Additional Readings

Backes, David (ed). 2001. The Meaning of Wilderness: Essential Articles and Speeches by Sigurd F. Olson. Univ. of Minnesota Press. Examines the evolution of the wilderness ethic in a wilderness philosopher.

Backes, David. 1999. A Wilderness Within: The Life of Sigurd F. Olson. Univ. of Minnesota Press. A surprising look at the life of one of the giants of the conservation movement.

Barrett, C. B. and R. Grizzle. 1999. "A Holistic Approach to Sustainability Based on Pluralism Stewardship," Environmental Ethics 21(1): 23-42. A pluralistic approach to environmental ethics.

Bergman, B.J. 1998. "Wild at Heart." Sierra 83(1): 24-29. Down the Colorado River with "moderate extremist" Dave Foreman, co-founder of Earth First!.

Berkes, Fikret. 1999. Sacred Ecology: Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Resource Management. Philadelphia: Taylor & Francis. An interesting study of indigenous ecological knowledge.

Berry, Wendell. 2000. Life is a Miracle: An Essay against Modern Superstition. Counterpoint Press. A rebuttal to E. O. Wilson's Consilience published in 1998, which argued that all things are knowable, that progress is inexorable, and science can answer everything.

Berry, Wendell. 1995. "The Obligation of Care." Sierra 80(5): 62-67. Taking responsibility for the planet and ourselves.

Boff, Leonardo, and Phillip Berryman. 1997. Cry of the Earth, Cry of the Poor. Orbis Books. A combination of liberation ecology and environmental justice.

Botzler, Richard G. and Susan J. Armstrong (eds). 1997. Environmental Ethics: Divergence and Convergence. McGraw-Hill Co. An anthology of writings on the topic.

Bright, Chris. 1999. "The Nemesis Effect." Worldwatch. May/June 1999. Warns of rapid, unexpected decline in the world's ecosystems as a result of overlapping stresses.

Callicott, J. Baird. 1991. Companion to a Sand County Almanac: Interpretive and Critical Essays. Univ. of Wisconsin Press. A leading environmental philosopher and ethicist discusses Leopold's land ethic.

Callicott, J. Baird. 1999. Beyond the Land Ethic: More Essays in Environmental Philosophy. State Univ. of New York Press. Advances an ethic based on Aldo Leopold's thought.

Callicott. J. Baird. 1997. Earth's Insights: A Survey of Ecological Ethics from the Mediterranean Basin to the Australian Outback. University of California Press. A fascinating survey of attitudes toward nature in a wide variety of cultures.

Cafaro, Philip. 2001. "Thoreau, Leopold, and Carson: Toward an Environmental Virtue Ethics." Environmental Ethics 23(1): 3-17. A humanist approach to environmental ethics.

Chapman, A. R. et al. 1999. Consumption, Population, and Sustainability. Covelo, CA: Island Press. Perspectives from science and religion on environmental problems.

Cheney, J. and A. Weston. 1999. "Environmental Ethics as Environmental Etiquette." Environmental Ethics 21(2): 115-134. An examination of ethics and epistemology.

Cobb, John B., Jr. 1995. Is It Too Late? A Theology of Ecology. Denton, TX: Environmental Ethics Books. A leading philosopher and theologian reflects on environmental ethics and the human condition.

Cronon, William, ed. 1996. Uncommon Ground: Rethinking the Human Place in Nature. New York: W.W. Norton. An important but controversial collection of essays on post-modernism and the social creation of nature.

Daly, Herman E. and John B., Jr. Cobb 1994. For the Common Good: Redirecting the Economy Toward Community, the Environment, and a Sustainable Future 2^nd ed. A classic in ecological economics and environmental ethics.

Daly, Herman E. and Kenneth N. Townsend, eds. 1993. Valuing the Earth: Economics, Ecology, Ethics. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. An older, but still important, consideration of these topics.

Des Jardins, Joseph R. 1996. Environmental Ethics: An Introduction to Environmental Philosophy. Wadsworth Pub. A brief introduction to the subject.

Devall, Bill and George Sessions. 1986. Deep Ecology. Gibbs Smith Pub. An anthology of readings in deep ecology.

Ehrlich, Paul R. and Anne H. Ehrlich. 1996. Betrayal of Science and Reason: How Anti-Environmental Rhetoric Threatens Our Future. Covelo, CA: Island Press. A hard-hitting analysis of the use and misuse of science in environmental policy-making.

