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Microbiology, Fifth Edition
Microbiology, 5/e
Lansing M Prescott, Augustana College
Donald A Klein, Colorado State University
John P Harley, Eastern Kentucky University
Microorganisms in Aquatic Environments

Self-Quiz

Choose the best answer



1

All of the following are true about releasing untreated sewage into a river except
A)it is a health hazard.
B)it increases the BOD.
C)it decreases the dissolved oxygen.
D)it kills bacteria.

Match the types of wastewater treatment listed in the following questions with the following processes. Choices may be used once, more than once, or not at all.



2

Removal of solids
A)Primary treatment
B)Secondary treatment
C)Tertiary treatment
D)None of these
3

Activated sludge
A)Primary treatment
B)Secondary treatment
C)Tertiary treatment
D)None of these
4

Chemical precipitation of phosphorus
A)Primary treatment
B)Secondary treatment
C)Tertiary treatment
D)None of these
5

Trickling filter
A)Primary treatment
B)Secondary treatment
C)Tertiary treatment
D)None of these
6

Routinely results in drinking water
A)Primary treatment
B)Secondary treatment
C)Tertiary treatment
D)None of these

In the next set of questions we are concerned with the sewage treatment process. The primary treatment processes are to be considered group I. The secondary treatment processes are to be considered group II.



7

Removal of solids
A)a reaction of I but not II.
B)a reaction of II but not I.
C)a reaction of both I and II.
D)not a reaction of either I or II but necessary if either I or II or both are to occur.
E)not a reaction of either I or II but occurs as a result of I or II or both.
8

Aerobic digestion of dissolved organic materials
A)a reaction of I but not II.
B)a reaction of II but not I.
C)a reaction of both I and II.
D)not a reaction of either I or II but necessary if either I or II or both are to occur.
E)not a reaction of either I or II but occurs as a result of I or II or both.
9

Gravitation separation
A)a reaction of I but not II.
B)a reaction of II but not I.
C)a reaction of both I and II.
D)not a reaction of either I or II but necessary if either I or II or both are to occur.
E)not a reaction of either I or II but occurs as a result of I or II or both.
10

Incorporation of dissolved phosphates into algae
A)a reaction of I but not II.
B)a reaction of II but not I.
C)a reaction of both I and II.
D)not a reaction of either I or II but necessary if either I or II or both are to occur.
E)not a reaction of either I or II but occurs as a result of I or II or both.
11

Anaerobic sludge digestion
A)a reaction of I but not II.
B)a reaction of II but not I.
C)a reaction of both I and II.
D)not a reaction of either I or II but necessary if either I or II or both are to occur.
E)not a reaction of either I or II but occurs as a result of I or II or both.
12

Removal of stones and sand
A)a reaction of I but not II.
B)a reaction of II but not I.
C)a reaction of both I and II.
D)not a reaction of either I or II but necessary if either I or II or both are to occur.
E)not a reaction of either I or II but occurs as a result of I or II or both.

Answer these next questions normally (just choose the best answer)



13

____ is an environment like ____ where microorganisms are functioning in an extremely thin film of water and where oxygen-containing air is close to them.
A)low oxygen diffusion environment; soils
B)high oxygen diffusion environment; soils
C)low oxygen diffusion environment; lakes
D)high oxygen diffusion environment; lakes
14

Members of all of the following genera of bacteria typically are found in a maturing Winogradsky column except
A)Clostridium.
B)Rhodospirillum.
C)Chlorobium.
D)Desulfovibrio.
E)Escherichia.
15

The Redfield ratio is an index of concentration of
A)carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
B)nitrogen, potassium and iron.
C)carbon, nitrogen and sulfur.
D)carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous.
E)carbon, phosphorous and sulfur.
16

Metabolism of dissolved organic material released by phytoplankton allows heterotrophic bacteria to become part of the particulate organic matter that is passed up the food web to be metabolized and released as mineral elements and CO2 at each transfer. This sentence describes the
A)microbial loop.
B)Winogradsky column.
C)Redfield ratio.
D)Sheffields law.
E)Gibbs free energy.
17

All of the following species are considered coliforms except
A)Enterobacter aerogenes.
B)Klebsiella pneumoniae.
C)Salmonella typhi.
D)Escherichia coli
18

