Table of ContentsFOREWORD, xv
PREFACE, xvi
DESIGN IN INDUSTRY: CAE in ACTION: Skate
Blades on the Cutting Edge, xxi
1 Introduction
to Graphics Communication and Sketching, 1
Objectives and Overview, 1
1.1 Introduction,
2
1.2 The
Importance of Graphics in the Design Process, 4
1.2.1
Visualization, 5
1.2.2
Communication, 7
1.2.3
Documentation, 7
1.3 The
Traditional Design Process, 8
1.4 The
Design Process Using Concurrent Engineering, 9
1.5
Standards and Conventions, 11
1.5.1
CAD Database Standards, 12
1.6 Alphabet
of Lines, 12
1.7 Specialists
and Technical Drawings, 13
1.8 Traditional
Tools, 13
1.8.1
Pencils, 14
HISTORICAL
HIGHLIGHT Leonardo da Vinci, 15
1.8.2
Drawing Paper, 16
1.8.3
Scales, 17
1.8.4 Civil
Engineer's Scale, 17
1.8.5
Mechanical Engineer's Scale, 19
1.8.6
Metric Scale, 23
1.8.7
Compass, 24
1.8.8
Dividers, 25
1.8.9
Templates, 26
1.9 What
You Will Learn, 27
1.10 Technical
Drawing Tools, 27
3-D MODELING PROJECT
Chapter
1: Stapler Modeling Project, 28
1.11 Future Trends,
29
1.11.1
Visualization Tools, 29
1.12 Computer-Aided
Drawing Tools, 29
1.13 Technical
Sketching, 32
1.13.1
Freehand Sketching Tools, 35
1.13.2
CAD Sketching Tools, 36
1.14 Sketching
Technique, 36
1.14.1
Seeing, Imaging, Representing, 37
1.14.2
Contour Sketching, 38
1.14.3
Negative Space Sketching, 40
1.14.4
Upside-Down Sketching, 40
1.14.5
Straight Lines, 40
1.14.6
Curved Lines, 43
1.15 Proportions
and Construction Lines, 45
1.16 Lettering,
49
1.16.1
Lettering Standards, 49
1.16.2
Hand Lettering, 50
1.16.3 Alternate
Text Styles, 50
1.16.4
CAD Lettering Technique, 53
1.17 Text on Drawings,
55
1.18 Summary, 56
DESIGN
CASE STUDY 3-D Design
Pays Off for Bose Corporation, 57
Goals
Review, 58
Questions
for Review, 58
Further
Reading, 59
DESIGN
IN INDUSTRY Virtual Reality
Changes the Face of Design, 59
Problems,
60
Classic
Problems, 72
2 The Engineering
Design Process, 73
Objectives and Overview, 73
2.1 Design,
74
2.2 The
Engineering Design Process, 76
2.2.1
Traditional Engineering Design, 77
2.2.2
Concurrent Engineering Design, 77
2.2.3 Collaborative
Engineering, 78
2.2.4
Virtual Product Representation, 78
2.2.5
Prototyping, 78
2.2.6
Productivity Tools, 79
2.2.7
EDM/PDM, 79
2.2.8
Internet, Intranet, and Extranet, 82
2.2.9
The Digital Enterprise, 82
2.2.10
e-Business, 82
2.2.11
Design Teams, 82
2.2.12
Members of Design Teams, 84
2.2.13
Types of Design Projects, 84
2.3 Ideation,
84
2.3.1
Problem Identification, 84
2.3.2
Preliminary Ideas Statement, 87
2.3.3
Preliminary Design, 87
2.3.4
Ideation Resources, 89
2.3.5
The Designer's Notebook, 89
2.4 Refinement,
89
2.4.1 Modeling, 93
2.4.2 Computer Simulation and Animation, 96
2.4.3 Design Analysis, 97
2.5
Design Review Meetings, 101
2.6 Implementation,
101
2.6.1 Planning, 101
2.6.2 Production, 102
2.6.3 Marketing, 103
2.6.4 Finance, 104
2.6.5 Management, 105
2.6.6 Service, 106
2.6.7 Documentation, 106
HISTORICAL HIGHLIGHT Standards, 107
2.7 Drawing
Control, 113
2.7.1 Product Data Control, 113
3-D MODELING PROJECT Chapter 2
Stapler Modeling Project, 114
2.7.2 File Management, 116
2.7.3 ISO 9000, 116
2.8 Other
Engineering Design Methods, 117
DESIGN CASE STUDY The Motorola
i1000 Handset Communicator, 118
Goals Review, 123
Questions for Review, 123
DESIGN IN INDUSTRY FEA and the
America's
Cup, 124
Further Reading, 126
3 Engineering
Geometry, 134
Objectives and Overview, 134
3.1 Engineering
Geometry, 135
3.2 Shape
Description, 135
3.3 Coordinate
Space, 136
3.3.1 Right-Hand Rule, 137
3.3.2
Polar Coordinates, 140
3.3.3 Cylindrical Coordinates, 140
3.3.4 Spherical Coordinates, 140
3.3.5 Absolute and Relative Coordinates, 141
3.3.6 World and Local Coordinate Systems, 142
3.4
Geometric Elements, 142
3.5 Points,
Lines, Circles, and Arcs, 143
3.5.1 Points, 143
HISTORICAL HIGHLIGHT Gaspard Monge, 143
3.5.2 Lines, 145
3.5.3 Tangencies, 147
3.5.4 Circles, 149
3.6
Conic Curves, 150
3.6.1 Parabolas, 151
3.6.2 Hyperbolas, 151
3.6.3 Ellipses, 152
3.7
Roulettes, 156
DESIGN IN INDUSTRY New Tools
Help Link Computer-Aided Industrial
Design with Mechanical CAD, 156
3.7.1 Spirals, 157
3.7.2 Cycloids, 157
3.7.3 Involutes, 158
3.8
Double-Curved Lines, Including Helixes, 159
