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1 | |
Synthesis of large, energy-storage molecules that requires energy input, best describes (p. 102) |
| | A) | anabolism |
| | B) | metabolism |
| | C) | catabolism |
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2 | |
Which of the following molecules is the final electron acceptor for all fuel molecules that are completely broken down to carbon dioxide and water within the mitochondria of an animal cell? (p. 102) |
| | A) | glucose |
| | B) | fatty acid |
| | C) | oxygen |
| | D) | amino acid |
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3 | |
Which of these is not a final product of aerobic cell respiration? (p. 102) |
| | A) | carbon dioxide |
| | B) | water |
| | C) | oxygen |
| | D) | energy (ATP) |
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4 | |
In the cell's respiration of glucose forming two molecules of pyruvic acid, four atoms of ____are removed. (p. 102) |
| | A) | carbon |
| | B) | hydrogen |
| | C) | oxygen |
| | D) | carbon dioxide |
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5 | |
Which of the following statements about glycolysis is false? (p. 102) |
| | A) | It results in the formation of two molecules of pyruvic acid. |
| | B) | It results in the net gain of two ATP molecules. |
| | C) | It can occur with or without oxygen present. |
| | D) | It is endergonic because more energy is required than is produced. |
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6 | |
As a result of anaerobic respiration in humans, glucose is converted to (p. 103) |
| | A) | pyruvic acid |
| | B) | lactic acid |
| | C) | citric acid |
| | D) | acetyl CoA |
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7 | |
The organ most responsible for extracting and converting lactic acid to pyruvic acid, and which ultimately reforms and releases free glucose via the Cori cycle into the bloodstream, is the(p. 106) |
| | A) | liver |
| | B) | brain |
| | C) | cardiac muscle |
| | D) | skeletal muscle |
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8 | |
The process in question 7, which describes the conversion of noncarbohydrate molecules into glucose, is an example of (p. 105) |
| | A) | glycogenolysis |
| | B) | glycogenesis |
| | C) | gluconeogenesis |
| | D) | glycolysis |
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9 | |
Which of the following tissues can survive longest in the absence of adequate oxygen (anaerobic conditions) by deriving energy from the anaerobic respiration of glucose molecules? (p. 104) |
| | A) | the brain |
| | B) | cardiac muscle |
| | C) | the kidneys |
| | D) | skeletal muscle |
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10 | |
The Cori cycle is the process by which (p. 106) |
| | A) | liver glycogen is exchanged for muscle glycogen |
| | B) | blood glucose is stored as liver glycogen |
| | C) | muscle lactic acid is stored as muscle glycogen |
| | D) | blood lactic acid is converted by the liver to glucose |
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11 | |
In addition to energy (ATP), what is (are) the final product(s) of aerobic respiration? (p. 107) |
| | A) | O2 and CO2 |
| | B) | CO2 and H2O |
| | C) | O2 and H2O |
| | D) | CO2 only |
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12 | |
In aerobic respiration, about ____ percent of the chemical bond energy that is released from glucose is captured in the high-energy bonds of ATP molecules. (p. 107) |
| | A) | 40% |
| | B) | 50% |
| | C) | 60% |
| | D) | 70% |
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13 | |
The vitamin from the diet that is converted into coenzyme A and that combines with acetic acid in the mitochondrion to form acetyl CoA, is (p. 107) |
| | A) | niacin (B3 ) |
| | B) | pantothenic acid |
| | C) | riboflavin (B2) |
| | D) | pyridoxine (B6) |
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14 | |
Which of the following processes does not occur as an acetic acid subunit enters the mitochondrion and progresses around one complete circuit of the Krebs cycle? (p. 109) |
| | A) | One GTP molecule is converted to one ATP molecule. |
| | B) | Three NAD molecules are reduced by the addition of electrons (H's). |
| | C) | One molecule of oxygen (O2 ) is combined with carbon to form carbon dioxide (CO2 ). |
| | D) | One molecule of FAD is reduced by the addition of high energy electrons (H's). |
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15 | |
Which of the following molecules is not an integral part of the electron-transport chain? (p. 110) |
| | A) | iron-containing cytochrome pigments |
| | B) | flavin mononucleotide (FMN) derived from the vitamin, riboflavin |
| | C) | coenzyme Q |
| | D) | coenzyme A |
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16 | |
All of the following are formed as a result of the electron-transport chain except (p. 111) |
| | A) | carbon dioxide |
| | B) | oxidized NAD |
| | C) | water |
| | D) | ATP |
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17 | |
The chemiosmotic theory describes how the electron-transport system produces ATP using active proton pumps located within the (p. 111) |
| | A) | nuclear membrane |
| | B) | plasma (cellular) membrane |
| | C) | mitochondrial inner membrane |
| | D) | mitochondrial outer membrane |
