Additional Readings

Allen-Gil, S.M., et al. 1997. "Organochlorine Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in Sediments and Biota from Four US Arctic Lakes." Arch Environ Contem Toxico 33(4): 378-387.

Balducci, C., et al. 2001. "Macrofauna impact on Ulva rigida C. Ag. Production and relationship with environmental variables in the lagoon of Venice." Marine Environmental Research 52(1): 27-49. Fertilizer runoff from surrounding farmlands has produced severe eutrophication in the shallow lagoon of Venice.

Berry, J. P. et al. 2002. "Are Pfiesteria species toxicogenic? Evidence against production of icthyotoxins by Pfiesteria shumwaya.e". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, published online, doi10.1073/pnas.172221699 (2002). Evidence suggests that lethal algae nibble fish to death rather than poison them.

Bowie, P. 2000. "No Act of God." The Amicus Journal 21(4): 16-21 A graphic description of the effects of Hurricane Floyd in North Carolina.

Brivio, P.A., C. Giardino, and E. Zilioli. 2001. "Validation of satellite data for quality assurance in lake monitoring applications." The Science of the Total Environment 268(1): 3-18. Lead article in a special issue on assessing water quality by remote sensing.

Burkholder, JoAnn M. 1999. "The Lurking Perils of Pfiesteria." Scientific American 281 (2): 42-49. A frightening account of how this single-celled aquatic organism kills fish and harms people.

Campbell, Andrew T.& Peter Wallis. 2002. "The effect of UV irradiation on human-derived Giardia lamblia cysts." Water Research 36(4): 963-969. UV can inactivate up to 99% of the Giardia cysts in water.

Chakravarty, S., et al. 2001. "Removal of arsenic from groundwater using low cost ferruginous manganese ore." Water Research 36(3): 625-632. Arsenic in groundwater is a very serious problem in Bengal. A low cost solution is suggested for removing this pollutant.

Chen, D., L.K. Weavers & H.W. Walker. 2002. "Using ultrasound to reduce ceramic membrane fouling by silica particles." Presented at the 2002 National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Orlando, USA. (2002). High-energy bubbles scour municipal water filters.

Cho, B.H., et al. 1997. "Laboratory-scale Bioremediation of Oil-contaminated soil of Kuwait with Soil Amendment Materials." Chemosphere 35(7): 1599-1611. An example of how bioremediation can help clean up pollutants.

Clarke, E. & A.H. Baldwin. 2002. "Responses of wetland plants to ammonia and water level." Ecololgical Engineering 18(3): 257 - 264. Some ammonia is a fertilizer; too much is poison.

Dobb, Edwin. 2000. "New life in a death trap." Discover December 2000: 86-93. Bioremediation may offer a way to remove toxic metals from the deadly Berkeley Pit in Butte, Montana.

Fairlee, J.R., et al 1997. "Biodegradation of Groundwater Pollutants by a Combined Culture of Mycobacterium vaccae and a Rhodococcus sp." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 43(9): 841-846. In vitro bioremediation by microbes.

Forster, D. L. 2000. "Public policies and private decisions: Their impacts on Lake Erie water quality and farm economy." Journal of Soil and Water Conservation Third Quarter 309: 322-326. Conservation tillage can reduce erosion and improve water quality.

Gardner, Gary. 1998 "Human Waste: Pollutant or Resource?" World Watch Journal 11(1): 28-33. It's too valuable to throw away, too toxic to throw around. What to do?

Gibbs, W. W. 1999. "Not Cleaning Up." Scientific American 280(2): 39-40. High-pressure steam injection can remove pollutants from underground aquifers faster than conventional methods.

Grant, S. B., et al. "Generation of Enterococci bacteria in a coastal saltwater marsh and its impact on surf zone water quality." Environmental Science and Technology 35: 2407 - 2416 (2001). Artificial wetlands could dirty water rather than clean it.

