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1
As reported in "Gone but Not Forgotten," two teams of scientists announced in November 2006 that, for the first time, they had:
A)found evidence in caves of a Neanderthal written language.
B)analyzed DNA from the nuclei of cells preserved in Neanderthal fossils.
C)solved the mystery of why the Neanderthals died out.
D)used DNA to establish a link between the Neanderthals and Australopithecus.
2
As described in "Gone but Not Forgotten," scientists were concerned with finding a Neanderthal bone that contained enough genetic material and that had:
A)not been contaminated by modern people.
B)been preserved within a fossil.
C)been buried in a family group so the bones could be compared.
D)not been moved from the original burial site.
3
As defined in "Gone but Not Forgotten," mitochondria carry their own snippets of DNA, which is passed down from father to child with no contribution from the mother.
A)True
B)False
4
As identified in "Out of Africa," the time that people started to behave like humans has been dubbed by some anthropologists as the:
A)Big Bang.
B)Bronze Age.
C)Great Leap Forward.
D)Dawn of Time.
5
As pointed out in "Out of Africa," if you share a genetic marker with someone, you share, at the least:
A)eye color.
B)one parent.
C)blood type.
D)an ancestor in the past.
6
As asserted in "Out of Africa," every person alive can trace his or her ancestry back to Africa.
A)True
B)False
7
As delineated in "First Americans," all of the following are reasons why the theory that the first Americans came by sea has gained credence except that:
A)the Pacific Rim has vast resources of salmon and sea mammals, and people need only the simplest of tools to exploit them.
B)new evidence suggests that the Bering Strait became submerged several thousand years earlier than previously thought.
C)ancient mariners could have had smooth sailing through relatively unchanging coastal environments.
D)there were thawed pockets of coastline in northwest North America where people could take refuge and gather provisions.
8
Current speculation, as related in "First Americans," suggests that the mysterious fifth mtDNA lineage, called X, may have originated in:
A)southern Asia.
B)the Middle East.
C)northern Africa.
D)Eurasia.
9
According to "First Americans," most prehistoric Americans do not really look like anyone alive today, nor do they look much like one another.
A)True
B)False
10
As presented in "Stone Age India," the "rare bookmark" in India that could mark the most important event in human history is:
A)the Jurreru Valley.
B)volcanic ash.
C)Neanderthal-made tools.
D)Homo-sapiens-made tools.
11
As defined in "Stone Age India," a "bottleneck" refers to a:
A)specific type of prehistoric tool.
B)slowdown in migration when large populations attempted to leave Africa.
C)specific type of volcanic eruption.
D)drastic population drop.
12
As noted in "Stone Age India," based on archeologist Mike Petraglia's findings, it is possible that the residents of India during the time of the Toba volcano were modern humans.
A)True
B)False
13
As presented in "Kelp Highways," the prevailing notion of the earliest human migrations is that humans:
A)migrated out of Africa on foot and remained primarily inland.
B)explored the world in simple boats.
C)built bridges to cross various bodies of water.
D)became "stuck" on various land masses due to an inability to cross water.
14
As claimed in "Kelp Highways," our new understanding of climate and sea-level change sheds light on the puzzling question of how humans were able to:
A)survive the Ice Age.
B)survive the massive flooding that occurred at the end of the Ice Age.
C)colonize the globe so quickly after their exodus from Africa.
D)travel by water without seafaring technology.
15
As noted in "Kelp Highways," 50,000 years ago, humans did not have the tools or the cognitive abilities to navigate through water from one land mass to another.
A)True
B)False
16
According to "Who Were the Hurrians?", recent evidence indicates that the Hurrians were a:
A)small, marginal tribe that existed at the fringes of Mesopotamian civilization in the third millennium B.C.
B)mythical group of gods worshipped by Hittites and later influencing the creation of Roman and Greek gods.
C)powerful band of warriors that defeated Semitic-speaking populations and ruled the Mesopotamian region for much of the third millennium B.C.
D)small but strong population in the Mesopotamian region that influenced music, language, and spirituality throughout the region.
17
As noted in "Who Were the Hurrians?", Urkesh was the Hurrian:
A)capital.
B)god of the underworld.
C)language.
D)king.