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18 | |
The lollipop-like structures known as respiratory assemblies that can be seen under very high magnification with an electron microscope, are critically important in what process? (p. 111) |
| | A) | glycolysis |
| | B) | Krebs cycle |
| | C) | oxidative phosphorylation |
| | D) | gluconeogenesis |
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19 | |
As outlined in table 5.2, the latest estimate of the total number of net ATP molecules that can be maximally generated by the complete aerobic respiration of glucose in aerobic respiration is (p. 113) |
| | A) | twelve |
| | B) | twenty-four |
| | C) | thirty |
| | D) | thirty-eight |
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20 | |
The conversion of glycogen to glucose-6-phosphate is the first step in (p. 106) |
| | A) | glycolysis |
| | B) | gluconeogenesis |
| | C) | glycogenolysis |
| | D) | glycogenesis |
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21 | |
The enzyme found only in the liver that removes phosphate groups and can, thus, release free glucose for distribution around the body by the blood is (p.105) |
| | A) | glycogen synthetase |
| | B) | glucose-6-phosphatase |
| | C) | glycogen phosphorylase |
| | D) | glucose isomerase |
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22 | |
Glucose molecules entering skeletal muscle fibers are "trapped'' when converted to (p. 105) |
| | A) | pyruvic acid |
| | B) | glucose 1-phosphate |
| | C) | glucose 6-phosphate |
| | D) | glycogen |
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23 | |
Acetyl CoA is an important metabolic intersection leading to the formation of all of the following substances except (p. 114) |
| | A) | prostaglandin molecules |
| | B) | cholesterol and steroid molecules |
| | C) | ketone bodies |
| | D) | fatty acids and triglyceride molecules |
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24 | |
The two glycolytic intermediates that directly link glucose metabolism to the metabolism of triglycerides, and thereby linking carbohydrate to fat metabolism are (p. 114) |
| | A) | pyruvic acid and phosphoglyceraldehyde |
| | B) | acetyl CoA and pyruvic acid |
| | C) | phosphoglyceraldehyde and acetyl CoA |
| | D) | glucose and pyruvic acid |
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25 | |
Which of the following energy storage nutrient molecules provides the greatest amount of energy in calories (kilocalories) per gram? (p. 114) |
| | A) | fat |
| | B) | carbohydrate |
| | C) | protein |
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26 | |
The removal of acetic acid molecules from the acid end of fatty acids, thereby reducing the length of the fatty acid molecule by two carbons, is performed by a series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions known as (p. 114) |
| | A) | lipogenesis |
| | B) | lipolysis |
| | C) | β-oxidation |
| | D) | ketosis |
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27 | |
In the liver, the "overflow'' pathway for excess acetyl CoA molecules formed from fatty acid breakdown (when ATP is not needed), can follow an alternate route that leads to the formation of another metabolic product known as (p. 115) |
| | A) | lactic acid |
| | B) | ketone bodies |
| | C) | cholesterol |
| | D) | bile |
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28 | |
The formation of nonessential amino acids from essential amino acids and carbohydrates is known as (p.116) |
| | A) | transamination |
| | B) | β-oxidation |
| | C) | oxidative deamination |
| | D) | urea cycle |
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29 | |
The vitamin that acts as a coenzyme for transaminase enzymes is (p.116) |
| | A) | niacin (B3) |
| | B) | riboflavin (B2) |
| | C) | pyridoxine (B6) |
| | D) | vitamin C |
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30 | |
The enzymatic removal of amine groups from amino acids such as glutamic acid, producing a keto acid molecule and ammonia as products, is called (p. 116) |
| | A) | ketosis |
| | B) | β-oxidation |
| | C) | transamination |
| | D) | oxidative deamination |
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31 | |
Urea molecules are formed by the liver from toxic ammonia molecules which, in turn, are produced ultimately from the breakdown of much larger ____ molecules. (p. 117) |
| | A) | carbohydrate |
| | B) | protein |
| | C) | ketone body |
| | D) | fat |
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32 | |
Which of the following is not a source of energy found circulating in the bloodstream? (p. 119) |
| | A) | glycogen |
| | B) | glucose and ketone bodies |
| | C) | lactic acid and amino acids |
| | D) | fatty acids |
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33 | |
The ____ is the organ with an absolute requirement for blood glucose as its major energy source. (p. 119) |
| | A) | brain |
| | B) | heart |
| | C) | skeletal muscle |
| | D) | liver |
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34 | |
The oxygen debt that follows strenuous exercise is increased by the extra oxygen required to metabolize ____ molecules. (p. 119) |
| | A) | carbon dioxide |
| | B) | lactic acid |
| | C) | glycogen |
| | D) | fatty acid |
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education