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1
As claimed in "Aztecs: A New Perspective," to the Aztec people, the ritual of next-laualli was seen as:
A)human sacrifice.
B)the spoils of war.
C)a sacred debt payment to the gods.
D)retribution for stolen land.
2
As explained in "Aztecs: A New Perspective," the Chichimecs were a peaceful people until:
A)their land was overrun by neighboring tribes.
B)they became divinely inspired to fulfill a destiny of conquest.
C)the Spaniards arrived and began slaughtering them.
D)their religious temple was destroyed by an act of a vengeful god.
3
As noted in "Aztecs: A New Perspective," the term "Aztec" has been applied to a culture that was, in reality, highly ethnically diverse.
A)True
B)False
4
As claimed in "The Peopling of Canada," from the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries, European immigration to Canada was:
A)rapid, due to plentiful fisheries and opportunities for fur trapping.
B)limited, because only men were allowed to immigrate.
C)slow, due to limited economic opportunities.
D)nearly impossible, because the French monarchy prohibited it.
5
As outlined in "The Peopling of Canada," at least one-third of the total colonists of early New France were:
A)women.
B)soldiers.
C)slaves.
D)merchants.
6
As noted in "The Peopling of Canada," one of the difficulties in creating large colonies in early New France was that women outnumbered men by two to one.
A)True
B)False
7
According to "400 Years of the East India Company," the English East India Company was:
A)primarily a military organization.
B)a missionary organization.
C)a trading organization.
D)a humanitarian organization.
8
As discussed in "400 Years of the East India Company," the English East India Company governed its empire from:
A)Bombay.
B)Calcutta.
C)London.
D)Singapore.
9
According to "400 Years of the East India Company," the English East India Company pursued both private and public interests.
A)True
B)False
10
As claimed in "The Ottomans in Europe," the Ottoman Empire in the sixteenth century made all of Europe "quake with fear" for all of the following reasons except that its:
A)capital city was larger than Paris.
B)people were strongly united in their Christian faith.
C)army was the largest in Europe.
D)navy ruled the eastern Mediterranean shipping lanes.
11
As explained in "The Ottomans in Europe," the event that allowed the advancing Ottomans to begin complete domination of the eastern Mediterranean was the:
A)murder of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V.
B)severe weather conditions in Europe that made it impossible for Vienna to defend itself.
C)seizure of Belgrade by Suleiman the Magnificent.
D)defeat of Hungary in the Long War.
12
As noted in "The Ottomans in Europe," under Turkish rule, Balkan peasants were forced to become feudal slaves.
A)True
B)False
13
As revealed in “Queen of the India Trade,” Jiddah’s prosperity was based on its role as a center of trade between India and:
A)Egypt.
B)Spain.
C)Indonesia.
D)Russia.
14
As pointed out in “Queen of the India Trade,” control of Jiddah meant control of Islam’s two holy cities:
A)Jiddah and Jerusalem.
B)Baghdad and Tehran.
C)Makkah and Madinah.
D)Constantinople and Beirut.
15
As reported in “Queen of the India Trade,” Jiddah took on new strategic importance in 1498 with the Portuguese discovery of the route into the Indian Ocean around the Cape of Good Hope.
A)True
B)False
16
According to "How American Slavery Led to the Birth of Liberia," the most dangerous foe of the Liberia colony was:
A)neighboring Sierra Leone.
B)corruption in government.
C)disease.
D)racial discrimination.
17
As pointed out in "How American Slavery Led to the Birth of Liberia," among those who supported the American Colonization Society were all of the following except:
A)Daniel Webster.
B)William Lloyd Garrison.
C)Francis Scott Key.
D)Henry Clay.
18
As stated in "How American Slavery Led to the Birth of Liberia," Liberia was the first independent country run by black people in modern Africa.
A)True
B)False
19
As stated in “Fighting the Afghans in the 19th Century,” British intervention in Afghanistan stemmed from growing British concerns about the ambitions in central Asia of:
A)China.