18
As explained in "Who Were the Hurrians?", one of the biggest difficulties for scholars in working with Hurrian artifacts is their inability to translate Hurrian written script.
A)True
B)False
19
As stated in "Dawn of the City," the earliest cities are now thought to have been in:
A)western Babylon.
B)southern Greece.
C)northern Mesopotamia.
D)eastern Gaul.
20
As speculated in "Dawn of the City," mass graves uncovered at Tell Brak were most likely the result of:
A)warfare.
B)infectious disease.
C)famine.
D)ritual sacrifice.
21
As noted in "Dawn of the City," Hamoukar was the first king of Tell Brak.
A)True
B)False
22
According to the theories of Nicholas Conard as given in "The Dawn of Art," the beginning of human culture and representational art happened in Swabia, a region of the modern country of:
A)Germany.
B)France.
C)Egypt.
D)Syria.
23
As mentioned in "The Dawn of Art," American archaeologist Nicholas Conard, excavating in caves in Swabia, has found expertly carved figurines and the world's oldest:
A)cave paintings.
B)musical instruments.
C)flint tools.
D)pottery shards.
24
As stated in "The Dawn of Art," the Swabian Jura is a limestone plateau formed near the Danube River.
A)True
B)False
25
As noted in "Prehistory of Warfare," scholars assume that a normal part of human culture was:
A)technology.
B)religion.
C)politics.
D)warfare.
26
According to "Prehistory of Warfare," those that had the most intense warfare of any type of society were:
A)nomadic tribes.
B)forager bands.
C)tribally organized farmers.
D)acorn gatherers.
27
As reported in "Prehistory of Warfare," virtually all the basic textbooks on archaeology ignore the prevalence or significance of past warfare.
A)True
B)False
28
As detailed in "Writing Gets a Rewrite," Denise Schmandt-Besserat proposed that the geometrically-diverse tokens found in Iraq, Syria, and Iran signified:
A)nothing, but were part of an ancient game.
B)deities in a wide-ranging ancient belief system.
C)characters in the first system of writing.
D)different commercial objects and their quantity.
29
As lamented in "Writing Gets a Rewrite," scholars have not split open the hollow, token-filled spheres from Mesopotamia thought to be a major clue to the origins of their writing system because:
A)they can learn more from the intact spheres.
B)they lack the technology to do so.
C)museum curators refuse to let them.
D)they are afraid of destroying vital clues.
30
As noted in "Writing Gets a Rewrite," the Mesopotamian writing system called cuneiform died out less than a century after the Mesopotamian civilization itself.
A)True
B)False
31
As put forth in "How to Build a Pyramid," a radical new idea to explain how the pyramids were constructed suggests the use of:
A)cranes.
B)internal ramps.
C)exterior scaffolding.
D)locks similar to those used in canals.
32
As profiled in "How to Build a Pyramid," the construction of the pharaoh Khufu's future tomb was supervised by his:
A)brother, Hemienu.
B)granddaughter, Queen Cleopatra.
C)vizier, Rekhmire.
D)chief builder, Menkaure.
33
As mentioned in "How to Build a Pyramid," the earliest recorded theory of how the pyramids were built was put forth by Herodotus, who visited Egypt when the pyramids were already 2,000 years old.
A)True
B)False
34
As detailed in "Multiculturalism in History: Indian, the Multicultural Paradigm," the roots of India's multiculturalism extend back to the:
A)invasion by Alexander the Great.
B)nonviolent administration policies of Mauryan emperor Ashoka.
C)invasion of South Asia by Indo-Aryan tribes.
D)Emperor Chandragupta Maurya's Indian unification efforts.
35
As explained in "Multiculturalism in History: Indian, the Multicultural Paradigm," the emergence of Hinduism in India was a result of the:
A)merging of Aryan and pre-Aryan practices, institutions, and deities.
B)emergence of the Buddha as a spiritual figure.
C)merging of Buddhism and Jainism.
D)need for a caste system in order to establish a workable economic system.
36
As claimed in "Multiculturalism in History: Indian, the Multicultural Paradigm," the most enduring change in Indian culture was brought about by Muslim invaders.
A)True
B)False
37
According to the description given in "Uncovering Ancient Thailand," the body of a woman that the team dubbed "the Princess," buried in an elaborately embroidered garment, was most likely a:
A)ruler.
