Student Center | Instructor Center | Information Center | Home

Hole's Human Anatomy & Physiology, 9/e

David Shier, Washtenaw Community College
Ricki Lewis, The University at Albany
Jackie Butler, Grayson County Community College

Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

Multiple Choice Quiz

Please answer all questions


1	Where is most water found in the body?
		A)	blood plasma
		B)	whole blood
		C)	tissue spaces
		D)	in cells


2	Which of these is a transcellular fluid?
		A)	plasma
		B)	lymph
		C)	interstitial
		D)	synovial


3	Which of these is not a transcellular fluid?
		A)	interstitial fluid
		B)	vitreous humor
		C)	peritoneal fluid
		D)	mucus


4	Which of these is relatively high in extracellular fluids?
		A)	potassium
		B)	calcium
		C)	phosphate
		D)	sodium


5	What is the main force that causes water to move among the various fluid compartments?
		A)	osmosis
		B)	filtration
		C)	hydrostatic pressure
		D)	dialysis


6	What is the main force that causes fluid to leave the plasma compartment?
		A)	osmosis
		B)	hydrostatic pressure
		C)	dialysis
		D)	filtration


7	How is the excess tissue fluid mainly returned to the blood?
		A)	hydrostatic forces
		B)	through the capillaries
		C)	lymphatic vessels
		D)	tissue osmosis


8	About _____% of the total daily intake of water is derived from internal cell metabolism.
		A)	33
		B)	10
		C)	80
		D)	60


9	What is the greatest regulator of water intake?
		A)	renal function
		B)	gastrointestinal system
		C)	adequate diet
		D)	hypothalamus


10	As total body water decreases, the _____ of the extracellular fluid increases.
		A)	amount of sodium
		B)	osmotic pressure
		C)	hydrostatic pressure
		D)	protein level


11	The greatest amount of body water is lost through _____.
		A)	sweating
		B)	defecation
		C)	urine
		D)	breathing


12	The main factor that causes the kidney to conserve water is _____.
		A)	ADH
		B)	osmosis
		C)	renin production
		D)	plasma filtration pressure


13	ADH is secreted from the _____.
		A)	hypothalamus
		B)	posterior pituitary
		C)	anterior pituitary
		D)	kidney


14	Which of the following would have a diuretic effect? :
		A)	eating salty pretzels
		B)	drinking alcohol
		C)	sleeping
		D)	most drugs


15	ADH has a direct effect on _____.
		A)	blood pressure
		B)	water reabsorption
		C)	blood concentration
		D)	all of these


16	Excessive vomiting usually results in the phenomenon of _____.
		A)	water intoxication
		B)	dehydration
		C)	edema
		D)	hypoproteinemia


17	The symptoms of dehydration result from loss of _____ water.
		A)	intracellular
		B)	extracellular
		C)	blood
		D)	transcellular


18	The effects of water intoxication are usually related to _____.
		A)	blood pressure
		B)	hypoproteinemia
		C)	low sodium
		D)	high potassium


19	Which of the following favor the development of edema?
		A)	hypoproteinemia
		B)	decreased venous pressure
		C)	decreased capillary permeability
		D)	lymphatic flow


20	Which of these is not a usual cause of hypoproteinemia?
		A)	glomerulonephritis
		B)	poor diet
		C)	diuresis
		D)	liver disease


21	What can be a direct cause of ascites?
		A)	hypertension
		B)	hepatic disease
		C)	glomerulonephritis
		D)	renal failure


22	What causes the edema seen in inflammations?
		A)	hyperproteinemia
		B)	histamine
		C)	hypertension
		D)	cell damage


23	Which of the following is not true in Addison's disease?
		A)	sodium decreases
		B)	potassium decreases
		C)	adrenal cortex failure
		D)	low aldosterone


24	Where are most electrolytes normally lost?
		A)	feces
		B)	sweating
		C)	urine
		D)	respiration


25	What is the most abundant extracellular cation?
		A)	potassium
		B)	Mg++
		C)	chloride
		D)	sodium


26	Which factor accounts for the ability of the body to conserve high levels of sodium?
		A)	blood pressure
		B)	aldosterone
		C)	kidney function
		D)	adequate diet


27	Which ion is usually exchanged for sodium absorption?
		A)	Cl-
		B)	bicarbonate
		C)	K+
		D)	H+


28	Which cells are most sensitive to electrolyte changes?
		A)	osteoblasts
		B)	epithelial
		C)	leukocytes
		D)	neurons


29	Which of these is not an effect of parathyroid hormone?
		A)	osteoclast stimulation
		B)	increase in blood Ca++
		C)	increase in renal elimination
		D)	increase in intestinal absorption


30	Which ion is directly related to calcium homeostasis?
		A)	Mg++
		B)	sodium
		C)	phosphate
		D)	chloride


31	Hyperparathyroidism usually causes an increase in _____.
		A)	potassium
		B)	calcium
		C)	phosphate
		D)	sodium


32	Which of the following does not become involved with maintaining blood calcium balance?
		A)	skeletal muscle
		B)	bone
		C)	kidneys
		D)	intestine


