Active (niche-picking) genotype-environment correlations | Correlations that exist when children seek out environments that they find compatible and stimulating
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Adoption study | A study to discover whether adoptive children are more like their adoptive parents or their biological parents
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Behaviour genetics | The study of the degree and nature of behaviours basis in heredity
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Canalization | The process by which characteristics take a narrow path or developmental course
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Chromosomes | They are threadlike structures that come in 23 pairs, one member of each pair coming from each parent; they contain the genetic substance DNA
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DNA | A complex molecule that contains genetic information
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Down syndrome | A chromosomally transmitted form of mental retardation caused by an extra chromosome
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Evocative genotype-environment correlations | Correlations that exist when the childs genotype elicits certain types of physical and social environments
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Evolutionary psychology | Emphasizes that behaviour is related to survival and reproduction
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Fragile X syndrome | A genetic disorder involving an abnormality in the X chromosome, which often breaks
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Genes | Units of hereditary information composed of DNA
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Genotype | A persons genetic heritage; the actual genetic material
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Klinefelter syndrome | A chromosomal disorder in which males have an extra X chromosome
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Meiosis | The process by which cells divide into gametes
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Mitosis | The process by which each chromosome in the cell's nucleus duplicates itself
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Nonshared environmental experiences | The childs own unique experiences that are not shared by another sibling
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Passive genotype-environment correlations | Correlations that exist when the natural parents provide a rearing environment for the child
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Phenotype | The way in which an individual's genotype is expressed
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Phenylketonuria (PKU) | A genetic disorder in which an individual cannot properly metabolize an amino acid; if left untreated, results in mental retardation
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Reaction range | The range of possible phenotypes for each genotype
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Reproduction | The process that begins when a female ovum is fertilized by a male sperm
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Shared environmental experiences | Childrens common environmental experiences that are shared with their siblings
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Sickle-cell anemia | A genetic disorder that affects the red blood cells; occurs most often in people of African descent
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Tay-Sachs disease | A fatal genetic disorder that starts in the fetus and causes death, usually by age five
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Turner syndrome | A chromosome disorder in which females are missing an X chromosome
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Twin study | The behavioural similarity of identical twins is compared with fraternal twins
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XYY syndrome | A chromosomal disorder in which males have an extra Y chromosome
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Zygote | A single cell formed when an ovum is fertilized by a sperm
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