B)mother of a warrior.
C)courtesan.
D)master potter.
38
As mentioned in "Uncovering Ancient Thailand," Charles Higham refers to Southeast Asian prehistory as:
A)the tabula rasa.
B)an unlimited opportunity.
C)completely misunderstood.
D)a mosaic with few missing pieces.
39
Despite initial misconceptions revealed in "Uncovering Ancient Thailand," Higham is now convinced that bronze is a Middle Eastern innovation carried into China along the Silk Road and spread to Thailand by the Chinese.
A)True
B)False
40
As stated in "Black Pharaohs," the first Nubian to rule Egypt was:
A)Shabaka.
B)Piye.
C)Sennacherib.
D)Hezekiah.
41
As reported in "Black Pharaohs," archaeological sites in Sudan are being threatened by:
A)conflict in Darfur.
B)a hydroelectric dam on the Nile.
C)the Sudanese government's restrictions against digs by foreigners.
D)sandstorms.
42
As asserted in "Black Pharaohs," the ancient world was devoid of racism.
A)True
B)False
43
As profiled in "The Gold of Kush," archeologists working to uncover information on the Kingdom of Kush were in a race against time due to:
A)competition from teams from several different countries.
B)threats from the Egyptian government to halt the project.
C)the completion of the Merowe Dam, which would flood the area.
D)attempts by the Sudanese military to protect the site.
44
As explained in "The Gold of Kush," based on excavations of Kush, it was apparent that Kush's power rested in part on its ability to:
A)control the water supply to the region.
B)influence affairs in Egypt.
C)act as an outpost for Egypt.
D)extract gold from the sands of the Nile Valley.
45
As noted in "The Gold of Kush," Kush appears to have been both a trade partner and an enemy of Egypt.
A)True
B)False
46
As described in "Messages from the Dead," the king of Qatna, fearing attack by the Hittites, appealed unsuccessfully for help to the:
A)Israelites.
B)Egyptians.
C)Mitanni.
D)Minoans.
47
As quoted in "Messages from the Dead," the archaeologist Daniele Bonacossi praised the Hittites for their unwitting role in preserving the clay artifacts at Qatna by:
A)declaring war, thus ensuring the clay tablets were buried by the rulers of Qatna.
B)removing the clay tablets with other plunder after they sacked the city.
C)flooding the city and causing the tablets to be carried downstream.
D)burning everything they found.
48
As detailed in "Messages from the Dead," the royal crypts at Qatna were guarded by statues of cats, similar to those found in Egypt.
A)True
B)False
49
As identified in "China's First Empire," China's first emperor was:
A)Li Si.
B)Ying Zheng.
C)Meng Tian.
D)Liu Bang.
50
As given in "China's First Empire," provincial and local officials of the Qin Empire registered the population and recorded how land was used; this information was used to:
A)collect taxes.
B)compile a census every seven years.
C)determine how troops were deployed to keep order.
D)enable families to arrange marriages for their children.
51
As recounted in "China's First Empire," clerks and other officials of the Qin Empire used a more elaborate form of script than their predecessors had because of the complexity of the records they kept.
A)True
B)False
52
As discussed in "Beyond the Family Feud," debate has long raged among scholars about whether Mesoamerican cultures arose independently of each other or if there was one mother culture, usually held to be the:
A)Aztec.
B)Mayan.
C)Olmec.
D)Chiapas.
53
As profiled in "Beyond the Family Feud," excavators at El Manati found a ritual deposit with wooden effigies, finely carved axes, polished stones, and:
A)skeletal remains.
B)rubber balls.
C)carved sundials.
D)gold jewelry.
54
As pointed out in "Beyond the Family Feud," a traditional idea has been that the rise of maize cultivation and its storage is tied to the development of Mesoamerican civilization.
A)True
B)False
55
According to "Unlocking the Mysteries of the Parthenon," in the original building of the Parthenon:
A)work lasted for almost a century.
B)laborers had the benefit of many years of experience.
C)inferior tools hampered precision.
D)the overall plan was painstakingly followed.
56
As observed in "Unlocking the Mysteries of the Parthenon," likely the most costly part of building the Parthenon was the:
A)quarrying.
B)hauling.
C)assembling.
D)fluting.
