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Practice Quiz
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1
As explained in "The "Comparative" Study of Religion," the saying "if you know one, you know none," used in the comparative study of religion, is meant to suggest that:
A)it is only through mystical experience that one can know God.
B)true religious experience is possible only if one studies all religious traditions.
C)studying one religion can aid the understanding of other religions, including one's own.
D)in order to persuade others of the flaws in their belief systems, one must first understand those beliefs.
2
Comparing various religious traditions, according to "The "Comparative" Study of Religion," allows one to:
A)demonstrate the superiority of monotheism over pantheism.
B)avoid applying one's background and culture toward the interpretation of the beliefs of other traditions.
C)assimilate numerous belief systems to create a unique, personalized religious outlook.
D)formulate well-founded arguments against theologically based theories of how life on earth was formed.
3
As suggested in "The "Comparative" Study of Religion," comparative study of religions is possible between religious traditions, but not within a particular tradition or society.
A)True
B)False
4
According to "Body Ritual Among the Nacirema," the Nacirema people:
A)enjoy suffering.
B)are dominated by their religious leaders.
C)are inordinately preoccupied with their bodies.
D)have a natural bent to self-mortification.
5
In "Body Ritual Among the Nacirema," all of the following characteristics are attributed to the culture's ceremonial treatment of the human body except:
A)a belief that the human body is ugly.
B)rituals that are free or inexpensive and provided for all regardless of wealth.
C)rituals that are private and secret.
D)continued faith and participation in these rituals even though they are frequently not effective.
6
A fundamental belief of the Nacirema, as described in "Body Ritual Among the Nacirema," is that the body has a natural tendency toward disease.
A)True
B)False
7
As stated in "Baseball Magic," the practice of magic by baseball players:
A)is a sign of mental instability.
B)is an affectation.
C)has no affect on the practitioners.
D)creates feelings of confidence and control.
8
According to "Baseball Magic," players engage in apparently irrational behavior because:
A)it is actually rational behavior with a causal connection to the desired result.
B)they are, as a group, less intelligent than the general population.
C)the rules of the game require it.
D)it gives them a sense of control and confidence.
9
As reported in "Baseball Magic," a ritual may become so important to a player that it will override practicality.
A)True
B)False
10
As maintained in "Each Religion Expresses an Important Part of the Truth," the form of human expression to which religion may best be compared is:
A)communication of emotions.
B)science.
C)art.
D)language.
11
The primary goal of intra-religious dialogue, as set forth in "Each Religion Expresses an Important Part of the Truth," is to develop:
A)a uniform understanding aimed at uniting multiple religious traditions.
B)the means to determine which belief system is most capable of achieving world peace.
C)communication in order to reduce misunderstandings between various cultures.
D)concordances capable of translating the inner meanings of each religion.
12
As concluded in "Each Religion Expresses an Important Part of the Truth," religion and language each contain terms, which are capable of being translated, and words, which cannot be translated properly.
A)True
B)False
13
As recounted in "Sun Mother Wakes the World: Australian Aborigine," the creation story of Australian Aborigines holds that in the beginning of time all life was asleep, including Sun Mother. What woke her up was:
A)the light from a shooting star.
B)noise emanating from the inner core of the earth.
C)a whispering voice instructing her to waken.
D)rippling movement of the ground on which she slept.
14
Sun Mother, according to the Australian Aborigine creation story as presented in "Sun Mother Wakes the World: Australian Aborigine," first made the grass, plants, and trees by:
A)singing them into existence.
B)walking all over the earth.
C)dreaming vegetation into being while she slept.
D)clapping her hands and laughing.
15
As described in "Sun Mother Wakes the World: Australian Aborigine," Australian Aborigines traditionally believe that human beings were the first animals to be created.
A)True
B)False
16
As set forth in "First Tale," in the Hopi creation myth the two original beings were Tawa, the Sun God, and Spider Woman, the Earth Goddess; the place where these two lived was:
A)the other side of the water.
B)the underworld.
C)on the far side of the moon.
D)in the endless waters.
17
According to "First Tale," the Hopi creation tale describes the one, mighty Thought of the original Two as being:
A)to form the creatures of the Earth out of clay.
B)breathing life into man and woman.
C)the creation of the Earth between the Above and the Below.
D)the appearance of Masauwuh, the Death God.
18
Hopi mythology, as described in "First Tale," decrees that family names are matrilineal.
A)True
B)False
19
As presented in "Kalevala: An Epic Poem That Gave Birth to a Nation," the Kalevala is the national epic of:
A)India.
B)Finland.
C)Germany.
D)Greece.
20
As brought out in "Becoming Part of It," renewed interest in Native American spiritual traditions was sparked in the 1970s in the United States partly because of:
A)rising disagreement with U.S. foreign policy.
