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Chapter Objectives
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At the end of this chapter, you should be able to:

Distinguish between life expectancy and life span, including mention of cross-cultural differences

Elaborate on the characteristics associated with being a centenarian

Describe the sex differences in longevity and what may account for them

Be able to determine differences between the young old, the old old, and the oldest old

Discuss the biological theories of aging

Elaborate on the course of physical development in late adulthood, and the changes that take place in the brain as we age

Indicate the physical and sensory changes that occur in the older adult

Discuss how sexual performance, is impacted by aging

Describe common health problems in late adulthood, and expound on the causes of death in older adults

Discuss arthritis and osteoporosis, including the symptoms, causes, and possible treatments for each

Describe the robust oldest old

Discuss the role of exercise, nutrition, and weight in late adulthood, as well as the vitamin controversy

Explain care options for the elderly and ways to improve their care in the nursing home

Describe the relationship between health-care providers and the older adult







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