Evernden, Neil and Lorne Leslie. 1992. The Social Creation of Nature. Johns Hopkins Univ. Press. A postmodern view of nature.

Freyfogle, E. T. 1999. Bounded People, Boundless Lands. New York: Shearwater Books. An exploration of environmental ethics and personal responsibility.

Glacken, Clarence J. 1990. Traces on the Rhodian Shore: Nature and Culture in Western Thought from Ancient Times to the End of the Eighteenth Century. Univ. of California Press. A masterpiece in environmental history and philosophy.

Goldsmith, Edward. 1998. The Way: An Ecological World-View. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press. A radical critique of the modernist worldview from the editor of The Ecologist.

Gosling, David. 2001. Religion and Ecology in India and South East Asia. Routledge Press. An examination of nature in Hindu and Buddhist traditions.

Grande, S. M. A. 1999. "Beyond the Ecologically Noble Savage: Deconstructing the White Man's India." Environmental Ethics 21(3): 307-320. Stereotyping indigenous people as ecologically noble savages hinders our understanding of both humans and our environmental history.

Gruen, Lori and Dale Jamieson (eds). 1994. Reflecting on Nature: Readings in Environmental Philosophy. Oxford Univ. Press. An anthology of articles on environmental ethics.

Hanna, Susan S. et al. 1996. Rights to Nature. Covelo, CA: Island Press. A rights-based view of human use and control of nature.

Hargrove, Eugene C. 1989. Foundations of environmental ethics. Environmental Ethics Books. A brief introduction to the topic.

Hayden, Tom. 1997. The Lost Gospel of The Earth. San Francisco, CA: Sierra Club. A call by California state senator and former SDS leader for an eco-spiritual awakening.

Hettinger, N. and B. Throop. 1999. "Refocusing Ecocentrism: De-emphasizing Stability and Defending Wildness." Environmental Ethics 21(1): 3-21. A new understanding of ecology leads to a re-examination of the goals of ecocentrism.

Houle, K.L.F. 1997. "Spinoza and Ecology Revisited." Environmental Ethics 19(4): An examination of the philosophy and of the philosophical forefather of Deep Ecology.

Jamieson, Dale. 1999. Singer and His Critics. Blackwell Pub. A critique of Peter Singer, one of the most controversial animal rights philosophers.

Katz, Eric. 1996. Nature as Subject: Human Obligation and Natural Community. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. An exploration of nature-centered philosophy.

Kellert, Stephen R. 1997. Kinship to Mastery: Biophilia in Human Evolution and Development. Covelo, CA: Island Press. An examination of human attitudes towards nature by a leading expert in the field. See also his excellent 1996 discussion of attitudes towards nature in The Value of Life, also from Island Press.

Kellert, Stephen R. and Timothy J. Farnham. 2002. The Good in Nature and Humanity: Connecting Science, Religion and Spirituality with the Natural World. Island Press. Twenty leading thinkers explore our relationship with the natural world.

Kidner, David W. 2000. "Fabricating Nature: A Critique of the Social Construction of Nature." Environmental Ethics 22(4): 339-358. Argues against defining nature as a "social construction."

King, Roger J. H. 2000. "Environmental Ethics and the Built Environment." Environmental Ethics 22(2): 115-131. Argues that the human, or built, environment is equally important as wild nature in environmental ethics.

LaDuke, W. 2000. "Reclaiming Our Native Earth." Earth Island Journal 15(1): 34-37. A leader in the native land reclamation movement argues that loss of cultural diversity and biodiversity go hand in hand.

LaDuke, Winona. 1999. All Our Relations: Native Struggles for Land and Life. Cambridge, MA: South End Press. A collection of stories about environmental injustice towards native people in America.

Light, Andrew and Jonathan M. Smith. 996. Philosophy and Geography I: Space, Place, and Environmental Ethics. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. A collection of essays on geoethics.

Little, Jane Braxton. 2001. "God and Greens: The Environmental Movement in America's Churches." Forest Magazine March/April 2001: 14-19. Religious leaders apply new meaning to a biblical mandate to tend the garden.

Low, Nicholas and Brenda Gleeson. 1998. Justice, Society and Nature: an exploration of political ecology. London: Routledge. A good overview of ecological justice.