B)increasing environmental concerns on the part of many people.
C)organized efforts by native peoples for greater national attention.
D)publicity campaigns run by the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
21
Native American worldviews, which see all of life as cyclical, as discussed in "Becoming Part of It," contrast with predominant Western outlooks, which view most life processes in terms of:
A)chaos.
B)irregular patterns of increase and diminishment.
C)linearity.
D)opportunistic occurrences.
22
The goal of studying Native American values, as suggested in "Becoming Part of It," is to encourage non-native people in the United States who suffer from malaise and fear to adopt the spiritual practices of American Indians.
A)True
B)False
23
The spiritual tradition of Haitian Vodoun, as described in "Veve: The Sacred Symbol of Vodoun," is related to all of the following belief systems except:
A)Santeria.
B)Umbanda.
C)Candomble.
D)Wicca.
24
As pointed out in "Veve: The Sacred Symbol of Vodoun," the purpose of a veve within the tradition of Haitian Vodoun is to:
A)provide a warning symbol to non-believers.
B)demonstrate divinely granted artistic skills.
C)serve as a conduit for divine energy.
D)record the practitioner's spiritual acts.
25
The Haitian belief system of Vodoun, as discussed in "Veve: The Sacred Symbol of Vodoun," derives from ancient African spiritual practices.
A)True
B)False
26
According to traditional Hawaiian beliefs as detailed in "The Hula in Hawaiian Life and Thought," hula dancing is linked with chanting because:
A)words are necessary for maintaining concentration.
B)language is thought to control the dancer.
C)movement without words is believed to be a dangerous force.
D)gesture and language are related inherently.
27
Within traditional Hawaiian hula dancing, as shown in "The Hula in Hawaiian Life and Thought," movements are:
A)stylizations of everyday gestures.
B)regimented by written tradition.
C)extraordinary and unusual.
D)generally based on the movements of animals.
28
Traditional Hawaiian thought, as profiled in "The Hula in Hawaiian Life and Thought," views the human body as a kind of map of the universe.
A)True
B)False
29
As explained in "Ancient Jewel," all of the following are critically important central tenets of the Indian way of thinking except that:
A)the senses can lead to a perfect understanding of the world around us.
B)all changes in the world take place through cycles.
C)new experiences and ideas are simply absorbed into, and made a part of, old experiences.
D)opposites coexist in the world.
30
The low percentage of literacy of the Indian people, according to "Ancient Jewel," is misleading because:
A)India has so few written works.
B)of the strong oral traditions present in India since antiquity.
C)there are so many different Indian dialects.
D)the population density of India is nearly 10 times that of the United States.
31
Classical India, as claimed in "Ancient Jewel," was isolated from developing civilizations in other parts of the world.
A)True
B)False
32
As identified in "The Jain Deities," the crisis that prompted the first Jains to withdraw from association with Hindus was:
A)insistence by Brahmans that all worshippers study Vedic texts.
B)the introduction of animal sacrifice by the Brahmans.
C)increasing lack of equality among various Hindu sects.
D)deification of a pantheon of Hindu saints.
33
As noted in "The Jain Deities," the saint Mahavira's death is described in Jainist terms as:
A)transmigration into another form.
B)realization of the truth of the void.
C)eternal exemption from pain.
D)fertilization of lesser creatures.
34
The spiritual practices of contemporary Jains, as related in "The Jain Deities," is completely different from that of Hindus.
A)True
B)False
35
As concluded in "Seeing the Sacred," the form of art most prominent in Hinduism is:
A)music.
B)dance.
C)poetry.
D)visual art.
36
The central purpose of Hindu pilgrimage, as stipulated in "Seeing the Sacred," is to:
A)behold and be viewed by a visual representation of a deity.
B)engage in a full circuit of the main Hindu holy sites.
C)do penance for negative behaviors in one's past.
D)commune with fellow worshippers.
37
As pointed out in "Seeing the Sacred," the various ways of interpreting the meaning of darsan in Hindu traditions represent shifts in points of view rather than defined philosophical systems.
A)True
B)False
38
As identified in "The Hindu Ethic of Nonviolence," Hindus view God as being:
A)a singular, omniscient entity.
B)an all-pervasive energy and consciousness.
C)non-existent.
D)the most-enlightened "rishi."
39
As pointed out in "The Hindu Ethic of Nonviolence," Hindus believe that communication between human beings' instinctive nature and our soul nature takes place by means of:
A)yoga.
B)meditation.
C)fasting.
D)nonviolent action.
40
The foremost ethical principle of Hinduism, as brought out in "The Hindu Ethic of Nonviolence," is the law of karma.