Fecal coliforms differ from coliforms by virtue of
A)the ability of coliforms to ferment lactose within 48 hours and coliforms cannot.
B)fact that fecal coliforms are Gram positive rods and coliforms are Gram negative rods.
C)are derived from warm blooded animals and can grow at 44.5°C.
D)fact that fecal coliforms are facultatively anaerobic whereas coliforms are obligate anaerobes.
19

Because it can be used with a variety of media and allow a resuscitation step the ____ technique has become the common and often preferred method of evaluating the microbiological characteristics of water.
A)most probable number
B)P-A
C)MUG
D)membrane filtration
E)Winogradsky

For the next set of questions compare the entities I and II



20

I. - The rate of flux of oxygen in air.
II.- The rate of flux of oxygen in water.

A)I is greater than II
B)II is greater than I
C)I is exactly or approximately equal to II
D)I may stand in more than one of the above relations to II
21

I - The solubility of oxygen at 25°C
II - The solubility of oxygen at 15°C

A)I is greater than II
B)II is greater than I
C)I is exactly or approximately equal to II
D)I may stand in more than one of the above relations to II
22

I. Loss of carbon through the microbial loop in oligotrophic environments.
II. Loss of carbon through the microbial loop in copiotrophic environments.

A)I is greater than II
B)II is greater than I
C)I is exactly or approximately equal to II
D)I may stand in more than one of the above relations to II
23

I. The amount of oxygen dissolved in hypolimnion water in the winter
II. The amount of oxygen dissolved in hypolimnion water in the summer

A)I is greater than II
B)II is greater than I
C)I is exactly or approximately equal to II
D)I may stand in more than one of the above relations to II
24

I.- The BOD of wastewater after the tertiary stage in treatment.
II. - The BOD of wastewater after the primary stage in treatment.

A)I is greater than II
B)II is greater than I
C)I is exactly or approximately equal to II
D)I may stand in more than one of the above relations to II

For the next set of questions each question lists two categories, numbered I and II.



25

I. - Ultramicrobacteria
II. - Algae

A)All members of I are also members of II, but not all members of II are members of I.
B)All members of II are also members of I, but not all members of I are members of II.
C)All members of I are members of II, and all members of II are members of I.
D)No member of I is also a member of II.
E)Some members of I are members of II and some are not, and some members of II are members of I and some are not.
26

I. - Hyphomycetes
II. - Fungi

A)All members of I are also members of II, but not all members of II are members of I.
B)All members of II are also members of I, but not all members of I are members of II.
C)All members of I are members of II, and all members of II are members of I.
D)No member of I is also a member of II.
E)Some members of I are members of II and some are not, and some members of II are members of I and some are not.

For the next set of questions compare the validity of the two statments.



27

I. - Anoxic zones of aquatic environments develop: oxygen can be used by aerobic microbes faster than it can be replenished.
II. - Anoxic zones of aquatic environments develop: oxygen diffuses slowly in aquatic environments.

A)I only is true
B)II only is true
C)Both I and II are true
D)Neither I nor II are true.
28

I. - A Winogradsky column is used to filter out microorganisms from a water sample taken from a deep black smoker.
II. - A Winogradsky column is used to demonstrate interactions and gradients that occur in aquatic environments.

A)I only is true
B)II only is true
C)Both I and II are true
D)Neither I nor II are true.
29

I. - Ultramicrobacteria or nanobacteria are the dominant bacteria in marine systems.
II. Ultramicrobacteria or nanobacteria are so numerous that they are a major food source for heterotrophic flagellates.

A)I only is true
B)II only is true
C)Both I and II are true
D)Neither I nor II are true.
30

The "sulfur pearl of Namibia,"Thiomargarita namibiensis, I. - is the worlds largest bacterium.
II. - stores high concentrations of nitrate in a huge internal vacuole which takes up 98% of the organisms volume

A)I only is true
B)II only is true
C)Both I and II are true
D)Neither I nor II are true.
31

Hyphomycete fungi:
I. - grow in leaves in aquatic environments and produce nonmotile tetaradiate conidia.
II. - growing in leaves in aquatic environments. These infected leaves are the preferred food source for some aquatic insects.

A)I only is true
B)II only is true
C)Both I and II are true
D)Neither I nor II are true.
32

Coliforms are used as indicator organisms because:
I. - they are present wherever enteric pathogens are present.
II. - a testing procedure with great specificity is easy to perform.

A)I only is true
B)II only is true
C)Both I and II are true
D)Neither I nor II are true.








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