57
As noted in "Unlocking the Mysteries of the Parthenon," the citizens of Athens had no voice in the decision to build the Parthenon.
A)True
B)False
58
As noted in "Alexander the Great," the search for the truth of Alexander's life has been likened to the search for:
A)the Holy Grail.
B)the historical Jesus.
C)details about Cleopatra.
D)the discoverer of America.
59
According to "Alexander the Great," his mother, Olympias, claimed that he had been fathered by a snake, a reference to:
A)her husband.
B)the Greek god Zeus.
C)the hero Hercules.
D)the Egyptian god Ammon.
60
As related in "Alexander the Great," at a young age Alexander is said to have tamed a fiery and expensive stallion, Bucephalas.
A)True
B)False
61
As concluded in "Sudden Death," the gladiatorial games were finally shut down by the:
A)Emperor Claudius.
B)Christians.
C)Thracians.
D)barbarian invaders.
62
As mentioned in "Sudden Death," the floors of the arenas were covered in sand because the sand:
A)provided better traction for the fighters.
B)made it easier to see the action because the fighters wore dark colors.
C)soaked up the blood.
D)provided a softer surface for the fighters to fall on.
63
As revealed in "Sudden Death," gladiator sweat was considered such an aphrodisiac that it was used in the facial creams of Roman women.
A)True
B)False
64
The human accomplishments of the Roman Empire, as pointed out in "The Great Jewish Revolt Against Rome, 66-73 CE," were only achieved because Rome was able to:
A)enslave conquered peoples.
B)skim off agricultural surpluses from villages across the Empire.
C)loot the wealth of the upper classes in its territory.
D)learn from the technologies of others.
65
The Essene vision of liberation contained in the Dead Sea Scrolls, as explained in "The Great Jewish Revolt Against Rome, 66-73 C.E.," revolved around:
A)a violent uprising.
B)peaceful submission to hardship.
C)learning and prayer.
D)the idea of the Apocalypse.
66
In his writings, as described in "The Great Jewish Revolt Against Rome, 66-73 CE," the Jewish priest and historian Josephus praised the popular leaders of the resistance as heroes and saviors.
A)True
B)False
67
The writings the ancient Romans carved into their walls, as described in "Vox Populi: Sex, Lies, and Blood Sport" can be compared to:
A)fresco paintings.
B)graffiti.
C)scriptural compositions.
D)modern memoirs.
68
According to "Vox Populi: Sex, Lies, and Blood Sport," the one of the greatest pleasures celebrated by the Romans was:
A)getting married.
B)a good harvest.
C)engaging in prayer.
D)drinking wine.
69
Most researchers, as noted in "Vox Populi: Sex, Lies, and Blood Sport," consider the Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum complete, and there have been no new entries in several decades.
A)True
B)False
70
As stated in "Woman Power in the Maya World," the archaeologists knew immediately that they had found a royal tomb because of the presence of:
A)giant carved stone heads.
B)greenstone, sacred jade.
C)a royal chariot.
D)a pyramid enclosing the tomb.
71
As specified in "Woman Power in the Maya World," researchers found, in the tomb of the royal woman, jade plaques that were normally affixed to a wooden helmet; these helmets were only worn by:
A)queens.
B)brides.
C)war leaders.
D)slaves in the royal household.
72
As noted in "Woman Power in the Maya World," Waka' was important because it was strategically located between two powerful Maya capitals, Calamul and Tikal.
A)True
B)False
73
As revealed in "Secrets of a Desert Metropolis," one startling discovery at Petra was in an area thought to be a marketplace that was actually:
A)a theater with seating for several thousand.
B)public gardens with a huge pool
C)an assembly hall for the Nabataean parliament.
D)a temple for ritual sacrifices.
74
According to "Secrets of a Desert Metropolis," Petra's wealth was built on trade by camel caravan of:
A)spices such as nutmeg and cinnamon.
B)gold and ivory.
C)olive oil.
D)aromatic resins such as frankincense and myrrh.
75
As given in "Secrets of a Desert Metropolis," Petra enjoyed water brought to the city by ceramic pipes that ran for more than three miles.
A)True
B)False
76
As explained in "Ancient Jewel," all of the following are critically important central tenets of the Indian way of thinking except that:
A)the senses can lead to a perfect understanding of the world around us.
