Indian dialects.
D)the population density of India is nearly 10 times that of the United States.
80
Classical India, as claimed in "Ancient Jewel," was isolated from developing civilizations in other parts of the world.
A)True
B)False
81
As explained in "What Is the Koran?" many Muslims are reluctant to have the Koran reinterpreted because they:
A)believe that the Yemeni fragments and other pieces of accumulated textual evidence are forgeries.
B)fear that it may lead to the destruction of Islam.
C)fear that the Bible will be revealed as the more reliable text.
D)believe it is the direct and perfect Word of God and thus its sanctity and authority cannot be questioned.
82
As discussed in "What Is the Koran?" the authors of the controversial 1977 book Hagarism: The Making of the Islamic World asserted all of the following about the origins of Islam except that:
A)the term "Muslim" was not commonly used in early Islam.
B)the idea of the hijra may have evolved long after Muhummad died.
C)Mecca was not the initial Islamic sanctuary.
D)the text of the Koran came into being earlier than is now believed.
83
As reported in "What Is the Koran?" the Koran has traditionally been read and recited in the original Arabic by Muslims worldwide, the majority of whom do not speak the language.
A)True
B)False
84
Of the following great world religions, as discussed in "The Dome of the Rock: Jerusalem's Epicenter," the only one for which Jerusalem is not sacred is:
A)Hinduism.
B)Judaism.
C)Islam.
D)Christianity.
85
As revealed in "The Dome of the Rock: Jerusalem's Epicenter," Muslims believe that:
A)Moses was the first of the great prophets.
B)Jesus Christ was equal to Muhammad in importance as a prophet.
C)God only revealed his teachings to Muhammad, and there have been no other prophets.
D)Muhammad was the last of the prophets, the culmination of all that had gone before.
86
As stated in "The Dome of the Rock: Jerusalem's Epicenter," the calligraphy encircling the structure of the Dome of the Rock contains all the Qur'anic verses about the prophet Jesus.
A)True
B)False
87
As explained in “First Churches of the Jesus Cult,” the mosaic floor discovered at Tel Megiddo is inconveniently located in an archaeological site beneath a:
A)prison.
B)McDonald’s restaurant.
C)synagogue.
D)government office building.
88
As given in “First Churches of the Jesus Cult,” despite recent and still controversial finds, the only undisputed early (pre-Constantine) Christian worship site is at:
A)Tel Megiddo.
B)Capernaum.
C)Dura Europas.
D)Aqaba.
89
As reported in “First Churches of the Jesus Cult,” the practice of using bread and wine for the Eucharist started after Christians began meeting in formal church buildings.
A)True
B)False
90
As pointed out in "Women in Ancient Christianity: The New Discoveries," the earliest Christian writing definitely by a woman is by:
A)Prisca, a prophet who helped to inspire the Montanist movement.
B)Mary Magdalene, the follower of Jesus dubbed "apostle to the apostles."
C)Junia, a prominent apostle who had been jailed for her beliefs, addressed by Paul in one of his letters.
D)Perpetua, a wealthy woman put to death in Carthage on the charge of being a Christian.
91
As related in "Women in Ancient Christianity: The New Discoveries," it is argued in the Gospel of Mary that:
A)women are more suited to spiritual leadership than men.
B)Mary Magdalene was a repentant prostitute.
C)leadership should be based on spiritual maturity, regardless of gender.
D)female leadership is an heretical concept.
92
As stated in "Women in Ancient Christianity: The New Discoveries," every variety of ancient Christianity that advocated the legitimacy of women's leadership was eventually declared heretical.
A)True
B)False
93
The Eastern Roman Empire managed to outlast the Western Empire, as explained in "The Survival of the Eastern Roman Empire," for all of the following reasons except that it had:
A)more skillful individual leaders.
B)a more strategic location.
C)a wealthier agricultural base.
D)leaders who practiced a higher order of statecraft.