Maser, Chris. 1995. Resolving Environmental Conflict: Towards Sustainable Community Development. Delray Beach, FL: St. Lucie Press. A guidebook to conflict resolution and facilitated community decision-making.

McKibben, Bill. 1997. Hope, Human and Wild: True Stories of Living Lightly on the Earth. Ruminator Books. The author of The End of Nature offers hope for a balance between humans and nature.

McNeill, John Robert. 2001. Something New Under the Sun: An Environmental History of the Twentieth-Century World. W. W. Norton Co. A grim view of environmental degradation around the world.

Milton, Kay. 2002. Loving Nature: Towards an Ecology of Emotion. Routledge Press. An exploration of the role of emotion in environmental protection.

Morrison, Michael L. 2002. Wildlife Restoration: Techniques for Habitat Analysis and Animal Monitoring. Island Press. Links restoration ecology and wildlife management.

Naess, Arne and David Rothenberg. 1990. Ecology, Community and Lifestyle : Outline of an Ecosophy. Cambridge Univ. Press. The original source of Deep Ecology.

Nash, Roderick F. 1990. The Rights of Nature: A History of Environmental Ethics. A history of environmental ethics in America.

Nicholsen, Shierry Weber. 2001. The Love of Nature and the End of the World: The Unspoken Dimensions of Environmental Concern. MIT Press. Argues for recognition of the emotional aspects of our experience of the natural world.

Oelschlaeger, Max. 1993. The Idea of Wilderness: From Prehistory to the Age of Ecology. Yale Univ. Press. A comprehensive survey of wilderness philosophy in America.

Petersen, David. 2000. Heartsblood: Hunting, Spirituality, and Wildness in America. Covelo, CA: Island Press. An exploration on the evolutionary, philosophical, and religious history of hunting.

Peterson, Anna. 2001. Being Human: Ethics, Environment, and Our Place in the World. Univ. California Press. Examines conceptions of human and nonhuman nature.

Ponting, Clive. 1993. A Green History of the World: The Environment and the Collapse of Great Civilizations. Penguin Books. A reissue of a classic.

Preston, Christopher J. 2000. "Conversing with Nature in a Postmodern Epistemological Framework." Environmental Ethics 22(3): 227-240. Critiques epistemological frameworks that lack an animistic account of nature.

Plumwood, Val. 2002. Environmental Culture: The Ecological Crisis of Reason. Routledge Press. An Australian environmental ethicist argues for a new role of nature in our culture.

Rampton, Sheldon and John Stauber. 2000. Trust Us, We're Experts: How Industry Manipulates Science and Gambles With Your Future. J. P. Tarcher Press. The authors of Toxic Sludge is Good for You continue their exploration of how corporate spin-doctors, outrage managers, and risk communicators manipulate public opinion.

Regan, Tom. 2001. Defending Animal Rights. Univ. of Illinois Press. Along with Peter Singer, Regan was a pioneer of animal rights in America. This volume is of shorter pieces reflects Regan's thinking over the past decade

Rockefeller, Steven C. 1992. "Faith and Community in an Ecological Age," from Rockefeller and Elder, eds, Spirit and Nature (1992). An anthology of articles on environmental ethics from many different perspectives.

Roszak, Theodore, Mary E. Gomes, and Allen D. Kanner, eds. 1995. Ecopsychology: Restoring the Earth, Healing the Mind. San Francisco: Sierra Club. How are our relations with nature connected to mental health?

Rowe, J. Stan. 1997. "From Reductionism to Holism in Ecology and Deep Ecology." The Ecologist 27(4): 147-151. Deep Ecology may not be as holistic as its proponents claim.

Sachs, Wolfgang, et.al, The Jo'Burg Memo: Fairness in a Fragile World: Memorandum for the World Summit on Sustainable Development. Henrich Boll Foundation, (2002) (available at www.joburgmemo.org or at www.resurgence.org).

Sarewitz, Daniel, et.al, 2000. Prediction: Science, Decision Making, and the Future of Nature. Covelo, CA: Island Press. A fascinating combination of science, politics, and social factors in decision-making.

Sayre, Roger, et.al, 1999. Nature in Focus: Rapid Ecological Assessment. Island Press. A guide to the theory and practice of rapid ecological assessment.

Schwartz, Eilon. 1997. "Bal Taschit: A Jewish Environmental Precept." Environmental Ethics. 19(4). A survey of Jewish traditions for respect of nature.

