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Theories of Personality, 5/e
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Psychodynamic Theories
Adler: Individual Psychology
Multiple Choice Quiz
1
As a child, Adler had an intense rivalry with
A)
his mother.
B)
his father.
C)
an older brother named Sigmund.
D)
an older sister named Anna.
E)
Sigmund Freud.
2
Individual psychology can be considered to be
A)
deterministic.
B)
optimistic.
C)
pessimistic.
D)
neoFreudian.
E)
both b and d.
3
People strive toward superiority through one of two paths. One is the route of social interest; the other is the road of
A)
success.
B)
individuation.
C)
exaggerated personal gain.
D)
submission.
4
To Adler, the one dynamic force behind a person's activity is
A)
the striving for success or superiority.
B)
organ inferiorities.
C)
organ dialect.
D)
feelings of superiority.
5
According to Adler, a person's final goal is
A)
set at about age 18.
B)
a creation of the creative power.
C)
largely known to the person.
D)
shaped by heredity and environment.
6
Adler insisted that personality is shaped by
A)
subjective perceptions.
B)
birth-order.
C)
early childhood experiences.
D)
organ inferiorities.
7
Adler called ideas that have no real existence yet influence individuals as if they really existed
A)
fictions.
B)
fabrications.
C)
hypotheses.
D)
postulates.
8
The doctrine that motivation should be considered according to its final purpose or aim is called
A)
fictional imperative.
B)
Gemeinschaftsgefühl.
C)
causation.
D)
teleology.
9
Alder believed that organ inferiorities
A)
cause superiority personalities.
B)
cause inferiority personalities.
C)
bestow meaning and purpose on all behavior.
D)
stimulate feelings of inferiority.
10
Gemeinschaftsgefühl is usually translated as
A)
style of life.
B)
fictional finalism.
C)
social interest.
D)
organ inferiority.
11
According to Adler _________________ is the "sole criterion of human values."
A)
social interest
B)
productive work
C)
self-interest
D)
religion
12
A person's final goal is ultimately shaped by
A)
heredity.
B)
early childhood experiences.
C)
the superego.
D)
the creative power.
13
A person's style of life becomes fairly well established at about what age?
A)
6 to 12 months
B)
4 to 5 years
C)
8 to 9 years
D)
15 to 18 years
14
Adler held that people are continually pushed by the need to overcome inferiority feelings and pulled by the desire for
A)
love.
B)
social interest.
C)
unity with all humanity.
D)
completion.
15
To Adler, the core of maladjustment is
A)
innate physical deficiencies.
B)
lack of social interest.
C)
a pampered style of life.
D)
a neglected style of life.
16
Early recollections are
A)
easily verified by talking to parents or older siblings.
B)
keys to understanding one's style of life.
C)
usually unpleasant and traumatic.
D)
the cause of one's style of life.
17
According to Adler, the creative power
A)
usually leads to outstanding accomplishments.
B)
shapes one's style of life.
C)
is a deterministic concept.
D)
is secondary to heredity and environment in shaping personality.
18
Adler believed that the goals of a neurotic
A)
are exaggerated and unrealistic.
B)
are compensations for organ inferiorities.
C)
both a and b.
D)
neither a nor b.
19
Pampered children
A)
frequently feel neglected.
B)
have received too much love.
C)
become productive contributions to society.
D)
none of the above.
20
Adlerian safeguarding tendencies are
A)
sometimes conscious and sometimes unconscious.
B)
completely conscious.
C)
completely unconscious.
D)
used only by neurotics.
21
Safeguarding tendencies protect exaggerated feelings of superiority against
A)
anxiety.
B)
guilt.
C)
public disgrace.
D)
an uncontrollable id.
22
Compared with Freud, Adler
A)
had a more positive view toward women.
B)
placed more emphasis on aggression.
C)
relied more on dream interpretation during psychotherapy.
D)
was more likely to use hypnosis to treat patients.
23
Style of life is most reliably revealed by
A)
the word association test.
B)
hypnosis.
C)
dream interpretation.
D)
early recollections.
24
According to Adler, dreams
A)
can be interpreted only by the dreamer.
B)
express childhood sexual fantasies.
C)
provide information for dealing with future problems.
D)
can foretell the future.
25
According to Adler, human personality is
A)
the result of the interaction of heredity and environment.
B)
determined by people's experiences with frustration and conflict.
C)
shaped by people's interpretations of experiences.
D)
motivated by a complexity and multiplicity of drives and needs.
26
The ultimate goal of Adlerian therapy is to
A)
reduce needless anxiety.
B)
increase self-confidence.
C)
increase social interest.
D)
decrease safeguarding tendencies.
27
Research suggests that early recollections
A)
may change during the course of psychotherapy.
B)
are not consistent with scores on current personality inventories.
C)
have little or no usefulness to the clinician.
D)
tend to remain unchanged while personality changes.
28
A major weakness of Adler's theory is that it
A)
is not easily falsifiable.
B)
has failed to generate much research.
C)
is anti-Freudian.
D)
cannot explain inconsistencies in behavior.
29
In his concept of humanity, Adler saw people as
A)
destined for a life of conflict and chaos.
B)
being driven by security and safety.
C)
determined mostly by environmental factors.
D)
determined mostly by genetic factors.
E)
none of the above.
2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education
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