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Ecology, Concepts and Applications, 2/e
Manuel C. Molles, University of New Mexico - Albuquerque
Mutualism

Chapter Objectives


Plants benefit from mutualistic partnerships with a wide variety of bacteria, animals, and fungi.

Reef-building corals depend upon mutualistic relationships with algae and animals.

Theory predicts that mutualism will evolve where the benefits of mutualism exceed the costs.








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