Additional Readings

American Council on Science and Health. 1994. "Alar Five Years Later: Science Triumphs over Fear." K. Smith, Special Report, American Council on Science and Health, New York. An industry group claims that Alar was never a threat to the American public.

Ames, B.N., and Gold, L.S. 2000. "Misconceptions about pollution, pesticides and the prevention of cancer." In: The Standard Handbook of Environmental Science, Health and Technology. J. Lehr, ed. New York: McGraw-Hill

Ames, B.N., et al. 1997. "Environmental Pollution, Pesticides, and the Prevention of Cancer: Misconceptions." FASEB J. 11(13):1041-1052. Argues that natural toxins are a much greater threat to most of us than trace amounts of industrial pollutants.

Anderson, L. 1999. Genetic Engineering, Food and Our Environment. White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green Publishers. A beginner's guide to this controversial topic.

Aspelin, A.L. 1996. Pesticides Industry Sales and Usage: 1994 and 1995 Market Estimates -- Preliminary. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Data on pesticide use in the United States.

Benbrook, Charles M. 1996. Pest Management at the Crossroads. Yonkers, NY: Consumers Union. An excellent overview of integrated pest management.

Benbrook, Charles, "Evidence of the Magnitude and Consequences of the Roundup Ready Soybean Yield Drag from University-Based Varietal Trials in 1998." AgBioTech InfoNet Technical Paper #1, July 13, 1999. Available at http://www.biotech-info.net/RR_yield_drag_98.pdf.

Benbrook, Charles. 2001. "Do GM crops mean less pesticide use?" Pesticide Outlook p 204-207 October 2001. Although fewer herbicide active ingredients are applied on the average acre of Roundup-Ready soybeans relative to the average conventional acre, the total amount of pesticide applied is higher on the genetically-modified varieties than on traditional crops.

Buck, G.M., et al. 1997. "Consumption of contaminated sport fish from Lake Ontario and time-to-pregnancy." American Journal of Epidemiology 146(11):949-954. Connections between dietary toxins and birth defects.

Carson, Rachael. 1962. Silent Spring. Riverside Press. Regarded by many as the wellspring of modern environmentalism.

Cho, C., M-H, Mulchandani, A. & Chen, W. 2002. "Bacterial cell surface display of organophosphorus hydrolase for selective screening of improved hydrolysis of organophophate nerve agents." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, 2026 - 2030, (2002). Genetically-engineered E. coli may be useful in bioremediation of persistent organic pollutants.

Colborn, Theo, et al. 1996. Our Stolen Future: How We Are Threatening Our Fertility, Intelligence, and Survival -- A Scientific Detective Story. New York: Dutton Book. A frightening account of the effects of endocrine hormone-disrupting environmental pollutants.

Quist, David & Igncio H. Chapela "Transgenic DNA introgressed into traditional maize landraces in Oaxaca, Mexico." Nature 414, 541-543 (29 November 2001). DNA from transgenic maize has been discovered in native varieties in the remote mountains of Oaxaca, Mexico where the crop is thought to have originated. This may represent a threat to valuable genetic resources in the area.

Gurunathan, S., et al. 1998. "Accumulation of Chlorpyrifos on Residential Surfaces and Toys Accessible to Children." Environmental Health Perspectives 106(1):9-16. A quantitative examination of major pathways and routes of exposure to pesticides for determining human risk.

Hager, A.G. 1996. "Weed Resistance to Herbicides: Understanding How Resistance Develops in Weeds is the First Line of Defense." Weed Control Manual: Volume 30. Willoughby, Ohio: Meister Publishing Company.

Hansen, Laura C. and John J. Obrycki. "Field Deposition of BT Transgenic Corn Pollen: Lethal Effects on the Monarch Butterfly." Oecologia Vol. 125, No. 2 (2000), pgs. 241-248.

Hardell, Lennart and Mikael Eriksson. "A Case-Control Study of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma and Exposure to Pesticides." Cancer Vol. 85, No. 6 (March 15, 1999), pgs. 1353-1360.