B)Spain.
C)Japan.
D)Russia.
20
As presented in “Fighting the Afghans in the 19th Century,” Afghan leaders acquired ready cash from:
A)systematic plundering of neighboring lands during military raids.
B)bribes from the British to stay out of India.
C)the opium trade.
D)oppressive taxes on their subjects.
21
As noted in “Fighting the Afghans in the 19th Century,” the British invaded Afghanistan in late 1838 with the aid of the Sikh ruler of the Punjab, Ranjit Singh.
A)True
B)False
22
As concluded in "New Light on the 'Heart of Darkness,'" Conrad's novel:
A)reflected both a truth and a horror at the core of Empire.
B)had little effect in promoting humanitarianism.
C)is no longer considered relevant.
D)was seen as fantasy without basis in fact when it was published.
23
As maintained in "New Light on the 'Heart of Darkness,'" the novel is set in:
A)South Africa.
B)Madagascar.
C)the Congo Free State, also known as the Belgian Congo.
D)Kenya.
24
As recounted in "New Light on the 'Heart of Darkness,'" retired British diplomat Sir Roger Casement was executed by the British for supporting the Irish rebellion of 1916.
A)True
B)False
25
As discussed in “The World, the Flesh and the Devil,” the Malleus Maleficarum, a book often linked with the witch hunts of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, was written by the Dominican monk:
A)Martin Luther.
B)Heinrich Kramer.
C)Tomas de Torquemada.
D)Theodoric von Freiberg.
26
As pointed out in “The World, the Flesh and the Devil,” the area with the most witch hunts and killing of witches was:
A)Germany.
B)France.
C)Spain.
D)Italy.
27
The author of “The World, the Flesh and the Devil” confirms Dan Brown’s claim in The Da Vinci Code that the Church burned at the stake 5 million women as witches.
A)True
B)False
28
According to “The Luther Legacy,” Jakob Burckhandt correctly identified the Reformation as:
A)a sowing of the seeds of doubt.
B)the renunciation of reason.
C)an escape from discipline.
D)the confirmation of nonconformity.
29
As reported in “The Luther Legacy,” the freeing revelation to Martin Luther was in the Bible verse that says:
A)as you sow, so shall you reap.
B)render unto Caesar what is Caesar’s.
C)by their works you will know them.
D)the just man will live by faith.
30
As stated in “The Luther Legacy,” Martin Luther had an abhorrence of anarchy.
A)True
B)False
31
As depicted in “Elizabeth I,” Elizabeth’s image as a Virgin Queen encompassed references not only to the Virgin Mary, but also to various goddesses, including:
A)Athena, Hera, and Nemesis.
B)Diana, Phoebe, and Cynthia.
C)Hestia, Nyx, and Gaia.
D)Psyche, Circe, and Cybele.
32
As noted in “Elizabeth I,” the Scottish Calvinist preacher John Knox wrote against female monarchy in The First Blast of the Trumpet Against the Monstrous Regiment of Women, a work specifically contesting the right to be queen of the Catholic:
A)Elizabeth I.
B)Mary I.
C)Eleanor of Aquitaine.
D)Empress Matilda.
33
As theorized in “Elizabeth I,” declining respect for the aging Queen Elizabeth was demonstrated by the many sexual scandals that disrupted the court in the 1590s.
A)True
B)False
34
As quoted in “The Return of Catherine the Great,” in the equivalent of a political manifesto, Instruction of 1766, Catherine declared that Russia is a:
A)democracy in the making.
B)law unto itself.
C)European power.
D)single country made up of many separate states.
35
As mentioned in “The Return of Catherine the Great,” the Russian Empress Catherine was originally from:
A)France.
B)Austria.
C)England.
D)Germany.
36
As noted in “The Return of Catherine the Great,” Catherine, like other European royals, refused the smallpox inoculation on religious grounds.