A)True
B)False
41
As maintained in "The Sacred Is the One True Reality of Brahman," the Hindu concept of Brahman is:
A)not particularly important to Hinduism.
B)the sacred reality that is the basis of all existence.
C)a matter of frequent dispute in modern Hinduism.
D)one that has been adopted by several other major religions.
42
As given in "The Sacred Is the One True Reality of Brahman," from the transcendental viewpoint, there exists:
A)a universe that parallels that of Brahman.
B)a universe that follows that of Brahman.
C)no universe that is other than Brahman.
D)a separate universe for non-believers.
43
As described in "The Sacred Is the One True Reality of Brahman," the unconditioned Brahman is free from the limiting adjuncts of space, time, and causation.
A)True
B)False
44
As related in "The Beginnings of Buddhism," Siddhartha Gautama is said to have become fully enlightened and been given the title Buddha after having:
A)renounced his worldly possessions.
B)pledged himself to celibacy.
C)performed an act of contrition.
D)meditated under a tree.
45
Buddhism, as indicated in "The Beginnings of Buddhism," differs from other contemporaneous spiritual traditions partly in terms of its:
A)emphasis on rebirth.
B)psychological understanding of karma.
C)instructions to detach completely from family ties.
D)attitude toward the poor.
46
As claimed in "The Beginnings of Buddhism," when it was first conceived, Buddhism seems to have been aimed toward select individuals rather than for society as a whole.
A)True
B)False
47
As suggested in "The Marrow of Zen," Zen teaches that a person who is not accomplished at a particular role may actually be the best because:
A)he or she will apply full effort toward trying to be good.
B)good and bad are meaningless categories
C)accomplishment is in the eye of the beholder.
D)it is more important to defy convention than to conform.
48
By sitting zazen, according to Zen precepts as given in "The Marrow of Zen," one is attempting to:
A)strive toward enlightenment.
B)reach the goal of perfect understanding.
C)improve one's imperfect nature.
D)arouse the truth-seeking mind.
49
As indicated in "The Marrow of Zen," people who cannot maintain the correct zazen posture nevertheless are able to practice true Zen.
A)True
B)False
50
According to "An Essential Commitment," the highest level of attainment is achieved in Tibetan Buddhism through:
A)disciplined study of the scriptures.
B)the union of learning with devotion.
C)renunciation of worldly goods.
D)isolation from the cares of the world.
51
As explained in "An Essential Commitment," in addition to knowledge, a Tibetan Buddhist teacher imparts to the student:
A)wisdom.
B)compassion.
C)his or her being.
D)higher truth.
52
As disclosed in "An Essential Commitment," Tibetan Buddhists believe that a teacher can only achieve greatness through dependence on a student.
A)True
B)False
53
As set forth in "Shinran and Jodoshinshu," the beliefs of Pure Land Buddhism center on the Buddha Amida, who is thought to dwell:
A)here on earth among us.
B)in a paradise known as the Land of Utmost Bliss.
C)at the summit of the universe.
D)within an unidentified afterlife.
54
The form of Buddhism to which Jodoshinshu belongs, as stipulated in "Shinran and Jodoshinshu," is known as:
A)Theravada.
B)Zen.
C)Mahayana.
D)Karmic.
55
According to Mahayana Buddhist beliefs, as noted in "Shinran and Jodoshinshu," only a select group of people possess the potential to become Buddhas.
A)True
B)False
56
Japanese Buddhist institutions, according to "Buddhism and Abortion: "The Way to Memorialize One's Mizuko"," teach that if the parents of an aborted fetus fail to apologize to that fetus, the "mizuko" will:
A)haunt the parents.
B)cause pain to the parents.
C)never be able to accept that he or she was aborted.
D)return in a future life.
57
As explained in "Buddhism and Abortion: "The Way to Memorialize One's Mizuko"," Japanese Buddhists pray to the bodhisattva Jizo after an abortion because Jizo's role is to:
A)guide deceased children through the realm of the dead.
B)forgive people who have caused a death.
C)convey understanding of difficult decisions.
D)instill a sense of forgetfulness.
58
As presented in "Buddhism and Abortion: "The Way to Memorialize One's Mizuko"," an image of the bodhisattva Jizo in the home altar of a Japanese Buddhist can represent the soul of an aborted fetus.
A)True
B)False
59
Over the centuries, according to "Confucius," the aspect of Confucius's teachings that was the most important to readers was:
A)the lists of moral behavior.
B)his actual words.
C)other people's interpretations and commentaries.
D)the stories of his life.
60
As stated in "Confucius," in the twelfth century A.D., what religion from India was introduced to China and merged some of its premises with Confucianism?