Sessions, George (ed). 1994. Deep Ecology for the Twenty-First Century. A definitive collection of writings on the philosophy of Deep Ecology.

Shapiro, Judith. 2001. "China on the losing side: Mao's War Against Nature: Politics and the Environment in Revolutionary China." Nature: 19 July 2001 Volume 412 No. 6844 pp. 255 - 360.

Sharpe, Virginia, Bryan Norton, and Strachan Donnelley. 2000. Wolves and Human Communities: Biology, Politics, and Ethics. Explores attitudes towards wolves and their restoration in several key case studies.

Shepard, F. R. (ed). 1999. Encounters with Nature: Essays by Paul Shepard. New York: Shearwater Books. A collection of essays on landscapes, humans, and nature.

Shrader-Frechette, Kristin and Laura Westra, eds. 1997. Technology and Values. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. A useful collection of essays on science, technology, public health, economics, and environmental ethics.

Singer, Peter. 2001. Writings on an Ethical Life. Ecco Press. A collection of his thoughts on ethics.

Singer, Peter 1996. Rethinking Life & Death: The Collapse of Our Traditional Ethics. St. Martin's Press. Proposes radically new ethics to protect the quality, not the sanctity of human life.

Singer, Peter. 1995. How Are We to Live?: Ethics in an Age of Self-Interest. Prometheus Books. A typically challenging position by an outspoken author.

Smith, Mick. 1997. "Against the Enclosure of the Ethical Commons: Radical Environmentalism as an 'Ethics of Place.'" Environmental Ethics 19(4): 21-34. An interesting combination of ethics and social history that argues for a sense of place as the basis for environmental ethics.

Soule, Michale E. and Gary Lease (eds), 1995. Reinventing Nature?: Responses to Postmodern Deconstruction. Island Press. A critical rejoinder to Wm. Cronon's Uncommon Ground.

Sullivan, Robert. 2000. A Whale Hunt: 2 Years on the Olympic Peninsula With the Makah and Their Canoe. Scribner. A sympathetic recount of the only whale hunt allowed in the lower 48 states.

Suzuki, David T. and Amanda McConnell. 1999. The Sacred Balance: Rediscovering Our Place in Nature. Greystone Books. Suzuki gives concrete suggestions about how we can create a way of life that is ecologically sustainable, fulfilling, and just.

Taylor, Paul W. 1986. Respect for Nature. Princeton Univ. Press. A thoughtful and perceptive approach to environmental ethics.

Warren, Karen J. 1999. "Environmental Justice: Some Ecofeminist Worries about a Distributive Model." Environmental Ethics 21(2): 151-162. Argues for an inclusive model of justice based on values such as care, respect, and appropriate reciprocity.

Westra, L. 1996. "Environmental Integrity, Racism, and Health." Science Total Environment 184(1-2): 57-66. An interrogation of the relation between ecosystem integrity and human health.

Westra, Laura. 1998. Living in Integrity. Rowman & Littlefield Pub. An innovative look at environmental ethics and the need for ecological and biological integrity

Wheater, Phil and Penny Cook. 2000. Using Statistics to Understand the Environment. Routledge Press. An introduction to statistical methods for environmental students.

Worster, Donald. 1989. The Ends of the Earth: Perspectives on Modern Environmental History. Cambridge Univ. Press.

Worster, Donald. 1994. Nature's Economy: A History of Ecological Ideas. Cambridge Univ. Press. A highly influential survey of environmental philosophy.

Zimmerman, M. 1995. Science, Non-science, and Nonsense: Approaching Environmental Literacy. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. How does science differ from non-science?

Zimmerman, Michael E. 1997. Contesting Earth's Future: Radical Ecology and Postmodernity Univ. of California Press. Examines the underlying philosophy of radical environmental groups like Earth First!

Zimmerman, Michael E. 1997. Contesting Earth's Future: Radical Ecology and Postmodernity. San Francisco: University of California Press. A good review of the conflict between ecologists and post-modernists about the values and meanings of nature.

Zimmerman, Michael E., J. Baird Callicott, John Clark, George Sessions, and Karen Warren (eds). 2000. Environmental Philosophy: From Animal Rights to Radical Ecology 3^rd ed. An excellent introduction to a wide range of views on environmental ethics and philosophy.