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Hole's Human Anatomy & Physiology, 9/e

David Shier, Washtenaw Community College
Ricki Lewis, The University at Albany
Jackie Butler, Grayson County Community College

Chemical Basis of Life

Multiple Choice Quiz

Please answer all questions


1	An electrically charged small negative particle which encircles a nucleus is the _____.
		A)	proton
		B)	neutron
		C)	electron
		D)	positron


2	The nucleus of an atom always has a _____ charge.
		A)	unstable
		B)	positive
		C)	negative
		D)	neutral


3	What is the charge of an elemental atom?
		A)	negative
		B)	positive
		C)	neutral
		D)	constantly changing


4	Which of these has the highest atomic weight?
		A)	magnesium
		B)	fluorine
		C)	lithium
		D)	sodium


5	Two atoms with the same atomic number but different atomic weights are called _____.
		A)	elements
		B)	isotopes
		C)	molecules
		D)	radioactive


6	What does a radioactive element do?
		A)	lose neutrons
		B)	lose protons
		C)	undergoes nuclear disintegration
		D)	change their electron shells


7	When atoms react chemically they gain, lose, or share _____.
		A)	protons
		B)	electrons
		C)	neutrons
		D)	atomic weights


8	Radiation in the form of two protons and two neutrons is the _____.
		A)	gamma ray
		B)	electron
		C)	beta particle
		D)	alpha particle


9	Which of these can be used to detect heart disease?
		A)	iodine-131
		B)	gallium-67
		C)	thallium-201
		D)	cobalt-60


10	Why is iodine-131 used to assess thyroid function?
		A)	it has a short half-life
		B)	it becomes absorbed into tissues
		C)	it is radioactive
		D)	the thyroid gland uses iodine


11	The second electron shell can hold a maximum of _____ electrons.
		A)	2
		B)	4
		C)	6
		D)	8


12	The only elements that have eight electrons in their outer orbitals and are therefore stable are the _____.
		A)	metals
		B)	non-metals
		C)	gases
		D)	gases such as helium


13	Chemically stable elements will not _____ under ordinary conditions.
		A)	become radioactive
		B)	chemically react
		C)	disintegrate
		D)	undergo nuclear decay


14	What happens to sodium when it loses its outer electron?
		A)	it becomes a negative ion
		B)	it becomes radioactive
		C)	it becomes a positive ion
		D)	nothing


15	In table salt, _____ bonds hold the ions together.
		A)	electrovalent
		B)	electrostatic
		C)	covalent
		D)	hydrogen


16	What causes HCl to become an acid?
		A)	the ionic forces
		B)	covalent exchanges with water
		C)	the release of H+
		D)	the presence of H+


17	A covalent bond is formed whenever two atoms ______ electrons.
		A)	lose
		B)	share
		C)	gain
		D)	keep their


18	Carbon atoms tend to form _____.
		A)	covalent bonds
		B)	cations
		C)	anions
		D)	ionic bonds


19	Buildings that contain radon in their structures can cause illness because radon will _____.
		A)	chemically react with human tissues
		B)	produce ionizing radiation
		C)	be absorbed into the blood
		D)	disintegrate


20	When atoms of different elements combine they form _____.
		A)	gases
		B)	compounds
		C)	molecules
		D)	ionic bonds


21	The _____ is the smallest particle of an element, which has the properties of the element.
		A)	atom
		B)	electron
		C)	ion
		D)	molecule


22	_____ formulas display the relative positions of each atom within a molecule.
		A)	Empirical
		B)	Structural
		C)	Molecular
		D)	Nuclear


23	Decomposition is the opposite of a _____ reaction.
		A)	synthesis
		B)	ionic
		C)	nuclear
		D)	exchange


24	What is the term for a substance that can increase the rate of a reaction without becoming changed?
		A)	reactant
		B)	product
		C)	catalyst
		D)	electrolyte


25	Sodium chloride is an example of a/an _____.
		A)	base
		B)	acid
		C)	electrolyte
		D)	ion


26	The following are all electrolytes except which one?
		A)	NaOH
		B)	glucose
		C)	Carbonic acid
		D)	aluminum chloride


27	A solution with a pH of 7.35 is considered to be _____.
		A)	acidic
		B)	neutral
		C)	basic
		D)	normal


28	What is the most abundant compound in the human body?
		A)	water
		B)	oxygen
		C)	carbon
		D)	protein


29	What is the main purpose for cellular oxygen?
		A)	transports heat
		B)	acts as a solvent
		C)	results in energy
		D)	it is exchanged for carbon dioxide


30	Which inorganic ion is required for ATP and nucleic acid synthesis and is part of their structures?
		A)	magnesium
		B)	K+
		C)	bicarbonate
		D)	phosphate


31	The following are monosaccharides except which one?
		A)	glucose
		B)	sucrose
		C)	fructose
		D)	galactose


32	Glycogen is a type of _____ and is a storage form of sugar.
		A)	monosaccharide
		B)	disaccharide
		C)	polysaccharide
		D)	milk sugar


33	Lipids include the following except which one?
		A)	fats
		B)	oils
		C)	steroids
		D)	lactose


34	If a triglyceride were digested it would break down into glycerol and _____.
		A)	fatty acids
		B)	nitrogen
		C)	a saccharide
		D)	a lipid


35	Unsaturated fats are comprised of lipids that contain ____.
		A)	nitrogen
		B)	no double bonds
		C)	many hydrogen atoms
		D)	relatively few hydrogen atoms


36	The following are steroids except which one?
		A)	cholesterol
		B)	estrogens
		C)	testosterone
		D)	phospholipid


37	Proteins are most important for the following functions except which one?
		A)	hormone structures
		B)	energy production
		C)	cell structures
		D)	antibodies


38	All nucleic acids must contain which of the following?
		A)	phosphate group
		B)	amino acids
		C)	ribose
		D)	deoxyribose


39	The molecule which contains the genetic information necessary to regulate cells is _____.
		A)	RNA
		B)	DNA
		C)	protein
		D)	ATP

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