A)True
B)False
37
According to "Benjamin Franklin: An American in London," Benjamin Franklin's great optimism about the connection between England and America stemmed from:
A)the knowledge that the rate of population increase was much greater in the New World than in the old.
B)the wealth of natural resources in North America.
C)their common language.
D)the strength of the Anglican church.
38
As noted in "Benjamin Franklin: An American in London," the Ohio Scheme failed because of:
A)questions about slavery.
B)opposition of Lord Hillsborough.
C)opposition of George Washington.
D)problems with Native Americans.
39
As pointed out in "Benjamin Franklin: An American in London," Benjamin Franklin seriously underestimated the importance of the West.
A)True
B)False
40
As related in "From Mercantilism to 'The Wealth of Nations'," a hallmark of mercantilism was the:
A)emergence of a global trade network.
B)appearance of merchants.
C)practice of imperial rivalry among European powers over global trade.
D)study of economics.
41
According to "From Mercantilism to 'The Wealth of Nations'," the epitome of the Age of Discovery was the emergence of:
A)small merchants.
B)a landed aristocracy.
C)a global trade network.
D)the study of economics.
42
According to "From Mercantilism to 'The Wealth of Nations'," in Western Europe in the period 1500-1750, by far most of the income of the working poor was spent on food.
A)True
B)False
43
According to "As Good as Gold?" the "secret meaning" of money is indicated by the term:
A)wampum.
B)generally accepted.
C)bullion.
D)specie.
44
As noted in "As Good as Gold?" in the Western world, legal-tender paper money was first issued in 1690 by:
A)England.
B)France.
C)Massachusetts.
D)the New York Stock Exchange.
45
As noted in "As Good as Gold?" after the Civil War, banks became "the medium of the medium of exchange," even in rural areas.
A)True
B)False
46
As revealed in "A Woman Writ Large in Our History and Hearts," George Sand wished to pave the way for future generations of women to:
A)make marriage more of a business arrangement between families.
B)avoid marriage altogether.
C)give up the romantic ideal of the "embrace of twin souls."
D)live more honestly and more independently.
47
As asserted in "Eyes Wide Open," the single most influential idea of the millennium has been the:
A)direct observation of data, or the experimental method.
B)theory of evolution.
C)theory of relativity.
D)mapping of the unconscious.
48
In attempting to solve the riddle of light, according to "Eyes Wide Open," the Arab scientist Ibn al-Haytham concluded that:
A)light necessarily travels from the eye to an observed object.
B)light necessarily travels from an observed object to the eye.
C)light travels in both directions, both to the eye and from the eye.
D)the question of whether light travels to or from the eye cannot be answered empirically.
49
As discussed in "Eyes Wide Open," the origin of the idea of visual perspective in Italian art can be traced to Ibn al-Haytham's optics research.
A)True
B)False
50
According to "In God's Place," the most important thing about Isaac Newton's work Principia was:
A)his law of gravity.
B)his theories about force and inertia.
C)the universality and unbounded application of the law of gravity.
D)its introspection.
51
As noted in "In God's Place," the philosopher associated with the phrase "I think, therefore I am" is:
A)Isaac Newton.
B)St. Thomas Aquinas.
C)Rene Descartes.
D)Mary Shelley.
52
As explained in "In God's Place," Descartes' space "vortices" theory finally was proven to be workable.
A)True
B)False
53
According to "The Workshop of a New Society," all of the following factors served Britain well in the Industrial Revolution except:
A)easy access to the sea.
B)unusual political turbulence.
C)light regulation of trade.
D)a highly specialized workforce.
54
As noted in "The Workshop of a New Society," the aspect of factory life that was universally hated by the Industrial Revolution workforce in Britain was its:
A)regulation.
B)strenuous work.
C)lack of regular hours.
D)abundance of work breaks.
55
As explained in "The Workshop of a New Society," the Industrial Revolution actually had little impact on British society.