Gräslund, Sara and Bengt-Erik Bengtsson. 2001. "Chemicals and biological products used in south-east Asian shrimp farming, and their potential impact on the environment a review." The Science of the Total Environment 280(1-3): 93-131. A wide variety of chemicals and biological products are used to treat the water and sediment of ponds in south-east Asian shrimp farming. These chemicals pose a serious risk to surface and ground water and need better regulation and management.

Harvell, C. D., et al. 1999. "Emerging Marine Diseases-Climate Links and Anthropogenic Factors." Science (US) 285: 1505-1510. September 3, 1999. Pollution and global warming are causing new examples of marine diseases.

Havens, K.J., L.M. Varnell, & B.D. Watts. 2002. "Maturation of a constructed tidal marsh relative to two natural reference tidal marshes over 12 years." Ecololgical Engineering 18(3): 305-315. Can engineered marshes replace the real thing?

Helle, I.D., et al. 1998. "Long-Term Growth Enhancement of Baldcypress (Taxodium distichum) from Municipal Wastewater Application." Environmental Management 22(1):119-127. Trees can effectively remove aquatic pollutants.

Hobbie, J. 2000. Estuarine Science. Covelo, CA: Island Press. An overview of the importance of and threats to estuaries.

Jokela, J.P.Y., et al. 2002. "Biological nitrogen removal from municipal landfill leachate: low-cost nitrification in biofilters and laboratory scale in-situ denitrification." Water Research 36 (16): 4079-4087. Biofilters can be effective ways to remove pollutants.

Jordan, L. A., et al. 2001. "Foliar damage to ornamental trees sprinkler-irrigated with reuse water." Irrigation Science, (advanced online publication) DOI: 10.1007/s00271-001-0050-y (2001). Recycled waste water may contain salt concentrations that damage sensitive plant species.

Kamat, P. V., R.Huehn & R. Nicolaescu. 2002. "A 'sense and shoot' approach for photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminants in water." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 106: 788 - 794 (2002). A new method for decontaminating water is photocatalytic oxidation: the burning-up of organic molecules in air, stimulated by a light-sensitive catalyst.

Kennish, Michael J. 1999. Estuary Restoration and Maintenance: The National Estuary Program. CRC Press. Looks at estuary values, marine pollution, and restoration efforts.

Kolpin, D.W., et al. 1996. "Occurrence of Selected Pesticides and Their Metabolites in Near-Surface Aquifers of the Midwestern United States." Environmental Science and Technology 30(1): 335-340. A survey of groundwater pollution in the corn and soybean belt.

Lettmann, C., H. Hinrichs, & W. Maier. "Combinatorial discovery of new photocatalysts for water purification with visible light." Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 40, 3160 - 3164 (2001). Metal compounds absorb sunlight and break down water pollutants.

Lewis, Ricki. 2001. "PCB Dilemma: Government, industry, and public debate dredging vs. bioremediation in the Hudson River." The Scientist 15([6):1, Mar. 19, 2001. An interesting debate about natural bioremediation, dredging, and risk assessment.

Melville, W. K. & P. Matusov. 2002. "Distribution of breaking waves at the ocean surface." Nature 417: 58- 63 (2002). As ocean waves break, they trap air pollutants and carry them into the water, where they remain.

Montague, Peter. 1998. "Drugs in the Water." Rachael's Environment & Health Weekly #614. A sobering revelation of how pharmaceutical drugs given to people and domestic animals end up in rivers and lakes, contributing to the spread of drug-resistant micro-organisms.

Neumann, Michael, et al. 2002. "The significance of entry routes as point and non-point sources of pesticides in small streams." Water Research 36(4): 835-842. Compares sewage outfall and farmyard runoff in Germany.

Ofiara, Douglas D. and Joseph J. Seneca. 2001. Economic Losses from Marine Pollution. Covelo, CA: Island Press. A handbook for assessing losses from pollution.