B)all changes in the world take place through cycles.
C)new experiences and ideas are simply absorbed into, and made a part of, old experiences.
D)opposites coexist in the world.
77
The low percentage of literacy of the Indian people, according to "Ancient Jewel," is misleading because:
A)India has so few written works.
B)of the strong oral traditions present in India since antiquity.
C)there are so many different Indian dialects.
D)the population density of India is nearly 10 times that of the United States.
78
Classical India, as claimed in "Ancient Jewel," was isolated from developing civilizations in other parts of the world.
A)True
B)False
79
According to "The Shrine of Islam's Tragic Divisions," the Sunni-Shia schism in Islam can be traced back to the:
A)U.S. invasion of Iraq.
B)death of the Prophet Mohammed.
C)murder of Ali ibn Abi Talib.
D)battle at Kerbala.
80
As described in "The Shrine of Islam's Tragic Divisions," when Ali ibn Abi Talib ascended to the caliphate, he moved the capital of the caliphate to:
A)Kufa.
B)Medina.
C)Mecca.
D)Basra.
81
As noted in "The Shrine of Islam's Tragic Divisions," Ali's decision to move the capital of Islam was hailed by most Muslims as a shrewd political decision.
A)True
B)False
82
Of the following great world religions, as discussed in "The Dome of the Rock: Jerusalem's Epicenter," the only one for which Jerusalem is not sacred is:
A)Hinduism.
B)Judaism.
C)Islam.
D)Christianity.
83
As revealed in "The Dome of the Rock: Jerusalem's Epicenter," Muslims believe that:
A)Moses was the first of the great prophets.
B)Jesus Christ was equal to Muhammad in importance as a prophet.
C)God only revealed his teachings to Muhammad, and there have been no other prophets.
D)Muhammad was the last of the prophets, the culmination of all that had gone before.
84
As stated in "The Dome of the Rock: Jerusalem's Epicenter," the calligraphy encircling the structure of the Dome of the Rock contains all the Qur'anic verses about the prophet Jesus.
A)True
B)False
85
According to "Universal Rights and Cultural Relativism: Hinduism and Islam Deconstructed," the concept of cultural relativism has long been used in Hindu and Islamic societies to:
A)degrade and marginalize women.
B)promote questionable religious texts.
C)honor male and female differences.
D)interpret religious texts in various ways.
86
As explained in "Universal Rights and Cultural Relativism: Hinduism and Islam Deconstructed," the original, authoritative scriptures of both the Hindu and Muslim religions teach that:
A)women are inferior to men.
B)men are inferior to women.
C)men and women should be held in equal regard.
D)women should be killed if they violate the tenets of the religion.
87
As noted in "Universal Rights and Cultural Relativism: Hinduism and Islam Deconstructed," the Universal Declaration of Human Rights protects the civil, political, social, and cultural rights of men only.
A)True
B)False
88
As explained in "First Churches of the Jesus Cult," the mosaic floor discovered at Tel Megiddo is inconveniently located in an archaeological site beneath a:
A)prison.
B)McDonald's restaurant.
C)synagogue.
D)government office building.
89
As given in "First Churches of the Jesus Cult," despite recent and still controversial finds, the only undisputed early (pre-Constantine) Christian worship site is at:
A)Tel Megiddo.
B)Capernaum.
C)Dura Europas.
D)Aqaba.
90
As reported in "First Churches of the Jesus Cult," the practice of using bread and wine for the Eucharist started after Christians began meeting in formal church buildings.
A)True
B)False
91
As pointed out in "Women in Ancient Christianity: The New Discoveries," the earliest Christian writing definitely by a woman is by:
A)Prisca, a prophet who helped to inspire the Montanist movement.
B)Mary Magdalene, the follower of Jesus dubbed "apostle to the apostles."
C)Junia, a prominent apostle who had been jailed for her beliefs, addressed by Paul in one of his letters.
D)Perpetua, a wealthy woman put to death in Carthage on the charge of being a Christian.
92
As related in "Women in Ancient Christianity: The New Discoveries," it is argued in the Gospel of Mary that:
A)women are more suited to spiritual leadership than men.
B)Mary Magdalene was a repentant prostitute.
C)leadership should be based on spiritual maturity, regardless of gender.