A)Buddhism
B)Shintoism
C)Taoism
D)Janism
61
According to "Confucius," the Chinese Communists considered Confucian ideas to be detrimental to progress.
A)True
B)False
62
As discussed in "Stories from an Illustrated Explanation of the Tract of the Most Exalted on Action and Response," the morality books of late imperial China contained messages concerning all of the following except:
A)prayers.
B)virtue.
C)laws of cause and effect.
D)systems to calculate merit and demerit.
63
As asserted in "Stories from an Illustrated Explanation of the Tract of the Most Exalted on Action and Response," Huang Zhengyuan believed that the preeminent road to virtue is to:
A)meditate.
B)perform good deeds.
C)calculate one's merits and demerits.
D)distribute morality books.
64
Within the Confucian belief system, as reported in "Stories from an Illustrated Explanation of the Tract of the Most Exalted on Action and Response," only a member of the educated elite is capable of becoming a virtuous sage.
A)True
B)False
65
As disclosed in "Asceticism in Early Taoist Religion: Introduction," early Taoists believed that their austerities ultimately would transform them into:
A)beings possessed of perfect equanimity.
B)sages capable of leading others toward perfection.
C)enlightened entities removed from the physical realm.
D)superhuman beings with limitless longevity.
66
The early Taoist notion that one can evade physical death, as explicated in "Asceticism in Early Taoist Religion: Introduction," arose partly out of the belief within ancient Chinese philosophy that:
A)death is an acceptable part of the cycle of nature.
B)everything in existence is illusion.
C)the divine nature of human beings grants them the possibility of immortality.
D)through perseverance, anything is possible.
67
For early Taoists, as characterized in "Asceticism in Early Taoist Religion: Introduction," a stark contrast between spirit and matter did not exist.
A)True
B)False
68
According to the myths of Izumo, as recounted in "Izanagi-No-Mikoto and Izanami-No-Mikoto," the God Izanagi-no-mikoto and the Goddess Izanami-no-mikoto created the first islands by:
A)making love with each other.
B)planting seeds in the ocean.
C)dripping salt water from the edge of a weapon.
D)breaking off pieces of a comb.
69
According to "Izanagi-No-Mikoto and Izanami-No-Mikoto," the reason given for the "badness" of the first baby born of Izanagi-no-mikoto and Izanami-no-mikoto was that:
A)the God and Goddess were not yet married.
B)neither the God nor the Goddess possessed pure hearts.
C)equality between the God and Goddess needed to be achieved for a "good" baby to be born.
D)the Goddess spoke before the God had spoken.
70
As explained in "Izanagi-No-Mikoto and Izanami-No-Mikoto," Izanagi-no-mikoto tried to avenge the death of Izanami-no-mikoto by cutting the God of Fire to death with a sword.
A)True
B)False
71
As concluded in "Japanese Religions in the New Millennium," the new Japanese religious sects of the 1970s and 1980s share all of the following characteristics except that:
A)their doctrines are eclectic.
B)they guarantee a mystical experience and healing.
C)their precepts are drawn primarily from Asian religions.
D)they are aimed at individuals rather than families.
72
As pointed out in "Japanese Religions in the New Millennium," the Aum Shinrikyo incident in which members of that sect committed an attack by gas on a Tokyo subway, demonstrated to a number of orthodox religious leaders that:
A)traditional religions were not meeting the needs of many Japanese people.
B)the police needed to conduct thorough investigations of the "new-new" religions.
C)contemporary young people are hopelessly corrupt.
D)religion is, in fact, the opiate of the masses.
73
The popularity of memorial services for aborted fetuses in Japan, as related in "Japanese Religions in the New Millennium," is attributed partly to the high rate of abortion used as family planning in contemporary Japan.
A)True
B)False
74
As described in "The Goddess Emerges From her Cave: Fujita Himiko and her Dragon Palace Family," the goddess Amaterasu Omikami revealed herself to Fujita Himiko in the form of a:
A)mermaid.
B)dragon.
C)fish.
D)whale.
75
Within the religion of the Dragon Palace Family, as detailed in "The Goddess Emerges From her Cave: Fujita Himiko and her Dragon Palace Family," Fujita Himiko teaches that physical and mental illness is caused by:
A)doubt experienced by non-believers.
B)dreams sent from the lost continent of Mu.
C)unhappy or neglected spiritual beings.
D)lack of exercise and poor diet.
76
As claimed in "The Goddess Emerges From her Cave: Fujita Himiko and her Dragon Palace Family," in order to be healed by Fujita Himiko, members of Ryugu Kazoku do not have to see her in person.
A)True
B)False
77
According to Shinto beliefs, as explicated in "Matsuri," social harmony is achieved through:
A)absolute obedience toward the "kami" on the part of people.