Hellmich, R. L. 2001. et al. "Monarch larvae sensitivity to Bacillus thuringiensis purified proteins and pollen." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 98(21): 11925-11930.

Hilbeck, A et al. "Effects of Transgenic BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS corn-fed prey on Mortality and Development Time of Immature CHYSOPERLA CARNEA (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)." ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 27, No. 2 (April 1998), pgs. 480-487.

Hollingsworth, Robert G., John W. Armstrong & Earl Campbell 2002. "At high concentrations this stimulant becomes a lethal neurotoxin to garden pests." Nature 417, 915-916 (2002). Caffeine is an effective repellent for snails and slugs.

Hopper, K., et al. 1997. "Analysis of Breast Milk to Assess Exposure to Chlorinated Contaminants in Kazakhstan." Environmental Health Perspectives 105(11):1250-1254.

Iudicello, S. et al. 1999. Fish, Markets, and Fishermen: The Economics of Overfishing. Covelo, CA: Island Press. Why are world fisheries collapsing and what can be done about it?

Jensen, S., et al. 1997. "Environmental Pollution and Child Health in the Aral Sea Region in Kazakhstan." Sci Total Environment 206(2-3):187-193. Inadequate nutrition, poor sanitation, collapse of the health care system and pollution from Soviet agriculture and industries have caused a catastrophic decline in human health.

Kratz, Vikky. 2001. "The Hidden Life of a Biogineered Meal." Sierra 103(1): 24-25. A brief but useful summary of what's in our food.

Krimsky, Sheldon and Roger Wrubel. 1996. Agricultural Biotechnology and the Environment. Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press. A comprehensive and thoughtful analysis of both the promise and the hazards of biotechnology as it is being applied in agriculture.

Lappe, Marc and Britt Bailey. 1998. Against the Grain : Biotechnology and the Corporate Takeover of Your Food. Covelo, CA: Island Press. A hard-hitting critique of biotechnology and genetically modified food crops.

Lewis, W.J., et al. 1997. "A total system approach to sustainable pest management." Procedures of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 94(23):12243-12248. A fundamental shift to a total system approach for crop protection is urged to resolve escalating economic and environmental consequences of combating agricultural pests.

Lifton, Bernice. 1991. Bug Busters/Poison Free Pest Controls for Your House and Garden. Avery Penguin Putnam. A practical guide to pesticide alternatives.

Longnecker, M. P., Klebanoff, M. A., Zhou, H. & Brock, J. W. 2001. "Association between maternal serum concentration of the DDT metabolite DDE and preterm, and small-for-gestational-age babies at birth." Lancet 358:110-114, (2001).

Losey, J. E., Rayor, L. S. & Carter, M. E. 1999. "Transgenic pollen harms monarch larvae." Nature 399, 214, (1999).

McGinn, Anne P. 2000. "POPs Culture." World Watch 13(2): 26-36. Discusses the threats from persistent organic pollutants.

Mitchell, Jennifer D. 1997. "Chemical Explosion." World Watch Journal 10(2): 26. The release of new synthetic chemicals are out of control, and so are their apparent effects on alligators, frogs, and children.

National Research Council. 1996. Ecologically Based Pest Management: New Solutions for a New Century. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. A good survey of biocontrol.

Nendza, M., et al. 1997. "Potential for Secondary Poisoning and Biomagnification in Marine Organisms." Chemosphere 35(9):1875-1885. Discusses how food webs accumulate and magnify toxins.

Oberhauser, K. S. et al. 2001. "Temporal and spatial overlap between monarch larvae and corn pollen." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 98(21): 11913-11918, 2001 Oct 9.

Olkowski, William, et al. 1991. Common-Sense Pest Control. Taunton Press. A practical guide to pesticide alternatives.