D)female leadership is an heretical concept.
93
As stated in "Women in Ancient Christianity: The New Discoveries," every variety of ancient Christianity that advocated the legitimacy of women's leadership was eventually declared heretical.
A)True
B)False
94
The Eastern Roman Empire managed to outlast the Western Empire, as explained in "The Survival of the Eastern Roman Empire," for all of the following reasons except that it had:
A)more skillful individual leaders.
B)a more strategic location.
C)a wealthier agricultural base.
D)leaders who practiced a higher order of statecraft.
95
The enemies of Rome who could boast the most centralized, sophisticated state, as identified in "The Survival of the Eastern Roman Empire," were the:
A)Huns.
B)Visigoths.
C)Persians.
D)Franks.
96
As noted in "The Survival of the Eastern Roman Empire," Alaric was a strong leader of the Germanic tribe known as the Vandals.
A)True
B)False
97
According to "Trophy Skulls and Beer," archeological discoveries indicated that the Wari were a Peruvian people who:
A)lived atop a small mountain in harsh conditions that caused their eventual extinction.
B)controlled a wide swath of the region through military power and extensive entertaining.
C)branched off from the larger Incan civilization to live a rural, agrarian existence.
D)survived by producing drugs and beer for surrounding communities.
98
According to "Trophy Skulls and Beer," for an ancient civilization, living on top of a mountain would have been a display of:
A)poverty.
B)poor judgment.
C)religiosity.
D)wealth and power.
99
As noted in "Trophy Skulls and Beer," the chicha produced by the Wari likely served to impress and woo local leaders.
A)True
B)False
100
Regarding the Holy Roman Empire, as maintained in "The Ideal of Unity," the people of Europe over the last thousand years have wanted to believe in its existence because the idea of unity was important to strengthening their:
A)image as peaceful people.
B)sense of greatness.
C)racial identities.
D)commitment to exploration and achievement.
101
During the days of the classical Roman Empire, as cited in "The Ideal of Unity," the emperor was, at least in theory, always chosen by the:
A)previous emperor as an heir.
B)army and people.
C)high priests.
D)governing Senate.
102
The actual coronation of Charlemagne as Holy Roman Emperor, as described in "The Ideal of Unity," suggested, along with Charlemagne's protestations, that the ceremony had not been planned prior to the Pope's actions on Christmas Day, 800.
A)True
B)False
103
As portrayed in "Who Were the Anasazi?", a current issue with relation to this ancient culture involves the:
A)practice of Anasazi cannibalism.
B)Anasazi relationship to the Navajo.
C)validity of the Chaco site creation story.
D)Hopi rejection of the Anasazi as their ancestors.
104
As presented in "Who Were the Anasazi?", the scholarly interpretation of historic Chaco is that it was:
A)built by enslaved ancient Navajo people.
B)the home of a melting pot of various Native American groups.
C)a site for human sacrifice.
D)a Pueblo gathering place for the sharing of ceremonies and traditions.
105
As noted in "Who Were the Anasazi?", the theory that the Navajo descended from the Anasazi is an unpopular one among Southwestern archeologists.
A)True
B)False
106
According to "The Age of the Vikings," the Vikings were noted as all of the following except:
A)explorers.
B)warriors.
C)merchants.
D)religious leaders.
107
As characterized in "The Age of the Vikings," the age of the Vikings lasted about:
A)500 years.
B)250 years.
C)100 years.
D)50 years.
108
As disclosed in "The Age of the Vikings," the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle described the first great Viking raid on England in 79
A)True
B)False
109
According to "The Fall of Constantinople," the Ottomans wanted to capture the city for all of the following reasons except its:
A)strategic military importance.
B)material wealth.
C)population, which could be enslaved.
D)reputation as a great city and imperial capital.
110
As stated in "The Fall of Constantinople," the factor that sealed the fate of the city was:
A)an outbreak of plague within the city.
B)the defenders' inability to invest in the current technology of warfare.
C)desertions by Italian allies.
D)the presence in the city of Muslim spies.
111
As noted in "The Fall of Constantinople," the siege of Constantinople by the Ottoman Turks was a surprise to the Byzantine Christians.