33	Which of the following is not related to hypocalcemia?
		A)	vitamin D deficiency
		B)	muscle weakness
		C)	tetany
		D)	cardiac arrhythmia


34	Which is the most abundant extracellular ion?
		A)	phosphate
		B)	bicarbonate
		C)	chloride
		D)	potassium


35	What is the most important ion, which affects all of the functions of the others?
		A)	H+
		B)	Na+
		C)	K+
		D)	phosphate


36	Which of the following will not produce H+ ions?
		A)	respiration of glucose
		B)	oxidation of fatty acids
		C)	synthesis of phosphoproteins
		D)	oxidation of sulfur amino acids


37	Which of these is not associated with acidity?
		A)	H3PO4
		B)	lactic
		C)	ketone
		D)	glucose


38	What is a likely cause of hypernatremia?
		A)	high salt in the diet
		B)	kidney failure
		C)	diabetes insipidus
		D)	vomiting


39	Hypokalemia could result from all of these except which one?
		A)	vomiting
		B)	Addison's disease
		C)	Cushing's disease
		D)	renal failure


40	Which of the following acts as a base in body fluids?
		A)	H+
		B)	HCl
		C)	H2CO3
		D)	HCO3-


41	Which of the following does not play a significant role in maintaining acid-base balance?
		A)	blood buffers
		B)	stomach
		C)	kidney
		D)	respiration


42	Which of the following could act as a buffer?
		A)	bicarbonate ion
		B)	H2PO4
		C)	albumin
		D)	carbonic acid


43	The purpose of a buffer system is to _____.
		A)	prevent pH changes
		B)	increase acidity
		C)	decrease pH
		D)	maintain a pH range


44	In the bicarbonate buffer system, _____ reacts with bases.
		A)	carbon dioxide
		B)	carbonic acid
		C)	bicarbonate ion
		D)	water


45	When a strong base reacts with the bicarbonate buffer system, ______ is formed from the base.
		A)	water
		B)	carbon dioxide
		C)	bicarbonate ion
		D)	carbonic acid


46	When an acid reacts with the bicarbonate buffer system, ______ is formed as an end product.
		A)	NaCl
		B)	water
		C)	carbonic acid
		D)	bicarbonate ion


47	What happens to HCl in the phosphate buffer reaction?
		A)	ionizes
		B)	forms water
		C)	forms H2PO4
		D)	forms a weak acid and salt


48	What reacts with excess acids in protein buffers?
		A)	carboxyl group
		B)	amino group
		C)	CO2
		D)	NH3+


49	What reacts with the excess bases in protein buffers?
		A)	NH2
		B)	carbon dioxide
		C)	NH3+
		D)	carboxyl group


50	What buffers the addition of hydrogen in blood cells following the uptake of carbon dioxide?
		A)	albumin
		B)	bicarbonate
		C)	hemoglobin
		D)	phosphate


51	Which factor greatly increases the reaction between carbon dioxide and water?
		A)	carbonic anhydrase
		B)	concentration of carbon dioxide
		C)	concentration of bicarbonate
		D)	pH of hemoglobin


52	Which of the following is an effect of acidosis?
		A)	increased diuresis
		B)	decreased diuresis
		C)	mental confusion
		D)	seizures


53	Which blood parameter is directly affected by breathing?
		A)	blood pH
		B)	carbon dioxide
		C)	bicarbonate levels
		D)	buffer chemicals


54	During periods of acidosis, the kidney will secrete _____ into the urine.
		A)	carbon dioxide
		B)	K+
		C)	H2PO4
		D)	HPO4


55	In an attempt to remove acid from the blood, the kidneys will secrete _____ into the urine compartment.
		A)	ammonia
		B)	NH4+
		C)	chloride
		D)	monohydrogen phosphate


56	Which mechanism requires the most time to regulate pH?
		A)	bicarbonate buffer
		B)	phosphate buffer
		C)	respiration
		D)	renal function


57	Which condition is a generalized accumulation of body edematous tissues?
		A)	azotemia
		B)	anuria
		C)	acetonemia
		D)	anasarca


58	What is the normal pH of the blood?
		A)	7.4
		B)	7.35-7.45
		C)	6.8-7.9
		D)	7.0-8.0


59	What is the pH range compatible with life?
		A)	7.35-7.45
		B)	7.0-9.0
		C)	6.8-8.0
		D)	5-9


60	Hyperventilation from anxiety usually causes _____.
		A)	respiratory acidosis
		B)	metabolic acidosis
		C)	respiratory alkalosis
		D)	metabolic alkalosis


61	Lung cancer usually causes the tendency towards _____.
		A)	metabolic acidosis
		B)	metabolic alkalosis
		C)	respiratory acidosis
		D)	respiratory alkalosis

2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Any use is subject to the Terms of Use and Privacy Notice.
McGraw-Hill Higher Education is one of the many fine businesses of The McGraw-Hill Companies.