A)True
B)False
56
As discussed in "Slavery and the British," slave owners learned that they secured the best returns on their human capital by:
A)unrelenting pressure.
B)violence.
C)allowing free time.
D)discouraging religious conversion.
57
As noted in "Slavery and the British," the crop that changed everything concerning British slavery in the Caribbean was:
A)potatoes.
B)sugar.
C)rice.
D)tea.
58
As pointed out in "Slavery and the British," Europeans were turning their backs on bondage in their own continent at the same time they were creating and perfecting African slavery in the Atlantic economy.
A)True
B)False
59
As suggested in "Samurai, Shoguns & The Age of Steam," the Japanese fear of the outside world prior to the mid-1800s was evidenced by the fact that they:
A)attacked any foreign ships that approached their borders.
B)refused trading licenses even to the Chinese.
C)executed most of their own sailors who returned from foreign lands.
D)battled with Commodore Matthew Perry and the U.S. Navy, who had approached them in friendship.
60
As noted in "Samurai, Shoguns & The Age of Steam," one of the goals of Japanese involvement with modern Western technology was to:
A)stand up to the West after using the technology they had learned from it.
B)join with the West to establish a lucrative trading system.
C)use new technology against the Chinese.
D)sabotage the railway system that foreigners forced them to build.
61
As mentioned in "Samurai, Shoguns & The Age of Steam," the demise of the first accepted Japanese railway project turned out to be positive for the Japanese.
A)True
B)False
62
As noted in "The Transatlantic Telegraph Cable," the first messages sent by transatlantic telegraph cable from England to the United States were exciting for their:
A)unexpected clarity of transmission.
B)immediacy.
C)amplification of details about social news.
D)revelation that World War I had begun.
63
According to "The Transatlantic Telegraph Cable," the U.S. Civil War:
A)directly delayed the transatlantic-cable project.
B)directly delayed the transatlantic-cable project.
C)strengthened the desire for a transatlantic cable.
D)resulted in the first successful transmission of a transatlantic cable.
64
As noted in "The Transatlantic Telegraph Cable," the Red Sea cable project was a huge success for the British government and the cable's investors.
A)True
B)False
65
As outlined in "A Tale of Two Reputations," Charles Darwin and Sigmund Freud shared all of the following qualities except the ability to:
A)create new conceptual frameworks.
B)synthesize information from many different fields.
C)present their ideas convincingly.
D)foresee and assimilate future discoveries into their work.
66
As explained in "A Tale of Two Reputations," Darwin was able to make an overwhelming case for natural selection, while his contemporary, Alfred Wallace, was not because:
A)Wallace's theories relied heavily on creationism.
B)Darwin's work was published first.
C)Darwin drew his evidence from many fields of study.
D)Wallace was not able to write as convincingly as Darwin.
67
As noted in "A Tale of Two Reputations," although Freud's concepts are still heralded by many professionals, most laymen are unfamiliar with any of them.
A)True
B)False
68
As identified in “Sputnik + Fifty,” the word “Sputnik” means:
A)sky journey.
B)traveling companion.
C)triumph over all.
D)satellite.
69
As noted in “Sputnik + Fifty,” the Russians built Sputnik in just a month without:
A)a factory.
B)a guidance system.
C)blueprints.
D)funds from taxes.
70
As set forth in “Sputnik + Fifty,” the first person to orbit Earth in space was John Glenn.
A)True
B)False
71
As reported in “From Boer War to Timor,” the Portuguese colony of East Timor was invaded in 1975 by:
A)India.
B)China.
C)Indonesia.
D)North Korea.
72
According to the author of “From Boer War to Timor,” the most common form of fighting now is:
A)guerrilla warfare.
B)pitched battles.
C)missiles and bombing.
D)economic sanctions.
73
As mentioned in “From Boer War to Timor,” during the Vietnam War, more U.S. ambassadors were killed worldwide than generals in Vietnam.