A)True
B)False
112
As given in "The Explorer Marco Polo," the mission of Marco Polo on his voyage for the Yuan ruler Khubilai Khan was to:
A)bring evidence of Khubilai Khan's conversion to Christianity to the pope.
B)deliver extravagant gifts from the Mongols to the leaders of the Italian city-states.
C)escort and deliver a bride for a Mongol sultan.
D)present a treaty offered by the Mongol ruler to the doge of Venice.
113
As claimed in "The Explorer Marco Polo," Sri Lanka was particularly noted for its:
A)beautiful women.
B)cannibals.
C)elaborate temples.
D)precious stones.
114
As pointed out in "The Explorer Marco Polo," almost all medieval travelers remarked on the linguistic diversity they encountered.
A)True
B)False
115
As claimed in "1492: The Prequel," Chinese admiral Zheng He commanded an armada that was not surpassed until:
A)the Spanish Armada.
B)the Napoleonic Wars.
C)World War I.
D)World War II.
116
According to "1492: The Prequel," the struggle for power in China was between the:
A)scholars and the military.
B)military and religious leaders.
C)scholars and the palace eunuchs.
D)middle class and the peasants.
117
The author of "1492: The Prequel" believes that the retreat of Asia into relative isolation after the voyages of Zheng He amounted to a catastrophic missed opportunity.
A)True
B)False
118
The Jewish leader Don Isaac Abravanel, as profiled in "The Other 1492: Jews and Muslims in Columbus's Spain," would have been allowed to stay in Spain after 1492 had he agreed to give up his:
A)wealth.
B)position.
C)faith.
D)mobility.
119
The event that helped motivate Ferdinand and Isabella to expel Muslims and Jews from Spain in 1492, as indicated in "The Other 1492: Jews and Muslims in Columbus's Spain," was:
A)the Ottoman Turkish conquest of Constantinople in 1453.
B)Columbus's impending voyage in search of a new passage to Asia.
C)the 1412 law that limited the rights of Jews and Muslims in Spain.
D)pogroms against Spanish Jews that took place in 1391.
120
As disclosed in "The Other 1492: Jews and Muslims in Columbus's Spain," there is no truth to the legend that the Jews of Toledo welcomed the Moorish armies in 711.
A)True
B)False
121
For thousands of years, as stated in "A Taste of Adventure," the secret of the spice trade was:
A)keeping prices low so that spices could be afforded by all.
B)great demand and highly controlled supply.
C)lively competition among the Arabs, Indians, and other suppliers to the benefit of consumers.
D)ensuring that spices could be grown all around the world and in large quantities.
122
To fight against the Arab stranglehold on the spice market, according to "A Taste of Adventure," the Romans began, around 40 A.D., to trade with:
A)India.
B)Africa.
C)the Spice Islands.
D)China.
123
Pepper is still the world's most-important traded spice, according to "A Taste of Adventure."
A)True
B)False
124
As described in "The Significance of Lepanto," the battle of Lepantopitted the naval forces of the Ottoman Empire against those of the Holy League, an alliance of:
A)England and Denmark.
B)France and Germany.
C)Spain and Venice.
D)Greece and Rome.
125
As presented in "The Significance of Lepanto," the tradition of barbarian horsemen conquering and replacing established empires ended in the eighteenth century because:
A)western empires had more sophisticated weapons than the barbarians.
B)there were no more large empires to conquer.
C)new methods of communication removed the important element of surprise from barbarian attacks.
D)the Qing Chinese empire had conquered and subdued the last of the barbarian nomadic empires.
126
As mentioned in "The Significance of Lepanto," the Ottoman Empire did not fall until after World War I.
A)True
B)False
127
According to "Do Civilizations Really Collapse?", criticism of author Jared Diamond's work focuses on his:
A)claim that Western culture is superior due to the superior genetics of the population.
B)poor storytelling abilities.
C)failure to recognize the uniqueness and complexity of individual cultures.
D)lack of concern for the environment.
128
As defined in "Do Civilizations Really Collapse?", "ecocide" refers to the collapse of a society due to:
A)mismanagement of the environment.
B)economic and social elitism.
C)genetic inferiority.
D)a dysfunctional culture.
129
As noted in "Do Civilizations Really Collapse?", one of Diamond's focuses that elicits admiration from social scientists is his stance on environmental issues.
A)True
B)False





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