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1 | |
Which of the following types of muscle are found in the stomach or blood vessels? |
| | A) | cardiac |
| | B) | skeletal |
| | C) | visceral |
| | D) | striated |
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2 | |
A large broad sheet of connective tissue, such as on the abdomen, is called a/an _____ . |
| | A) | aponeurosis |
| | B) | epimysium |
| | C) | perimysium |
| | D) | endomysium |
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3 | |
The membrane that is the closest to the individual muscle fiber is the _____ . |
| | A) | aponeurosis |
| | B) | epimysium |
| | C) | perimysium |
| | D) | endomysium |
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4 | |
A group of skeletal muscle fibers is called a/an _____. |
| | A) | perimysium |
| | B) | fascicle |
| | C) | epimysium |
| | D) | tendon |
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5 | |
The structure that connects muscles to bones is the _____. |
| | A) | aponeurosis |
| | B) | fascicle |
| | C) | tendon |
| | D) | ligament |
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6 | |
The fibers of a muscle that are connected to the overlying skin fibers is the _____ . |
| | A) | subcutaneous fascia |
| | B) | deep fascia |
| | C) | subserous fascia |
| | D) | tendon |
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7 | |
The muscle cells within a group such as the biceps brachii are individually called _____ . |
| | A) | sarcolemmas |
| | B) | fibers |
| | C) | myocyte |
| | D) | myofibrils |
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8 | |
The fiber cell membrane is termed the _____ . |
| | A) | myofibril |
| | B) | myosin |
| | C) | myofilament |
| | D) | sarcolemma |
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9 | |
Which of the following does not belong with the others? |
| | A) | myofilament |
| | B) | myosin |
| | C) | myofibril |
| | D) | actin |
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10 | |
The smallest, functional unit of contraction is the _____. |
| | A) | fiber |
| | B) | sarcomere |
| | C) | filament |
| | D) | myofibril |
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11 | |
The I bands in a sarcomere are made of _____ . |
| | A) | myosin |
| | B) | actin and myosin |
| | C) | tropomyosin |
| | D) | actin |
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12 | |
The _____ zone contains only myosin and is in the center of a sarcomere. |
| | A) | A |
| | B) | I |
| | C) | M |
| | D) | H |
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13 | |
The cisternae are enlarged portions of the _____ . |
| | A) | sarcoplasmic reticulum |
| | B) | endoplasmic reticulum |
| | C) | transverse tubules |
| | D) | T-tubules |
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14 | |
The gap between the muscle and a nerve is the _____. |
| | A) | synapse |
| | B) | motor end plate |
| | C) | myoneural junction |
| | D) | motor neuron |
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15 | |
The chemical that crosses a neuromuscular gap is _____. |
| | A) | sodium |
| | B) | a protein |
| | C) | a neurotransmitter |
| | D) | calcium |
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16 | |
The combination of a neuron and the muscle fiber it associates with is called a/an _____ . |
| | A) | fascicle |
| | B) | motor end plate |
| | C) | motor unit |
| | D) | myoneural junction |
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17 | |
The most abundant of the muscle proteins is _____ . |
| | A) | actin |
| | B) | troponin |
| | C) | myosin |
| | D) | tropomyosin |
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18 | |
The main force of contraction occurs when actin forms a chemical complex with _____ . |
| | A) | troponin |
| | B) | myosin |
| | C) | tropomyosin |
| | D) | acetylcholine |
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19 | |
When a muscle is at rest, which of the following is not associated chemically with the others? |
| | A) | actin |
| | B) | myosin |
| | C) | troponin |
| | D) | tropomyosin |
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20 | |
During the contraction of a sarcomere, calcium ions bind with the protein _____. |
| | A) | actin |
| | B) | myosin |
| | C) | troponin |
| | D) | tropomyosin |
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21 | |
The main neurotransmitter involved in skeletal muscle contraction is _____. |
| | A) | adrenalin |
| | B) | noradrenalin |
| | C) | acetylcholine |
| | D) | dopamine |
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22 | |
Which molecule directly supplies energy to myosin to allow the filaments to contract? |
| | A) | adenosine diphosphate |
| | B) | ATP |
| | C) | creatine phosphate |
| | D) | creatinine |
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23 | |
What is the most abundant storage form of energy within a muscle fiber? |
| | A) | glycogen |
| | B) | ADP |
| | C) | ATP |
| | D) | creatine phosphate |
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24 | |
What effect does creatine phosphokinase have an muscle activity? |
| | A) | it causes a fiber to relax |
| | B) | it stimulates ATP synthesis |
| | C) | catalyzes the formation of creatine phosphate |
| | D) | causes the breakdown or creatine into creatinine |
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25 | |
How is excess sugar stored within muscle fibers? |
| | A) | in ATP |
| | B) | glycogen |
| | C) | glucose |
| | D) | creatinine |
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26 | |
Which main factor allows muscle to sustain contraction even during times when the blood supply is low? |
| | A) | the presence of hemoglobin |
| | B) | glycogen storage |
| | C) | myoglobin |
| | D) | citric acid cycle |
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27 | |
The reddish brown color of muscle is due to the presence of _____ molecules. |
| | A) | creatine phosphate |