94
The enemies of Rome who could boast the most centralized, sophisticated state, as identified in "The Survival of the Eastern Roman Empire," were the:
A)Huns.
B)Visigoths.
C)Persians.
D)Franks.
95
As noted in "The Survival of the Eastern Roman Empire," Alaric was a strong leader of the Germanic tribe known as the Vandals.
A)True
B)False
96
Whereas the research of the early archaeologists who studied Mayan culture was concerned mainly with the lives of religious and political leaders, as discussed in "The New Maya," the work of more recent scholars focuses on:
A)road building.
B)common people.
C)temple construction.
D)analysis of hieroglyphics.
97
As maintained in "The New Maya," the most common occupation for people in Mayan societies was:
A)trade.
B)agricultural production.
C)the manufacture and selling of pottery.
D)religious duties.
98
Postwar archaeological research, as profiled in "The New Maya," has revealed that Mayan cities were designed mainly as centers for religious activity.
A)True
B)False
99
Regarding the Holy Roman Empire, as maintained in "The Ideal of Unity," the people of Europe over the last thousand years have wanted to believe in its existence because the idea of unity was important to strengthening their:
A)image as peaceful people.
B)sense of greatness.
C)racial identities.
D)commitment to exploration and achievement.
100
During the days of the classical Roman Empire, as cited in "The Ideal of Unity," the emperor was, at least in theory, always chosen by the:
A)previous emperor as an heir.
B)army and people.
C)high priests.
D)governing Senate.
101
The actual coronation of Charlemagne as Holy Roman Emperor, as described in "The Ideal of Unity," suggested, along with Charlemagne's protestations, that the ceremony had not been planned prior to the Pope's actions on Christmas Day, 800.
A)True
B)False
102
During Europe's Middle Ages, as maintained in "The Arab Roots of European Medicine," Arab physicians:
A)produced great works of scholarship that never reached Europe.
B)did Europe a great service by rescuing important classical works from obscurity and translating them, but added very few of their own ideas.
C)not only provided a line of transmission for the medical knowledge of the classical world, but also corrected and enormously expanded that knowledge.
D)came to study at the great European universities and carried their knowledge back to the Islamic world.
103
As shown in "The Arab Roots of European Medicine," the Arabs established the first hospitals, the prototypes upon which modern hospitals are based. They were known as:
A)bimaristans.
B)caliphs.
C)saydalani.
D)canons.
104
Although medieval Europeans were not sophisticated about medicine, as recounted in "The Arab Roots of European Medicine," they did understand the importance of hygiene.
A)True
B)False
105
According to "The Age of the Vikings," the Vikings were noted as all of the following except:
A)explorers.
B)warriors.
C)merchants.
D)religious leaders.
106
As characterized in "The Age of the Vikings," the age of the Vikings lasted about:
A)500 years.
B)250 years.
C)100 years.
D)50 years.
107
As disclosed in "The Age of the Vikings," the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle described the first great Viking raid on England in 793.
A)True
B)False
108
According to "The Fall of Constantinople," the Ottomans wanted to capture the city for all of the following reasons except its:
A)strategic military importance.
B)material wealth.
C)population, which could be enslaved.
D)reputation as a great city and imperial capital.
109
As stated in "The Fall of Constantinople," the factor that sealed the fate of the city was:
A)an outbreak of plague within the city.
B)the defenders' inability to invest in the current technology of warfare.
C)desertions by Italian allies.
D)the presence in the city of Muslim spies.
110
As noted in "The Fall of Constantinople," the siege of Constantinople by the Ottoman Turks was a surprise to the Byzantine Christians.
A)True
B)False
111
As claimed in "1492: The Prequel," Chinese admiral Zheng He commanded an armada that was not surpassed until:
A)the Spanish Armada.
B)the Napoleonic Wars.
C)World War I.
D)World War II.
112
According to "1492: The Prequel," the struggle for power in China was between the:
A)scholars and the military.
