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1 | |
Exponential growth in a population
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| | A) | refers to an increase by a constant amount, such as a net gain of 100 individuals, per year.
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| | B) | refers to an increase by a constant percentage each year.
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| | C) | is also called arithmetic growth.
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| | D) | includes any pattern of increase in numbers.
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2 | |
Biotic potential
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| | A) | underlies exponential growth in populations.
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| | B) | if unchecked, would cover the earth meters deep in most organisms surprisingly quickly.
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| | C) | is responsible for the J curve graph of population growth.
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| | D) | is responsible for all of the above.
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3 | |
Irruptive growth patterns in populations are characterized by
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| | A) | overshooting the environment's carrying capacity for the species.
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| | B) | rapid declines in population size.
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| | C) | population increase repeatedly running into limits imposed by finite spaces.
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| | D) | all of the above.
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4 | |
Logistic growth is characterized by
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| | A) | exponential increases in numbers.
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| | B) | arithmetic increases in numbers.
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| | C) | a constantly changing rate of increase.
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| | D) | erratic, unpredictable changes in the growth pattern.
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5 | |
Population growth patterns over time typically
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| | A) | follow a smooth J curve form.
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| | B) | follow a smooth S curve form.
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| | C) | exhibit erratic fluctuations caused by readily discernable factors.
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| | D) | exhibit complex patterns produced by complex causes.
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6 | |
Environmental resistance is composed of any and all factors that
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| | A) | tend to produce a J shaped growth curve.
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| | B) | produce an S shaped growth curve.
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| | C) | reduce population growth rates.
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| | D) | tend to produce Malthusian growth patterns.
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7 | |
A Malthusian "strategy" of population growth includes a tendency for
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| | A) | factors external to the population to control growth rates.
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| | B) | production of many small offspring that mature early.
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| | C) | organisms to have short lives and grow rapidly.
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| | D) | all of the above.
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8 | |
A logistic strategy is one
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| | A) | associated with unrestricted exponential growth until carrying capacity is exceeded.
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| | B) | associated with providing a high degree of care of young.
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| | C) | more common among organisms in lower trophic levels.
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| | D) | more typical among organisms that occupy broad ecological niches.
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9 | |
Logistic strategies are better adapted to
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| | A) | environments experiencing erratic, unpredictable swings in chemical or physical factors.
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| | B) | situations where resource utilization can be maximized through a rapid increase in population size.
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| | C) | organisms present in early successional stages.
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| | D) | fairly stable environments.
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10 | |
Earth's carrying capacity for humans depends on our
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| | A) | eating patterns.
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| | B) | range and magnitude of material consumption.
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| | C) | recreational space needs.
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| | D) | patterns of each of the above.
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11 | |
The physical ability to reproduce is called
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| | A) | fecundity.
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| | B) | fertility.
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| | C) | natality.
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12 | |
The longest period of life reached by a particular species is called its
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| | A) | life expectancy.
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| | B) | life span.
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| | C) | survivorship quotient.
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13 | |
A survivorship curve with the shape of a straight line descending over time indicates an organism whose chance of death
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| | A) | is unrelated to its age.
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| | B) | decreases as it gets older.
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| | C) | increases as it gets older.
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| | D) | is greater early in life than in later life.
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14 | |
A population's age structure refers to its
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| | A) | life span.
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| | B) | life expectancy.
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| | C) | relative number of individuals at various ages.
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15 | |
An age structure shaped like a modified mushroom indicates a population that is
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| | A) | expanding rapidly.
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| | B) | expanding slowly.
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| | C) | stable.
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| | D) | reducing in size.
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16 | |
Environmental resistance is composed of
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| | A) | density-dependent factors.
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| | B) | density-independent factors.
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| | C) | both density-dependent and independent factors.
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| | D) | neither density-dependent nor independent factors.
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17 | |
In the context of population growth regulation, intrinsic factors are those that
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| | A) | operate within or between organisms.
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| | B) | lower reproductive success by a variety of means.
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| | C) | are imposed on the population from outside.
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| | D) | increase reproductive success by a variety of means.
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18 | |
A density-dependent factor is one
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| | A) | that always increases a species' biotic potential.
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| | B) | that always lowers a species' biotic potential.
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| | C) | whose effect is influenced by the degree of crowding in the population.
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| | D) | whose effect is typically the result of extrinsic causes.
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19 | |
Density-independent factors tend to be
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| | A) | more associated with abiotic factors.
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| | B) | more associated with intrinsic factors.
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| | C) | unable to lower reproductive gains in a population.
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| | D) | more influential with natality rates than mortality rates.
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20 | |
Examples of density-dependent factors would include
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| | A) | territorial behavior reducing the number of mating pairs.
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| | B) | reduced fertility of mice kept in crowded conditions.
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| | C) | competition among different individuals of the same species for a resource resulting in reduced average litter size.
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| | D) | all of the above.
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21 | |
An example of an extrinsic, abiotic, density-independent factor regulating population growth would be ____ killing many individuals.
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| | A) | an unusual cold spell
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| | B) | a highly contagious disease
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| | C) | the explosion of a predator population
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| | D) | a pathogenic mutation in a bacterial populataion
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22 | |
Release of hatchery-raised salmon have proven very effective in returning Pacific coast salmon runs to historic levels.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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23 | |
Arithmetic growth refers to any pattern of increase of the size of a plant or animal population.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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24 | |
The maximum rate at which an organism can reproduce is called its biological potential. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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25 | |
Explosive growth better characterizes logistic growth than exponential growth.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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26 | |
The shape of a population's growth curve over time represents the dynamic interaction between a species' biotic potential and environmental resistance.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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27 | |
Knowing the proportion of a population in the pre-reproductive ages is a useful tool in predicting future populations trends.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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28 | |
An abiotic factor is something caused, produced, or otherwise associated with living organisms.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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2003 McGraw-Hill Higher Education