Osburn, Susan. 2000. Research Report: Do Pesticides Cause Lymphoma? Available by U.S. mail from Lymphoma Foundation of America, P.O. Box 15335, Chevy Chase, MD 20825. Tel. (202) 223-6181. ISBN 0-9705127-0-8. Available at: http://www.lymphomahelp.org/docs/- research/researchreport/rr_2000.pdf.

Pimentel, D. 1995. "Protecting Crops." pp. 49-66 in The Literature of Crop Science, W.C. Olsen, ed. Ithica, NY and London: Cornell University Press. A good survey of agricultural pesticide use in world agriculture.

Pleasants, J. M. et al. "Corn pollen distribution on milkweeds in and near cornfields." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 98(21): 11919-11924.

Ritter, L. 1997. "Report of a Panel on the Relationship between Public Exposure to Pesticides and Cancer." Cancer 80(10):2019-2033. Ad Hoc Panel on Pesticides and Cancer. National Cancer Institute of Canada. A Canadian view of cancer risks of pesticides.

Rivlin, Michael A. 2001. "Northern Exposure." OnEarth 23(3): 14-20. Persistent organic pollutants are accumulating in people and wildlife of the far north.

Roubik, D. W. 2002. "The value of bees to the coffee harvest." Nature 417, 708, (2002). Coffee plants can self-pollinate but those pollinated by bees yield 50% more beans. This finding may change the use of pesticides in coffee plantations.

Russell, Edmund. 2001. War and Nature : Fighting Humans and Insects With Chemicals from World War I to Silent Spring (Studies in Environment and History). Cambridge Univ. Press. A history of our battle with insects.

Saxena, Deepak, et al. "Insecticidal Toxin in Root Exudates from BT Corn." Nature Vol. 402, No. 6761 (December 2, 1999), pg. 480. Genetically modified corn plants can contaminate soil.

Sears, M. K. et al. 2001. "Impact of Bt corn pollen on monarch butterfly populations: A risk assessment." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 98(21): 11937-11942.

Schultz, Warren (ed). 1995. Natural Insect Control (21st Century Gardening Series, Handbook #139). Brooklyn Botanic Garden. A practical guide to pesticide alternatives.

Stanley-Horn, D. E.2001. "Assessing the impact of Cry1Ab-expressing corn pollen on monarch butterfly larvae in field studies." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 98(21): 11931-11936.

Thornton. Joe. 2000. Pandora's Poison: Chlorine, Health, and a New Environmental Strategy. MIT Press. Arguments for banning persistent organic pollutants.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. "Biopesticide Fact Sheet: BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS Cry1Ab Delta-Endotoxin and the Genetic Material Necessary for Its Production (Plasmid Vector pCIB4431) in Corn [Event 176]" April 2000. EPA Publication No. 730-F-00-003. Available at http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/biopesticides/factsheets/fs006458t.htm.

Vorley, Bill and Dennis Keeney, eds. 1998. Bugs in the System; Reinventing the Pesticide Industry for Sustainable Agriculture. Covelo, CA: Island Press. The realities of pesticide production and use, the leverage points for change, and potential consequences of sustainability.

Wang, A.A., M-H, Mulchandani, A. & Chen, W. 2002. "Specific adhesion to cellulose and hydrolysis of organophosphate nerve agents by a genetically engineered Esceherichia coli strain with a surface-expressed cellulose-binding domain and organophosphorus hydrolase." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, 1684 - 1689, (2002).

Wargo, John. 1996. Our Children's Toxic Legacy: How Science Failed to Protect Us from Pesticides. Covelo, CA: Island Press. The history of pesticide law and science with a focus on the special hazards faced by children.

World Bank. 1996. Integrated Pest Management: Strategy and Policy Options for Promoting Effective Implementation. Environmentally Sustainable Development. Suggestions for promoting IPM.

Zangerl, A.R. et al. 2001. "Effects of exposure to event 176 Bacillus thuringiensis corn pollen on monarch and black swallowtail caterpillars under field conditions." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 98(21): 11908-11912.