B)military and religious leaders.
C)scholars and the palace eunuchs.
D)middle class and the peasants.
113
The author of "1492: The Prequel" believes that the retreat of Asia into relative isolation after the voyages of Zheng He amounted to a catastrophic missed opportunity.
A)True
B)False
114
The Jewish leader Don Isaac Abravanel, as profiled in "The Other 1492: Jews and Muslims in Columbus's Spain," would have been allowed to stay in Spain after 1492 had he agreed to give up his:
A)wealth.
B)position.
C)faith.
D)mobility.
115
The event that helped motivate Ferdinand and Isabella to expel Muslims and Jews from Spain in 1492, as indicated in "The Other 1492: Jews and Muslims in Columbus's Spain," was:
A)the Ottoman Turkish conquest of Constantinople in 1453.
B)Columbus's impending voyage in search of a new passage to Asia.
C)the 1412 law that limited the rights of Jews and Muslims in Spain.
D)pogroms against Spanish Jews that took place in 1391.
116
As disclosed in "The Other 1492: Jews and Muslims in Columbus's Spain," there is no truth to the legend that the Jews of Toledo welcomed the Moorish armies in 711.
A)True
B)False
117
As explained in "The Far West's Challenge to the World, 1500-1700 A.D.," disease was a factor that contributed to European domination elsewhere in the world after 1500 because:
A)Europeans learned to deliberately spread diseases to other peoples as a means of conquest.
B)European diseases became lethal epidemics among many populations around the world, while foreign diseases had little effect on Europe.
C)epidemics such as smallpox and measles spread through Europe at an astounding rate, drastically reducing the amount of resources required by the population.
D)many other populations swiftly developed immunities to European diseases, making contact with other cultures easier.
118
As stated in "The Far West's Challenge to the World, 1500-1700 no other European nations approached the early overseas successes of:
A)England and Scotland.
B)France and the Netherlands.
C)Spain and Portugal.
D)Germany and Belgium.
119
Chinese civilization, as pointed out in "The Far West's Challenge to the World, 1500-1700 A.D.," was seriously affected by the spread of European power and influence after 1500 and quickly succumbed to European domination.
A)True
B)False
120
For thousands of years, as stated in "A Taste of Adventure," the secret of the spice trade was:
A)keeping prices low so that spices could be afforded by all.
B)great demand and highly controlled supply.
C)lively competition among the Arabs, Indians, and other suppliers to the benefit of consumers.
D)ensuring that spices could be grown all around the world and in large quantities.
121
To fight against the Arab stranglehold on the spice market, according to "A Taste of Adventure," the Romans began, around 40 to trade with:
A)India.
B)Africa.
C)the Spice Islands.
D)China.
122
Pepper is still the world's most-important traded spice, according to "A Taste of Adventure."
A)True
B)False
123
As recounted in "After Dire Straits, an Agonizing Haul Across the Pacific," one of Magellan's ships, in 1523, was the first to:
A)cross the Atlantic.
B)cross the Pacific.
C)circumnavigate the Earth.
D)discover a route from Europe to the Spice Islands.
124
As described in “The Significance of Lepanto,” the battle of Lepanto pitted the naval forces of the Ottoman Empire against those of the Holy League, an alliance of:
A)England and Denmark.
B)France and Germany.
C)Spain and Venice.
D)Greece and Rome.
125
As presented in “The Significance of Lepanto,” the tradition of barbarian horsemen conquering and replacing established empires ended in the eighteenth century because:
A)western empires had more sophisticated weapons than the barbarians.
B)there were no more large empires to conquer.
C)new methods of communication removed the important element of surprise from barbarian attacks.
D)the Qing Chinese empire had conquered and subdued the last of the barbarian nomadic empires.
126
As mentioned in “The Significance of Lepanto,” the Ottoman Empire did not fall until after World War I.
A)True
B)False





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