B)adherence to rules created by religious leaders.
C)disciplined individualistic behavior and prayer.
D)cooperation between the "kami" and their believers.
78
As identified in "Matsuri," after several centuries of existence, the practice of "kami" faith was given the name Shinto in order to:
A)commemorate its founder.
B)distinguish it from Buddhism.
C)honor the "kami" deities.
D)recall the site where it originated.
79
Adherents of the Shinto faith, as explained in "Matsuri," consider it bad form to appeal to the gods for luck and prosperity.
A)True
B)False
80
As disclosed in "The Sacred Space of Judaism," Judaism teaches that when Abraham brought his flock into Egypt, that land symbolized:
A)estrangement from God.
B)physical suffering.
C)confusion.
D)material wealth and wisdom.
81
As characterized in "The Sacred Space of Judaism," the distinction between outer and inner chambers found in Solomon's temple was intended to imitate:
A)God's creation of heaven and earth.
B)the desert tabernacle that housed the Ark of the Covenant.
C)Noah's construction of the inner and outer spaces of the ark.
D)the four corners of the Garden of Eden.
82
The teachings of Judaism, as outlined in "The Sacred Space of Judaism," hold that the presence of God over the tent tabernacle in the desert was indicated by a cloud.
A)True
B)False
83
As described in "Dreaming of Altneuland," Theodor Herzl made the mistake of many Jewish writers by:
A)thinking that millions of Jewish people would want to leave Europe.
B)underestimating the power of the British government.
C)assuming the Arabs would welcome Jewish settlers in Palestine.
D)failing to consider the backlash of non-Zionist Jews.
84
As reported in "Dreaming of Altneuland," many non-Zionist Jews criticized Herzl's work because:
A)it threatened their plans to create a Jewish homeland.
B)they thought it was a fanciful tale that threatened their position in Western European societies.
C)Herzl's vision foresaw a society in which Jews and Arabs lived together.
D)Herzl's vision foresaw a society in which Jews and Arabs were segregated.
85
As portrayed in "Dreaming of Altneuland," Herzl's vision detailed a state run agricultural economy for the new Jewish state.
A)True
B)False
86
As detailed in "The Politics of Holiness in Jerusalem," the future of Jerusalem is critical because:
A)Israel is likely to claim full jurisdiction over the city.
B)Jerusalem will be the most critical issue in resolving the Arab-Israeli conflict.
C)Muslims have taken a more aggressive claim to jurisdiction of the city.
D)it will define the relationship between the Christian, Jewish, and Islamic worlds.
87
According to "The Politics of Holiness in Jerusalem," Judaism differs from Islam and Christianity in regard to the control of Jerusalem because:
A)the center of Jewish life in Palestine in ancient times was not Jerusalem, but at Safed.
B)until recently religious devotion to the city did not involve a duty to regain sovereignty over it.
C)the Jews are open to a tolerant co-existence with other faiths.
D)it is the only faith to hold sovereignty over the city in modern times.
88
As cited in "The Politics of Holiness in Jerusalem," the early Zionist settlers in Palestine looked down on Jerusalem.
A)True
B)False
89
As presented in "Sayings of Rabbi Nachman," Rabbi Nachman claimed that redemption is found in:
A)renunciation of worldly goods.
B)forgiveness of sin.
C)sincere prayer.
D)the transformation and return of all things.
90
Rabbi Nachman, as cited in "Sayings of Rabbi Nachman," taught that the source of trouble for human beings is:
A)human beings themselves.
B)the evil urge.
C)hatred.
D)fear.
91
As related in "Sayings of Rabbi Nachman," Rabbi Nachman instructed that the spirit of victory and the spirit of truth are incompatible.
A)True
B)False
92
As recounted in "He Who Was Caught in His Own Trap," the holiday during which the rebbe told his best tales to children was:
A)Hanukkah.
B)Passover.
C)Purim.
D)Yom Kippur.
93
As related in "He Who Was Caught in His Own Trap," the Jewish carpenter was inspired to build a new palace for the king because he:
A)was jealous and wanted to embarrass the king.
B)thought the king should live in a magnificent palace.
C)wanted to show off his carpentry skills.
D)believed he would be well paid for his work.
94
After the palace was built, as portrayed in "He Who Was Caught in His Own Trap," the king sought the carpenter's opinion solely on matters related to architecture and construction.
A)True
B)False
95
According to "Holocaust Remembrance Day Brings Memories of Evil, Courage," the aims of the day include all of the following except:
A)remembering the Holocaust itself.
B)firmly establishing Germany's guilt.
C)recognizing cases of genocide and state-sponsored homicide in the twentieth century.
D)honoring individuals who helped intended victims.