| | B) | hemoglobin |
| | C) | iron |
| | D) | myoglobin |
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28 | |
Which molecule is produced during exercise, resulting in the oxygen debt? |
| | A) | glycogen |
| | B) | lactate |
| | C) | pyruvate |
| | D) | ATP |
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29 | |
Which of the following does not belong with the others? |
| | A) | white muscles |
| | B) | fast-contracting |
| | C) | extensive sarcoplasmic reticulum |
| | D) | relatively large supply of myoglobin |
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30 | |
About _____% of ATP energy becomes liberated as heat from muscle metabolism. |
| | A) | 25 |
| | B) | 50 |
| | C) | 75 |
| | D) | 10 |
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31 | |
The minimum stimulus needed to cause a contraction is called the _____. |
| | A) | all-or-none law |
| | B) | threshold |
| | C) | sub-maximal stimulus |
| | D) | recruitment level |
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32 | |
A single contraction of a muscle is called a ______. |
| | A) | threshold |
| | B) | recruitment |
| | C) | twitch |
| | D) | myogram |
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33 | |
The period of time between the stimulus and contraction is called the _____. |
| | A) | latent period |
| | B) | refractory period |
| | C) | contraction period |
| | D) | relaxation period |
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34 | |
The period of time in which a muscle will not respond to a stimulus is called the _____. |
| | A) | latent period |
| | B) | refractory period |
| | C) | relaxation period |
| | D) | threshold |
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35 | |
The complete contraction of a muscle, without the ability to relax, is called _____. |
| | A) | a sustained contraction |
| | B) | fatigue |
| | C) | tetanic contraction |
| | D) | treppe |
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36 | |
The constant contraction of a percentage of fibers within a muscle is referred to as _____. |
| | A) | tetany |
| | B) | tonus |
| | C) | sustained contraction |
| | D) | summation |
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37 | |
Contractions called _____ occur whenever the forces applied to a muscle are increased, but the muscle does not appear to be moving. |
| | A) | isotonic |
| | B) | isometric |
| | C) | tetanic |
| | D) | summation contractions |
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38 | |
Which of the following muscles always requires nerve impulses in order to contract? |
| | A) | multi-unit smooth |
| | B) | skeletal |
| | C) | visceral smooth |
| | D) | cardiac |
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39 | |
Which type of muscle is found in the wall of blood vessels? |
| | A) | skeletal |
| | B) | cardiac |
| | C) | smooth visceral |
| | D) | multi-unit smooth |
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40 | |
Since smooth muscle fibers have rhythmicity and can stimulate each other, they contract in a pattern called _____. |
| | A) | a functional syncytium |
| | B) | peristalsis |
| | C) | tetany |
| | D) | tonus |
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41 | |
The degeneration of muscle fibers caused by a lack of proper stimulation and usage is called _____. |
| | A) | hypertrophy |
| | B) | atrophy |
| | C) | dystrophy |
| | D) | peristalsis |
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42 | |
In smooth muscle, calcium ions combine with _____ to allow the actin and myosin cross-bridges to form. |
| | A) | calmodulin |
| | B) | troponin |
| | C) | myosin |
| | D) | tropomyosin |
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43 | |
The following cause smooth muscles to contract except which one? |
| | A) | acetylcholine |
| | B) | troponin |
| | C) | norepinephrine |
| | D) | oxytocin |
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44 | |
The presence of _____ allow cardiac muscle fibers to transmit impulses faster among themselves. |
| | A) | cell membranes |
| | B) | nerve fibers |
| | C) | intercalated disks |
| | D) | peristalsis |
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45 | |
The muscle is called the _____ when it is causing the movement that is being described. |
| | A) | antagonist |
| | B) | synergist |
| | C) | prime mover |
| | D) | flexor |
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46 | |
Muscles that act together to cause the same movements are called _____. |
| | A) | synergists |
| | B) | antagonists |
| | C) | prime movers |
| | D) | agonists |
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47 | |
The sternocleidomastoid muscle was named because of its _____. |
| | A) | shape |
| | B) | size |
| | C) | location |
| | D) | points of attachment |
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48 | |
The _____ muscle forms a broad flat sheet on top of the head. |
| | A) | temporalis |
| | B) | buccinator |
| | C) | epicranius |
| | D) | frontalis |
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49 | |
Which muscle lines most of the inner cheek wall? |
| | A) | orbicularis oris |
| | B) | buccinator |
| | C) | orbicularis oculi |
| | D) | masseter |
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50 | |
Which muscle causes smiling and is attached to the corners of the lips? |
| | A) | zygomatic |
| | B) | buccinator |
| | C) | temporalis |
| | D) | orbicularis oris |
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51 | |
The _____ is the broad flat muscle on the neck, which causes frowning. |
| | A) | sternocleidomastoid |
| | B) | platysma |
| | C) | buccinator |
| | D) | pterygoid |
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52 | |
A condition called temporomandibular syndrome can be caused by contraction of the _____. |
| | A) | buccinator |
| | B) | masseter |
| | C) | platysma |
| | D) | frontalis |