A)True
B)False
74
As discussed in "Home at Last," the 1998 burial of the Romanovs sparked controversy when doubt was expressed about the authenticity of the remains by:
A)President Boris Yeltsin.
B)the media.
C)the Russian Orthodox Church.
D)50 Romanov descendants.
75
As asserted in "Home at Last," the only living descendant of the Romanovs who lays claim to the throne is:
A)Grand Duchess Maria.
B)Prince Nicholas.
C)Paul R. Ilyinsky.
D)Prince Rostislav.
76
As postulated in “Two Cheers for Versailles,” the recognition of nation-states at Versailles was accompanied by its inescapable shadow, the problem of:
A)rearmament.
B)geography.
C)economic parity.
D)minorities.
77
As noted in “Two Cheers for Versailles,” the Great Powers gathered to form the Versailles Treaty ignored the implications for Eastern Europe of the almost simultaneous collapse of:
A)Poland and Austria.
B)France and Italy.
C)Germany and Russia.
D)Spain and Portugal.
78
As given in “Two Cheers for Versailles,” the United States is leading the charge for the creation of an International Criminal Court.
A)True
B)False
79
As related in “One Family’s Tryst with Destiny,” the child groomed by his father to be the greatest man in the world was:
A)Mohandas Gandhi.
B)Jawaharlal Nehru.
C)Sanjay Gandhi.
D)Lal Bahadur Shastri.
80
According to “One Family’s Tryst with Destiny,” in 1920, Motilal Nehru backed Mahatma Gandhi’s call for withdrawal from British-run courts and elections, and the boycott of official functions and foreign goods, because he:
A)knew that his son Jawaharlal would side with Gandhi.
B)experienced a religious epiphany about the plight of India’s poor.
C)was following the Congress Party’s policy.
D)had long resented the British rule of India.
81
As reported in “One Family’s Tryst with Destiny,” Sanjay Gandhi, Indira’s son, alienated many by a brutal policy of forced sterilizations to achieve lower population growth.
A)True
B)False
82
As presented in "The Roots of Chinese Xenophobia," the Chinese considered guo chi, or national humiliations, to have been caused by:
A)Chinese rebels.
B)religious leaders.
C)foreign powers.
D)domestic economic forces.
83
As explained in "The Roots of Chinese Xenophobia," the event that culminated in a paradigm shift in U.S. policy was the:
A)first Gulf War.
B)Japanese sneak attack on Pearl Harbor.
C)Civil War.
D)Vietnam War.
84
According to "The Roots of Chinese Xenophobia," the defeat of the Boxers helped fuel the flames of nationalism in China.
A)True
B)False
85
As claimed in "Exposing the Rape of Nanking," the Rape of Nanking did not penetrate world consciousness in the same manner as the Jewish Holocaust or Hiroshima because:
A)no one believed the victims when they spoke up, and the matter was quickly forgotten.
B)the media were not aware of what had happened.
C)the atrocities committed by the Japanese only affected soldiers, not civilians.
D)the victims remained silent, and politics ensured that the silence continued.
86
In taking the city of Nanking, according to "Exposing the Rape of Nanking," the Japanese relied heavily on:
A)superior manpower.
B)deception.
C)Nazi assistance.
D)blocking supply lines into the city.
87
Before the Japanese reached Nanking, as stated in "Exposing the Rape of Nanking," they had to fight a long, drawn-out battle for control of Shanghai.
A)True
B)False
88
As asserted in “Stalin’s Tipping Point,” the greatest clash of arms in human history was the:
A)Battle of the Bulge.
B)siege of Stalingrad.
C)Battle for Moscow.
D)march on Berlin.
89
As revealed in “Stalin’s Tipping Point,” the Soviet Union set up “blocking units” behind Red Army lines to:
A)machine-gun any soldiers who tried to retreat.
B)hold the Germans back outside the city limits.
C)secure the supply lines for the soldiers at the front.