96
In addition to the Jews, as maintained in "Holocaust Remembrance Day Brings Memories of Evil, Courage," other victims of genocide during World War II included all of the following except:
A)Gypsies.
B)mentally or physically disabled people.
C)French Catholics.
D)Soviet prisoners of war.
97
As revealed in "Holocaust Remembrance Day Brings Memories of Evil, Courage," the first significant genocide in the twentieth century was directed against Armenians by the Turkish government.
A)True
B)False
98
As pointed out in "The Changing Face of the Church," the country that is the source of most new Jesuit seminarians is:
A)India.
B)the United States.
C)China.
D)Nigeria.
99
The practice of combining older, tribal spiritual elements with principles of Christianity, as indicated in "The Changing Face of the Church," is an example of:
A)adulteration.
B)paganism.
C)syncretism.
D)revitalization.
100
As suggested in "The Changing Face of the Church," the Roman Catholic pope tends to accept attempts by various branches of the church to interpret Catholicism in local cultural terms.
A)True
B)False
101
As presented in "Pluralism and the Catholic University," American pluralism is defined as:
A)multiculturalism.
B)homogeneity.
C)a variety of lived differences.
D)diversity.
102
The two elements that underlie religious liberty in the United States, as indicated in "Pluralism and the Catholic University," are that it is a matter of voluntary choice and that:
A)most people in the country practice some form of religion.
B)even nonreligious people tend to tolerate people of faith.
C)social and racial equality are present in most religious institutions.
D)the means exist to realize a choice.
103
As concluded in "Pluralism and the Catholic University," general acceptance of pluralism in the United States does not imply that people tend to participate in pluralistic religious services.
A)True
B)False
104
As set forth in "Raising Christian Children in a Pagan Culture," the most important ministry contemporary Christian churches can undertake is:
A)the Christian education of young children.
B)outreach to poor neighborhoods.
C)involvement in development projects in impoverished countries.
D)assistance to sick and elderly people.
105
According to "Raising Christian Children in a Pagan Culture," if Christian parents create a scriptural study program for their children without themselves participating in it, children may view this as:
A)an opportunity to evade parental control.
B)escapism.
C)hypocrisy.
D)punishment.
106
As argued in "Raising Christian Children in a Pagan Culture," it is possible for disciplined parents to raise their children according to Christian values without the support of a church.
A)True
B)False
107
According to "Child's Death Raises Questions About Faith," the Wiebe family's interpretation of Christianity led them to believe that faith-based responses to illness, rather than medical care, demonstrates the power of:
A)divine healing.
B)trust in God.
C)salvation.
D)visualization.
108
As reported in "Child's Death Raises Questions About Faith," the disagreement that led Daniel Layne, the founder of the Restoration Church, to leave the Church of God involved:
A)his history of drug use.
B)the role of women in the church.
C)conflicting stances on celibacy.
D)what he saw as a lax interpretation of the Bible.
109
Although he denies playing a role in the death of the Wiebe child, as stated in "Child's Death Raises Questions About Faith," the founder of the Restoration Church admits that divine healing is a basic tenet of the church.
A)True
B)False
110
As discussed in "Resuscitating Passion," all of the following terms apply to clergy who lead independent, nondenominational American Christian churches, except:
A)revivalist ministers.
B)evangelical pastors.
C)seminarian scholars.
D)spiritual entrepreneurs.
111
As disclosed in "Resuscitating Passion," religious institutions based in formality and protocol tend not to appeal to many younger Christians; instead, they look for occasions for worship that highlight:
A)experience.
B)internal reflection.
C)supernatural revelation.
D)social activism.
112
As addressed in "Resuscitating Passion," the recent surge in entrepreneurial clergy in the United States includes an increase in black as well as white spiritual leaders.
A)True
B)False
113
According to "Handmaid or Feminist?" the worship of Mary around the world:
A)is increasing.
B)occurs mostly in former Communist states.
C)has decreased considerably in the last decade.
D)has been stimulated by recent theological conflicts between Catholics and Protestants.
114
The author of "Handmaid or Feminist?" makes all of the following points about the worship of Mary except:
A)a theological contest is taking place over her image.
B)the pope supports an effort to revive Mary's influence.
C)traditional Catholic doctrine about Mary has not yet been challenged from within the Church.
D)many Eastern Europeans are traveling to the shrine at Lourdes.
115
According to "Handmaid or Feminist?" Pope John Paul II believes that Mary ended communism throughout Europe.
A)True
B)False
116
As explained in "What Is the Koran?" many Muslims are reluctant to have the Koran reinterpreted because they:
A)believe that the Yemeni fragments and other pieces of accumulated textual evidence are forgeries.