Patterson, K. L., et al. "The etiology of white pox, a lethal disease of the Caribbean elkhorn coral, Acropora palmata."Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, (2002). Human gut bacteria have been found associated with white pox disease, which has killed up to 90% of all the elkhorn coral in the Caribbean.

Peles, J.D., et al. 1996. "Metal Uptake by Agricultural Plant Species Grown in Sludge-Amended Soil Following Ecosystem Restoration Practices." Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 57(6): 917-923. Bioremediation can be economical and effective.

Perry, James A. and Elizabeth Vanderklein. 1996. Water Quality: Management of a Natural Resource. Covelo, CA: Island Press. An excellent introduction to international water quality issues.

Rainbow, P. S. and G. Blackmore. 2001. "Barnacles as biomonitors of trace metal availabilities in Hong Kong coastal waters: changes in space and time." Marine Environmental Research 51(5): 441-463. Shellfish, which filter water for nutrients, can be useful bioindicators of environmental quality.

Raloff, Janet. 1998. "Drugged waters." Science News 153: 187-189. Sewage effluents release dangerously high levels of pharmaceuticals into our surface waaters.

Raloff, Janet. 2001. "Macho waters." Science News 159: 8-10. Some river pollution results in endocrine hormone-disrupting steroid compounds.

Rivlin, Michael. 1998. "Muddy Waters." The Amicus Journal 19(4): 30-37. What should we do about water pollution?

Sampat, Payal. 2000. "Groundwater Shock: The Polluting of the World's Major Freshwater Stores." Worldwatch Magazine 13(1): 14-25, January/February, 2000.

Santschi, P. H., et al. 2001. "Historical contamination of PAHs, PCBs, DDTs, and heavy metals in Mississippi River Delta, Galveston Bay and Tampa Bay sediment cores." Marine Environmental Research 52(1): 51-79. Analysis of contaminant accumulation in marine sediments reveal how changing land use patterns affect runoff and coastal pollution.

Schneider, Paul. 1997. "Clear Progress." Audubon 99(5): 36. The successes of the Clean Water Act are unmistakable, but there is more to be done.

Smith, Allan H., et al. 2000. "Contamination of drinking-water by arsenic in Bangladesh: a public health emergency." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2000: 78(9): 1093-1103. Estimates that between 35 and 77 million people are at risk of arsenic poisoning in Bangladesh.

Steinfeld, Carol. 1997. "Phytoremediation." in Environmental Encyclopedia 2nd ed. William P. Cunningham, et al. eds. Detroit, MI: Gale Research.

Swannell, R.P., et al. 1996. "Field Evaluations of Marine Oil Spill Bioremediation." Microbiology Review 60(2): 342-365.

Tamburri, M. N., et al. 2002. "Ballast water deoxygenation can prevent aquatic introductions while reducing ship corrosion." Biological Conservation 103: 331-341 (2002). Bubbling nitrogen gas through bilge water can reduce corrosion and also stop the spread of alien organisms in ship ballast water.

Tollefsen, K.E. 2002. "Interaction of estrogen mimics, singly and in combination, with plasma sex steroid-binding proteins in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)." Aquatic Toxicology 56(3): 215-225.

Vogelbein, W. K. et al. 2002. "Pfiesteria shumwayae kills fish by micropredation not exotoxin secretion." Nature 418: 967-970 (2002). Evidence suggests that lethal algae nibble fish to death rather than poison them.

Williams, Ted. 1999. "Lessons from Lake Apopka." Audubon 101(4): 64-73. A sad story of how flooding of pesticide-contaminated farmlands killed thousands of wading birds in a Florida wildlife refuge.

Zhao, X., et al. 2002. "Elimination of cadmium trace contaminations from drinking water." Water Research 36(4): 851-858. Cadmium is one of the most serious contaminants in the Chinese water supply. It can be removed by absorption on anion exchangers.