D)shoot down German dirigibles sent over the city.
90
As reported by “Stalin’s Tipping Point,” on the day that the Germans were expected to arrive in Moscow, some residents tore down their posters of Marx and Lenin and stuffed them into garbage bins.
A)True
B)False
91
As discussed in "Judgment at Nuremberg," the Nuremberg trials of Nazi war criminals:
A)were a means of vengeance against the Nazis.
B)imposed collective guilt on the Germans.
C)invoked the rule of law to punish the atrocities of war.
D)ensured that all Nazi war crimes were punished.
92
According to "Judgment at Nuremberg," the only Nazi defendant who blamed neither others nor himself for the horrific facts presented in the Nuremberg trials was:
A)Rudolf Hoss.
B)Hermann Goring.
C)Hans Frank.
D)Wilhelm Keitel.
93
As noted in "Judgment at Nuremberg," collective guilt is the fuel of human barbarism.
A)True
B)False
94
As reported in "The Plan and the Man," the 1948 event that finally pushed Congress into passing the Marshall Plan was:
A)the Soviet blockade of Berlin.
B)Moscow cracking down on Czechoslovakia.
C)the launch of Sputnik, the first Soviet satellite.
D)a victory for the communists in Italy.
95
Of the following, as noted in "The Plan and the Man," the group of people that was the most supportive of the Marshall Plan was:
A)Democrats in Congress.
B)Republicans in Congress.
C)Wall Street bankers and diplomats with close ties to Europe.
D)Midwestern farmers.
96
As revealed in "The Plan and the Man," European leaders were electrified when they first heard of the Marshall Plan.
A)True
B)False
97
As noted in "Korea: Echoes of a War," U.S. president Harry Truman and his advisers interpreted the North Korean invasion on June 25, 1950, as a direct challenge to the United States by:
A)Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin.
B)North Korean president Kim Il Sung.
C)Japanese emperor Hirohito.
D)United Nations forces.
98
As shown in "Korea: Echoes of a War," the main issue of the Korean War was:
A)fighting the spread of communism.
B)how to restore unity to an ancient nation divided as a result of World War II.
C)how to protect free trade.
D)objection to the Soviet influence in North Korea.
99
As discussed in "Korea: Echoes of a War," Task Force Smith was a complete failure.
A)True
B)False
100
As pointed out in “Mao Zedong,” Mao’s Second Five-Year Plan resulted in:
A)huge manufacturing gains.
B)rebellion against Mao’s leadership.
C)perceived weakness that led to an attack on China by the Japanese.
D)widespread famine.
101
As quoted in “Mao Zedong,” one of Mao’s sayings was that all power grows out of:
A)the will of the people.
B)the barrel of a gun.
C)money.
D)the heart of the leader.
102
As revealed in “Mao Zedong,” after the 1911 revolution, China was mostly ruled by various warlords who were ruthless in their treatment of the people.
A)True
B)False
103
As described in "Iraq's Unruly Century," in the 1920s, Iraq's new king found that his subjects were divided by all of the following except:
A)religion.
B)education.
C)geography.
D)ethnicity.
104
The British and King Faisal, as related in "Iraq's Unruly Century," favored the Sunni Muslims over Iraq's other groups because the Sunnis were:
A)more pro-Western.
B)wealthier.
C)more numerous.
D)more pious.
105
As presented in "Iraq's Unruly Century," during the 1920 uprising against British rule, the British overreacted.
A)True
B)False
106
According to "Coming to Terms with the Past," since World War II, the battle over history and memory concerning Japan's war experience has largely been fought in:
A)secondary-school textbooks.
B)the daily newspapers.
C)the national legislature.
D)veterans' organizations.
107
As detailed in "Coming to Terms with the Past," as a result of Ienaga Saburo's lawsuits, Japanese secondary-school history textbooks now mention all of the following controversial subjects except:
A)Unit 731.
B)Japan's atomic bomb project.
C)comfort women.