B)fear that it may lead to the destruction of Islam.
C)fear that the Bible will be revealed as the more reliable text.
D)believe it is the direct and perfect Word of God and thus its sanctity and authority cannot be questioned.
117
As discussed in "What Is the Koran?" the authors of the controversial 1977 book Hagarism: The Making of the Islamic World asserted all of the following about the origins of Islam except that:
A)the term "Muslim" was not commonly used in early Islam.
B)the idea of the hijra may have evolved long after Muhummad died.
C)Mecca was not the initial Islamic sanctuary.
D)the text of the Koran came into being earlier than is now believed.
118
As reported in "What Is the Koran?" the Koran has traditionally been read and recited in the original Arabic by Muslims worldwide, the majority of whom do not speak the language.
A)True
B)False
119
Characteristics of the Qur'an related in "In the Beginning, There Were the Holy Books" include that:
A)each chapter has a single theme.
B)the whole book is organized chronologically.
C)it has a fluid structure.
D)it was collected by Muhammad for publication.
120
As reported in "In the Beginning, There Were the Holy Books," Muhammad:
A)received the Qur'an when he was a child.
B)was a trader.
C)was born a gifted poet.
D)originated the illustrations in the Qur'an.
121
As pointed out in "In the Beginning, There Were the Holy Books," the longest suras were received in Medina.
A)True
B)False
122
Of the following great world religions, as discussed in "The Dome of the Rock: Jerusalem's Epicenter," the only one for which Jerusalem is not sacred is:
A)Hinduism.
B)Judaism.
C)Islam.
D)Christianity.
123
As revealed in "The Dome of the Rock: Jerusalem's Epicenter," Muslims believe that:
A)Moses was the first of the great prophets.
B)Jesus Christ was equal to Muhammad in importance as a prophet.
C)God only revealed his teachings to Muhammad, and there have been no other prophets.
D)Muhammad was the last of the prophets, the culmination of all that had gone before.
124
As stated in "The Dome of the Rock: Jerusalem's Epicenter," the calligraphy encircling the structure of the Dome of the Rock contains all the Qur'anic verses about the prophet Jesus.
A)True
B)False
125
As claimed in "The Sacred Is Allah, the One True God," Muslim beliefs suggest that the result of the materialistic values of modern civilization is that:
A)people become too busy to fulfill their religious duties.
B)God's creation is not treated with respect.
C)societies lose sight of their values.
D)religious truths are denied, and religion is ridiculed.
126
As recommended in "The Sacred Is Allah, the One True God," the Islamic belief system holds that what people must do in order to see evidence of God's existence is:
A)withdraw into solitude.
B)go to the mosque regularly.
C)commune with other spiritually minded people.
D)consult with religious leaders.
127
According to Islamic beliefs, as pointed out in "The Sacred Is Allah, the One True God," all names for God besides Allah are false.
A)True
B)False
128
As argued in "The Islamic Counter-Reformation," the "tragedy of Islam" in today's world is that:
A)adherents to Islam are in decline.
B)the West is overtly hostile to Islam.
C)extremist elements have intimidated Muslim leadership.
D)too few Muslim-dominated countries are ruled by Islamic law.
129
As suggested in "The Islamic Counter-Reformation," the problem with basing Islamic identity on Shiri'a is that it implies that Islam represents:
A)an inability to achieve a Western capitalist system.
B)repression and aggression.
C)an overly religious system.
D)intellectual inferiority.
130
Superficial attempts at modernization in Muslim countries, as discussed in "The Islamic Counter-Reformation," have increased political frustrations within those countries.
A)True
B)False
131
As related in "Religion; It Sounds Like Hate, but Is It?" a prominent question for religious leaders in today's pluralistic societies involves how:
A)to alter scriptures so that they speak to a variety of religious traditions.
B)ancient scriptures can be made to conform to current points of view.
C)to revise out-dated worship services.
D)modern society can learn to accept traditional spiritual teachings.
132
According to the theologian Reuven Firestone, as cited in "Religion; It Sounds Like Hate, but Is It?" the reason new religions tend to emerge is that:
A)would-be religious leaders seek to increase their followings.
B)spiritual prophets arise in predictable historical cycles.
C)other contemporaneous religions are seen as flawed.
D)major political or economic crises stimulate increases in spiritual activities.
133
As indicated in "Religion; It Sounds Like Hate, but Is It?" a particular translation of the Koran recently was withdrawn from a California school system because it was reported to contain objectionable language regarding Jews.
A)True
B)False
134
As explained in "The Case for `Yellow Theology'," "yellow theology" is:
A)the blueprint of Christian churches to convert Asians to Christianity.
B)a type of Christian fundamentalism that appeals to Asians.
