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1 | |
Autonomic motor nerves innervate (stimulate) organs whose functions are not usually under voluntary control. (p. 218) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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2 | |
The word viscera refers to the organs located within the body cavities. (p. 218) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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3 | |
Unlike somatic motor neurons, autonomic motor innervation of target tissues involve two neurons in the efferent pathway. (p. 219) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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4 | |
A ganglion is defined as a collection of cell bodies located inside the CNS (brain and spinal cord). (p. 219) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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5 | |
Ganglia are an integral part of the somatic motor pathway. (p. 219) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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6 | |
Many smooth muscles and cardiac muscle (the heart) can contract rhythmically even in the absence of autonomic nerve stimulation. (p. 219) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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7 | |
Unlike somatic motor neurons that always cause stimulation of skeletal muscle, some autonomic nerves release neurotransmitters that inhibit the activity of their effectors. (p. 219) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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8 | |
Both sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons have preganglionic cell bodies located inside the CNS and postganglionic cell bodies located outside the CNS. (p. 220) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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9 | |
Preganglionic sympathetic neurons are myelinated and thus, called white rami communicantes, while postganglionic sympathetic fibers are unmyelinated and therefore, form the gray rami communicantes. (p. 220) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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10 | |
The convergence of impulses from the spinal cord to the ganglia and the divergence of impulses within the ganglia usually result in the mass activation of almost all postganglionic fibers. (p. 220) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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11 | |
The cortex of the adrenal gland resembles a modified sympathetic ganglion since its cells are derived from the neural crest that forms preganglionic sympathetic neurons. (p. 221) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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12 | |
Neurons whose cell bodies originate in the medulla oblongata and whose axons serve as cranial nerves, would be classified as parasympathetic. (p. 222) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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13 | |
Sympathetic nerves do not travel with spinal nerves, while parasympathetics do. (p. 221) |
| | A) | TRUE |
| | B) | FALSE |
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14 | |
Sympathetic nerves to the visceral organs consist of preganglionic fibers, whereas parasympathetic nerves to these organs contain postganglionic fibers. (p. 225) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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15 | |
Sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons usually release different neurotransmitters from their respective postganglionic fibers. (p. 226) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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16 | |
Those sympathetic postganglionic neurons activating blood vessels in skeletal muscle and in sweat glands are unique in their release of acetylcholine (ACh) instead of the more typical release of norepinephrine (NE). (p. 226) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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17 | |
Adrenergic stimulation of target cells by epinephrine (usually from the adrenal medulla) and by norepinephrine (from sympathetic nerve endings) can produce both excitatory and inhibitory effects on the target cell. (p. 227) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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18 | |
The two subtypes of alpha receptors produce their effects by stimulating increases in cyclic AMP (cAMP) production within the target cells. (p. 228) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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19 | |
The response of a target cell when norepinephrine binds to α1 receptors results in a rise in intracellular calcium (Ca2+) concentration that serves as a "second messenger'" rather than cAMP. (p. 228) |
| | A) | TRUE |
| | B) | FALSE |
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20 | |
Stimulation of α-adrenergic receptors almost always causes smooth muscle contraction, such as those of smaller blood vessels, resulting in constriction (vasoconstriction). (p. 228) |
| | A) | TRUE |
| | B) | FALSE |
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21 | |
The drug that blocks the action of a neurotransmitter is said to be an agonist of that neurotransmitter. (p. 228) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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22 | |
The cholinergic (ACh) effects at the synapses of somatic motor neurons and preganglionic autonomic neurons can be both excitatory and inhibitory. (p. 230) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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23 | |
Both nicotinic and muscarinic subtypes of receptors respond to acetylcholine (ACh) as a neurotransmitter. (p. 230) |
| | A) | TRUE |
| | B) | FALSE |
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24 | |
Parasympathetic stimulation of the pacemaker region of the heart increases the heart rate.(p. 231) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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25 | |
In the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, the activation of parasympathetic neurons increases the intensity of intestinal smooth muscle contractions and increases intestinal secretions. (p. 231) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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26 | |
Organs that lack dual innervation only receive sympathetic innervation. (p. 232) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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27 | |
Cholinergic receptors located on the membrane of target cells are divided into nicotinic and muscarinic subtypes. (p. 230) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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28 | |
Propranolol was once a popular drug used to treat hypertension. However, it has undesirable (adverse) side effects because it not only blocks β1 receptors located in the heart (slows it down), but also β2 receptors located in the bronchioles (reduces bronchodilation). (p. 229) |
| | A) | TRUE |
| | B) | FALSE |
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29 | |
There are certain postganglionic autonomic axons that produce their effects through mechanisms that do not involve either norepinephrine (adrenergic) or acetylcholine (cholinergic) neurotransmitters. (p. 230) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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30 | |
Nitrous oxide is the gas that serves as a local tissue regulatory molecule (paracrine) and, perhaps, as a neurotransmitter causing the smooth muscle of blood vessels to relax (vasodilation) in regions such as the brain, penis, stomach, small intestine, and elsewhere.(p. 230) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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31 | |
Most visceral organs receive dual innervation - stimulation from both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve fibers. (p. 231) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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32 | |
During emergency situations, activation of the sympathetic nervous system ("flight-or-fight") will stimulate contraction of the circular muscles of the eye and the pupils will constrict. (p. 231) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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33 | |
An increase in sympathetic nerve stimulation to blood vessels causes vasoconstriction, whereas vasodilation of blood vessels is caused by an increase in parasympathetic nerve stimulation. (p. 232) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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34 | |
Cooling of the body can be accomplished by sweat glands in the trunk that secrete not only a watery sweat that readily evaporates, but that also secrete a chemical called bradykinin, that dilates surface blood vessels and cools by radiating heat. (p. 232) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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35 | |
The vagus nerve is a mixed nerve, containing both sensory and motor fibers. (p. 210) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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36 | |
Thermoregulation, the regulation of heat gain or loss by the body, is accomplished without the direct involvement of the parasympathetic nervous system. (p. 232) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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37 | |
Blushing, pallor, fainting, breaking out in a cold sweat, a racing heartbeat, and "butterflies in the stomach," are only some of the many visceral reactions that accompany emotional activation of the cerebellum region of the brain. (p. 232) |
| | A) | TRUE |
| | B) | FALSE |
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education