D)the Rape of Nanjing.
108
As maintained in "Coming to Terms with the Past," Ienaga Saburo's motivation to write the truth about Japan in World War II was his failure to pursue the truth during the war.
A)True
B)False
109
As disclosed in "The USA in Vietnam," President Johnson fully committed U.S. troops to the Vietnam War because he:
A)could use the war as an excuse to raise taxes.
B)was convinced that American public opinion would support the war.
C)believed in containment and feared the consequences of the domino theory.
D)thought that it would help him politically in the 1968 election.
110
As reported in "The USA in Vietnam," NSC-68 referred to:
A)President Johnson's plan for the Vietnam War.
B)the Great Society program.
C)the global role of the United Nations.
D)the Cold War strategy of containing communism everywhere.
111
Throughout his presidency, as shown in "The USA in Vietnam," President Johnson was a committed hawk on war in Vietnam.
A)True
B)False
112
As shown in "The Common Currents of Imperialism," there are similarities between the Spanish-American War and the:
A)Vietnam War.
B)war in Iraq.
C)invasion of Grenada.
D)Korean War.
113
As listed in "The Common Currents of Imperialism," techniques in absorbing the Philippines included all of the following except:
A)subsidy payments.
B)domination.
C)propaganda.
D)occupation.
114
According to the author of "The Common Currents of Imperialism," during the Spanish-American War, most Americans understood that the United States had used the ruse of liberty and democracy to establish a Pacific base in the Philippines.
A)True
B)False
115
As discussed in “Coming to Terms with the Past,” the genocide in Cambodia in the 1970s was carried out by the:
A)Vietnamese.
B)Khmer Rouge.
C)French.
D)PRK.
116
As stated in “Coming to Terms with the Past,” in 1996, 100,000 pages of secret documents revealing the role of leaders in the mass killings were uncovered and published on the internet by the Cambodian Genocide Program at:
A)Yale University.
B)Cambridge University.
C)Phnom Penh University.
D)Beijing University.
117
As revealed in “Coming to Terms with the Past,” the Khmer king, Ang Snguon, gave orders in the eighteenth century to massacre all the Vietnamese who could be found in Cambodia.
A)True
B)False
118
According to "The Weather Turns Wild," of the following, the country that is likely to be hardest hit by the effects of global warming is:
A)Bangladesh.
B)the United States.
C)Australia.
D)Venezuela.
119
As brought out in "The Weather Turns Wild," human society:
A)will actually benefit tremendously from global warming.
B)will be drastically affected by global warming.
C)is likely to become more peaceable and cooperative as a result of global warming.
D)will not be changed by global warming.
120
As explained in "The Weather Turns Wild," concern about greenhouse gases is a new phenomenon.
A)True
B)False
121
As mentioned in "Ending the Fool's Game: Saving Civilization," nuclear weapons are referred to as a "fool's game" because they:
A)are extremely expensive to maintain and will probably never be used.
B)do not offer security, so the only sensible solution is to dismantle them all.
C)are extremely easy to manufacture; one can download instructions for creating an atomic bomb from the Internet.
D)will contaminate the Earth for generations, thereby creating a permanent hazard from a momentary skirmish.
122
As detailed in "Ending the Fool's Game: Saving Civilization," since the end of the Cold War, nuclear weaponry in the United States and the former Soviet Union is:
A)still maintained at levels high enough to ensure destruction of both regions within hours.
B)largely obsolete.
C)a relic of the Cold War that is kept at minimum levels as a "just-in-case" measure for extraordinary circumstances.
D)in danger of being acquired by rogue states that would have no qualms about using them.
123
As claimed in "Ending the Fool's Game: Saving Civilization," President John F. Kennedy's secretary of defense credits only the unbending hard-line stance of his boss in avoiding nuclear war during the Cuban Missile Crisis.
A)True
B)False
124
As explained in "10 Million Orphans," most of the AIDS orphans are in:
A)Southeast Asia.
