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1 | |
The smallest particle exhibiting the characteristics of an element is a/an |
| | A) | atom. |
| | B) | molecule. |
| | C) | isotope. |
| | D) | ion. |
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2 | |
Atoms that have become either positively or negatively charged are called |
| | A) | atoms. |
| | B) | molecules. |
| | C) | isotopes. |
| | D) | ions. |
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3 | |
Atoms of the same element but with different atomic mass are called |
| | A) | radioactive. |
| | B) | molecules. |
| | C) | isotopes. |
| | D) | ions. |
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4 | |
Chemical bonds are |
| | A) | forces that hold atoms together. |
| | B) | an important form of potential energy. |
| | C) | very important to biological processes. |
| | D) | all of the above. |
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5 | |
Organic compounds are those substances |
| | A) | found only in living organisms. |
| | B) | containing carbon. |
| | C) | composed of atoms of a single element. |
| | D) | exhibiting radioactive decay. |
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6 | |
Acids are defined as substances |
| | A) | composed of two or more atoms bound together. |
| | B) | that release hydrogen ions. |
| | C) | that react with other substances. |
| | D) | are more than one of the above. |
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7 | |
Characteristics of water with significant implications for life include |
| | A) | the cohesive tendencies of its molecules. |
| | B) | the large amount of heat needed to convert it from liquid to gas. |
| | C) | the large amount of heat required to increase its temperature. |
| | D) | all of the above. |
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8 | |
Energy is defined as |
| | A) | sugar, gasoline, and other such substances. |
| | B) | any chemical substance that can be broken down. |
| | C) | heat. |
| | D) | the capability of doing work. |
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9 | |
The conservation of matter principle is that matter |
| | A) | is composed of atoms and molecules. |
| | B) | cannot be created, destroyed, nor changed in form. |
| | C) | must be used carefully or earth will eventually run out. |
| | D) | can neither be created nor destroyed. |
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10 | |
The first law of thermodynamics states that |
| | A) | matter and energy can readily be transformed into one another. |
| | B) | energy can neither be created nor destroyed under normal conditions. |
| | C) | energy cannot be shifted from one form to another. |
| | D) | matter cannot be shifted from one form to another. |
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11 | |
The second law of thermodynamics states that |
| | A) | whenever energy is used, some becomes converted to a form difficult to use to do work. |
| | B) | energy cannot be shifted from one form to another. |
| | C) | life forms cannot survive without energy. |
| | D) | energy exists in both potential and kinetic form. |
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12 | |
The central accomplishments of photosynthesis include |
| | A) | converting solar energy into chemical bond energy. |
| | B) | providing the energy base for almost all life forms. |
| | C) | producing sugar from simple molecules. |
| | D) | all of the above. |
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13 | |
Cellular respiration is the process by which organisms |
| | A) | release energy from sugar for metabolic use. |
| | B) | create complex organic molecules from simple molecules. |
| | C) | convert heat to chemical bond energy for metabolic work. |
| | D) | do more than one of the above. |
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14 | |
Which of these is the highest level of organization and includes all the others? |
| | A) | community |
| | B) | ecosystem |
| | C) | species |
| | D) | population |
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15 | |
A group of individuals of a particular type that are able to successfully interbreed is called a/an |
| | A) | community. |
| | B) | ecosystem. |
| | C) | species. |
| | D) | population. |
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16 | |
Which of these includes both organisms and the physical environment? |
| | A) | population |
| | B) | community |
| | C) | ecosystem |
| | D) | species |
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17 | |
The productivity of an ecosystem refers to the |
| | A) | amount of food consumed by the organisms per unit space. |
| | B) | average number of offspring produced per adult female per unit time. |
| | C) | amount of biological material produced during a certain period of time. |
| | D) | reproductive output. |
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18 | |
The word trophic refers to |
| | A) | food or feeding. |
| | B) | one of two phases of photosynthesis. |
| | C) | the consumption of plant material by animals and other non-photosynthetic life forms. |
| | D) | the transformation of other forms of energy into chemical bond energy. |
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19 | |
Which have the most diverse diet? |
| | A) | photosynthetic plants |
| | B) | herbivores |
| | C) | omnivores |
| | D) | carnivores |
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20 | |
To be classified as a member of trophic level IV, an organism’s principal food would have to be |
| | A) | plants. |
| | B) | animals that eat plants. |
| | C) | animals that eat animals that eat plants. |
| | D) | animals that eat animals that eat animals that eat plants. |
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21 | |
Which two kinds of organisms are most important in an ecosystem? |
| | A) | plants and primary consumers |
| | B) | plants and animals at the very top of the food chain |
| | C) | animals in trophic levels III and IV |
| | D) | plants and decomposers |
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22 | |
The pyramid of energy in an ecosystem, with its progressive diminishment of energy contained within successively higher trophic levels, exists because |
| | A) | of the progressive loss of energy as waste heat as energy moves from one trophic level to another. |
| | B) | animal flesh contains a greater density of calories per gram of body weight than plants. |
| | C) | plant mass contains a greater number of calories per gram of body weight than animal flesh. |
| | D) | the higher the trophic level, generally, the larger the animals become. |
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23 | |
Photosynthesis and respiration are most significant in the cycle. |
| | A) | nitrogen |
| | B) | carbon |
| | C) | sulfur |
| | D) | phosphorus |
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24 | |
Decomposers are a critical component of which cycle(s). |
| | A) | nitrogen |
| | B) | carbon |
| | C) | phosphorus |
| | D) | all of the above |
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25 | |
The _____ cycle is most dependent on a variety of types of bacteria that shift the element among several different chemical forms. |
| | A) | nitrogen |
| | B) | carbon |
| | C) | sulfur |
| | D) | phosphorus |
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26 | |
The functions and characteristics of living organisms are most broadly the result of characteristics of |
| | A) | phosphorus. |
| | B) | carbon dioxide. |
| | C) | water. |
| | D) | sugar. |
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27 | |
The final breakdown and recycling of organic material is accomplished by |
| | A) | top level consumers. |
| | B) | decomposers. |
| | C) | scavengers. |
| | D) | detritivores. |
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28 | |
Which cycle involves movement of atoms up the food chain from trophic level to trophic level through feeding? |
| | A) | carbon |
| | B) | nitrogen |
| | C) | phosphorus |
| | D) | all of the above |
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29 | |
A carbon sink is a place where carbon |
| | A) | atoms wash up for supper. |
| | B) | is stored after removal from the atmosphere. |
| | C) | is released after cellular respiration. |
| | D) | is released by combustion. |
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30 | |
_____ makes up the majority of the weight of most life forms. |
| | A) | Carbohydrate |
| | B) | Protein |
| | C) | Water |
| | D) | Fat |
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2003 McGraw-Hill Higher Education