C)a retelling of the New Testament, giving it an Asian background.
D)evangelism sensitive to the religious history of people of Asian ancestry.
135
As given in "Cross Meets Crescent: An Interview With Kenneth Cragg," the role of the ecumenical movement should be to:
A)encourage discussion between Christians, Muslims, and Jews.
B)participate in interfaith exchanges among Christians.
C)engage in dialogue with all faiths.
D)work against exclusivity and fundamentalism.
136
To say that Islam is portrayed as the "final religion," as mentioned in "Cross Meets Crescent: An Interview With Kenneth Cragg," is to say that Muslims understand their religion as being:
A)primarily centered on apocalyptic themes.
B)the faith that culminates all previous revelation from preceding prophets.
C)one that took a long time to develop.
D)a faith of last resort.
137
As pointed out in "Cross Meets Crescent: An Interview With Kenneth Cragg," Muslims tend to view the Qur'an as a metaphorical holy text.
A)True
B)False
138
As noted in "Islam & Christianity Face to Face: An Old Conflict: Prospects for a New Ending," Christianity and Islam are theologically similar in that they both preach a global message, and they both profess:
A)to be tolerant toward other faiths.
B)that they are engaged in processes of reform.
C)to hold the key to the best way to organize a society.
D)a theology that teaches that its faith supercedes preceding ones.
139
The British colonial idea of the "white man's burden," as explained in "Islam & Christianity Face to Face: An Old Conflict: Prospects for a New Ending," is an example of:
A)Western democratic principles in action.
B)the supposition of the inherent superiority of Christianity.
C)a spirit of generosity permeating Christian missionary work.
D)divergent levels of development between the Muslim and Western worlds.
140
Early Islam, as indicated in "Islam & Christianity Face to Face: An Old Conflict: Prospects for a New Ending," was more tolerant of other faiths than was imperial Christianity.
A)True
B)False
141
As asserted in "Religion Makes a Comeback (Belief to Follow)," the tendency in the United States toward individualism leads many Americans to be drawn to religious experiences that:
A)involve communion with nature.
B)are meditative and introspective.
C)do not require much commitment.
D)allow for multiple interpretations of scripture.
142
In terms of attendance at religious services, as conveyed in "Religion Makes a Comeback (Belief to Follow)," Americans in higher-income brackets, versus those with low incomes, are more likely to:
A)not attend worship services at all.
B)attend weekly services.
C)pick and choose between various denominations.
D)attend a "megachurch."
143
As noted in "Religion Makes a Comeback (Belief to Follow)," almost all Americans believe that they are going to heaven.
A)True
B)False
144
Factors identified by Rodney Stark in "Oh, Gods!" as contributing to the success of new religious movements include that:
A)faith must come before relationships.
B)newcomers should not be burdened with tasks.
C)tenets must be empirically provable.
D)there must be a serious conception of God and the supernatural.
145
As reported in "Oh, Gods!" new religious movements have been successful in Africa because:
A)people there are superstitious.
B)they help people survive.
C)there is no indigenous religious belief.
D)Christians missions have given up.
146
As noted in "Oh, Gods!" most new religious movements fail.
A)True
B)False
147
As pointed out in "Doper or Devotee?" members of the Rastafarian religion view marijuana not as a drug, but rather as a:
A)means of escape.
B)sacrament.
C)staple of life.
D)rite of passage.
148
Rastafarian Cameron Best received a harsher sentence than his co-defendants for using and distributing marijuana, as maintained in "Doper or Devotee?" partly because he:
A)had possessed more marijuana than they had.
B)acted aggressively and belligerently in the courtroom.
C)had a long history of drug convictions.
D)adhered to his religious convictions during trial.
149
As indicated in "Doper or Devotee?" Rastafarian Cameron Best had offered to help the local police track down dealers in crack cocaine, but the police refused his help.
A)True
B)False
150
General truths about fundamentalist movements, as explicated in "Fundamentalism," include all of the following except:
A)violence is sometimes but not always a tool used by fundamentalists.
B)literal interpretation of sacred texts is essential to fundamentalism.
C)fundamentalists tend to be reactionary.
D)fundamentalist movements are not limited to monotheistic religions.
151
As concluded in "Fundamentalism," one way in which fundamentalist movements differ from cults is that:
A)unlike the heads of cults, fundamentalist leaders are not necessarily charismatic.
B)cults usually have identifiable leaders, whereas fundamentalist groups do not.
C)cult leaders are often more secretive than fundamentalist leaders.
D)fundamentalists, more than cultic leaders, tend to have magnetic personalities.
152
The majority of Muslim fundamentalists, as outlined in "Fundamentalism," are linked to terrorism.
A)True
B)False





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