B)Latin America.
C)sub-Saharan Africa.
D)North America.
125
According to "10 Million Orphans," if AIDS orphans are taken in, it is usually by:
A)agencies of the Salvation Army.
B)agencies of the United Nations.
C)their extended families.
D)local, independently financed orphanages.
126
According to "10 Million Orphans," AIDS orphans are at far greater risk of malnutrition compared with children with parents.
A)True
B)False
127
As noted in "In God's Name: Genocide and Religion in the Twentieth Century," the most pressing issue raised by the genocide in Rwanda is that of:
A)ethnic relations.
B)human nature.
C)religious beliefs.
D)governmental responsibility.
128
According to "In God's Name: Genocide and Religion in the Twentieth Century," the Rwandan genocide cannot be impersonalized because the killings were committed:
A)in gas chambers similar to those of Nazi Germany.
B)by American military personnel stationed in Rwanda.
C)face-to-face by ordinary people.
D)by anti-Christian religious factions.
129
As claimed in "In God's Name: Genocide and Religion in the Twentieth Century," there is no evidence that the genocide in Rwanda could have been prevented.
A)True
B)False
130
As claimed in "Terror in the Name of God," the primary goal of recent religious terrorism is to:
A)provide a means for the terrorists to enter heaven.
B)provoke military action.
C)liberate the attacked country.
D)announce the terrorists' views through the media.
131
According to "Terror in the Name of God," negotiation with religious terrorists is impossible for all of the following reasons except that:
A)language barriers prevent any meaningful compromises.
B)the terrorists do not seek immediate rewards.
C)religious terrorists have no use for society's laws.
D)religion allows for absolute moral justification of the terrorist acts.
132
As noted in "Terror in the Name of God," the very real failure of the secular state is often a catalyst for religious terrorism.
A)True
B)False
133
As suggested in “Women, Citizens, Muslims,” the best way for women to ensure their rights in Afghanistan may be for women to be educated in:
A)democratic traditions.
B)Islamic law.
C)Western universities.
D)history.
134
As noted in “Women, Citizens, Muslims,” some men argue that women are not citizens and entitled to equality because Afghan women are:
A)not specifically mentioned in the constitution.
B)considered as less than men in the Koran.
C)the property of their fathers, brothers, or husbands.
D)not issued the identification cards given to men.
135
As postulated in “Women, Citizens, Muslims,” simply removing a dictatorial regime and installing a democracy does not automatically guarantee women’s rights.
A)True
B)False
136
As suggested in “The Next Asian Miracle,” recent economic growth has, contrary to some expectations, occurred in the world’s largest democracy, the country of:
A)China.
B)Indonesia.
C)India.
D)Japan.
137
As stated in “The Next Asian Miracle,” even today, the largest obstacle to India’s developmental prospects is the:
A)low level of human capital.
B)lack of a sophisticated banking system.
C)focus on technology to the exclusion of other industries.
D)competition from other Asian countries with lower labor costs.
138
As pointed out in “The Next Asian Miracle,” in the 1990s, China accelerated the pace of the reforms it had instituted in the 1980s.
A)True
B)False
139
As asserted in “A User’s Guide to the Century,” modern economic growth is two centuries old, and the first hundred years were characterized by:
A)economic divergence.
B)energy consumption.
C)unfettered growth.
D)innovative thinking.
140
As defined in “A User’s Guide to the Century,” the geological epoch dubbed Anthropocene is characterized by:
A)advancing ice masses leading to a new ice age.
B)increased geologic activity such as earthquakes and erupting volcanoes.
C)human activity that dominates or deranges the Earth’s major biogeophysical fluxes.
D)rapidly increasing formation of biofuels under the Earth’s crust.
141
As suggested in “A User’s Guide to the Century,” the unprecedented level of global human output has been achieved by an unprecedented appropriation of the Earth’s natural resources.
A)True
B)False





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