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53 | |
The following muscles belong together except which one? |
| | A) | masseter |
| | B) | pterygoid |
| | C) | temporalis |
| | D) | digastric |
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54 | |
The antagonist of the sternocleidomastoid is the _____. |
| | A) | splenius capitis |
| | B) | digastric |
| | C) | trapezius |
| | D) | semispinalis capitis |
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55 | |
The triangular shaped muscle on the back that rotates the shoulder is the _____ |
| | A) | trapezius |
| | B) | rhomboid |
| | C) | deltoid |
| | D) | levator scapulae |
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56 | |
The _____ muscle acts to elevate the shoulders. |
| | A) | rhomboideus |
| | B) | levator scapulae |
| | C) | pectoralis major |
| | D) | deltoid |
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57 | |
Adduction of the scapulae in a posterior view is mainly accomplished by the _____. |
| | A) | trapezius |
| | B) | rhomboideus |
| | C) | serratus anterior |
| | D) | pectoralis minor |
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58 | |
The _____ will move the shoulders on a forward plane. |
| | A) | pectoralis major |
| | B) | pectoralis minor |
| | C) | deltoid |
| | D) | serratus anterior |
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59 | |
An antagonist of the teres major is the _____. |
| | A) | pectoralis major |
| | B) | supraspinatus |
| | C) | infraspinatus |
| | D) | subscapularis |
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60 | |
The _____ is a common intramuscular injection site, which flexes the shoulder or extends the arm. |
| | A) | pectoralis major |
| | B) | deltoid |
| | C) | trapezius |
| | D) | coracobrachialis |
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61 | |
Which triangular thoracic muscle causes the arms to move towards the midline? |
| | A) | subscapularis |
| | B) | teres minor |
| | C) | pectoralis major |
| | D) | latissimus dorsi |
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62 | |
A synergist with the biceps brachii is the _____. |
| | A) | triceps brachii |
| | B) | brachialis |
| | C) | deltoid |
| | D) | supinator |
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63 | |
The pronator teres inserts on the _____. |
| | A) | radius |
| | B) | ulna |
| | C) | humerus |
| | D) | scapula |
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64 | |
The following belong together except which one? |
| | A) | flexor carpi radialis |
| | B) | palmaris longus |
| | C) | flexor digitorum profundus |
| | D) | extensor carpi ulnaris |
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65 | |
Which of the following does not belong with the rest? |
| | A) | external oblique |
| | B) | transversus abdominis |
| | C) | internal oblique |
| | D) | rectus abdominis |
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66 | |
The following can be grouped together except which one? |
| | A) | coccygeus |
| | B) | sphincter urethrae |
| | C) | bulbospongiosus |
| | D) | ischiocavernosus |
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67 | |
The psoas major is the antagonist to the _____. |
| | A) | psoas minor |
| | B) | gluteus maximus |
| | C) | iliacus |
| | D) | pectineus |
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68 | |
The _____ muscle attaches to a long band of tendon which runs down the lateral aspect of the leg. |
| | A) | iliacus |
| | B) | tensor fasciae latae |
| | C) | adductor longus |
| | D) | gracilis |
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69 | |
The _____ muscle causes one to cross the leg by adducting the thigh and flexing the lower leg. |
| | A) | iliopsoas |
| | B) | sartorius |
| | C) | gracilis |
| | D) | adductor magnus |
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70 | |
Which muscle runs from the anterior superior iliac spine to the medial tibial surface near the patella? |
| | A) | vastus medialis |
| | B) | vastus lateralis |
| | C) | semitendinosus |
| | D) | sartorius |
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71 | |
Which of the following does not belong with the others? |
| | A) | semimembranosus |
| | B) | biceps femoris |
| | C) | sartorius |
| | D) | semitendinosus |
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72 | |
Which of these does not belong with the others? |
| | A) | vastus intermedius |
| | B) | rectus femoris |
| | C) | vastus medialis |
| | D) | biceps femoris |
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73 | |
The following cause dorsiflexion of the foot except which one? |
| | A) | extensor digitorum longus |
| | B) | soleus |
| | C) | tibialis anterior |
| | D) | peroneus tertius |
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74 | |
Which of the following is attached to the calcaneus? |
| | A) | gastrocnemius |
| | B) | tibialis posterior |
| | C) | peroneus longus |
| | D) | peroneus tertius |
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75 | |
The _____ is inserted on the base of the first metatarsal. |
| | A) | soleus |
| | B) | tibialis anterior |
| | C) | tibialis posterior |
| | D) | extensor digitorum longus |
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76 | |
Spontaneous contraction of random groups of muscles is called _____. |
| | A) | syncytium |
| | B) | peristalsis |
| | C) | fibrillation |
| | D) | contracture |
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77 | |
A disease which results in muscle weakness because of abnormal neuromuscular junction activity is _____. |
| | A) | poliomyelitis |
| | B) | myasthenia gravis |
| | C) | multiple sclerosis |
| | D) | muscular dystrophy |
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78 | |
Which of the following refers to a prolonged muscular spasm? |
| | A) | myotonia |
| | B) | paresis |
| | C) | myalgia |
| | D) | contracture |
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education