3.9
Freeform Curves, 159
3.9.1 Spline Curves, 160
3.9.2 Bezier and B-Spline Curves, 160
3.10 Angles,
161
3.11 Planes,
162
3.12 Surfaces,
162
3.12.1 Two-Dimensional Surfaces, 164
3.12.2 Ruled Surfaces, 166
3.12.3 Fractal Curves and Surfaces, 171
3.13 3-D
Modeling, 172
3.13.1 Wireframe Modeling, 174
3.13.2 Surface Modeling, 175
Goals Review, 176
3-D MODELING PROJECT Chapter 3:
Stapler
Modeling Project, 177
Questions for Review, 177
Further Reading, 177
Problems, 178
Classic Problems, 183
4 Design
Visualization, 185
Objectives and Overview, 185
4.1
Visualization for Design, 185
4.1.1 Problem Solving, 186
VISION, 187
4.2 Solid
Object Features, 189
4.3
General Visualization Techniques, 191
4.3.1 Solid Object Combinations and Negative Solids,
191
4.3.2 Planar Surfaces, 192
4.3.3 Symmetry, 195
4.3.4 Surface Models (Developments), 196
4.4
Visualization Techniques for Engineering Drawings, 199
4.4.1 Image Planes, 199
4.4.2 Object-Image Plane Orientation, 200
4.4.3 Multiple Image Planes, 200
4.4.4 Choosing a View to Describe an Object, 201
4.5 Graphical
Analysis of Engineering Data, 201
4.5.1 Data Visualization Elements, 202
4.5.2 Visualizations for One Independent Variable, 206
4.5.3 Visualizations for Two Independent Variables,
209
DESIGN IN INDUSTRY Sikorsky Helibus, 210
4.6 Future
Directions, 211
4.7
Summary, 212
Questions for Review, 213
Further Reading, 213
Problems, 214
5 3-D Solid
Modeling, 234
Objectives, 234
Introduction, 235
5.1 Model
Definition, 235
5.2
Primitive Modeling, 235
5.3
Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG) Modeling, 236
5.4 Boundary
Representation (B-Rep) Modeling, 240
5.5 Hybrid
Modeling, 240
5.6
Constraint-Based Modeling, 241
5.6.1 Planning, 241
5.6.2 Sources of Data, 241
5.6.3 Eventual Model Use, 242
5.6.4 Modeling Standards, 242
5.7 Feature
Analysis, 242
5.8
Feature Definition, 244
5.8.1 Features from Generalized Sweeps, 244
5.8.2 Construction Geometry, 245
5.8.3 Sketching the Profile, 248
5.8.4 Constraining the Profile, 249
5.8.5 Completing the Feature Definition, 254
5.8.6 Feature Planning Strategies, 258
DESIGN IN INDUSTRY Design
of
Tollway Extension, 260
5.9
Editing Part Features, 262
5.9.1 Understanding Feature Order, 262
5.9.2 Editing Feature Properties, 264
5.10 Duplicating
Part Features, 265
5.11 Viewing
the Part Model, 266
5.11.1 View Camera Operation, 266
5.11.2 View Camera Strategy, 270
5.12 Application
of Part Model Data, 272
5.12.1
Model Data Associativity, 273
5.12.2 Documentation, 273
5.12.3 Assembly Modeling, 275
5.12.4 Analysis, 279
5.13 Summary,
281
Goals Review, 281
Further Reading, 283
Questions for Review, 283
Problems, 284
6 Multiviews
and Auxiliary Views, 297
Objectives and Overview, 297
6.1 Projection
Theory, 299
6.1.1 Line of Sight (LOS), 299
6.1.2 Plane of Projection, 299
6.1.3 Parallel versus Perspective Projection, 299
6.2
Multiview Projection Planes, 301
6.2.1 Frontal Plane of Projection, 301
6.2.2 Horizontal Plane of Projection, 301
6.2.3 Profile Plane of Projection, 302
6.2.4 Orientation of Views from Projection Planes, 302
6.3
Advantages of Multiview Drawings, 302
HISTORICAL HIGHLIGHT Ivan Sutherland (1938- ), 305
6.4
The Six Principal Views, 306
6.4.1 Conventional View Placement, 307
6.4.2 First- and Third-Angle Projection, 309
6.4.3 Adjacent Views, 309
6.4.4 Related Views, 311
6.4.5 Central View, 311
6.4.6 Line Conventions, 311
6.5 Multiview
Sketches, 314
6.5.1 One-View Sketches, 314
6.5.2 Two-View Sketches, 314
6.5.3
Three-View Sketches, 319
6.5.4 Multiviews from 3-D CAD Models, 320
6.6
View Selection, 321
6.7
Fundamental Views of Edges and Planes for Visualization, 325
6.7.1 Edges (Lines), 325
6.7.2 Principal Planes, 326
6.7.3 Inclined Planes, 329
6.7.4 Oblique Planes, 329
6.8 Multiview
Representations for Sketches, 329
6.8.1 Points, 329
6.8.2 Planes, 329
6.8.3 Change of Planes (Edge), 332
6.8.4 Angles, 332
6.8.5 Curved Surfaces, 332
6.8.6 Holes, 333
6.8.7 Fillets, Rounds, Finished Surfaces, and Chamfers,
336
6.8.8 Runouts, 338
6.8.9 Intersecting Cylinders, 338
6.8.10 Cylinders Intersecting Prisms and Holes, 339
6.9 Multiview
Drawings Visualization, 340
6.9.1 Projection Studies, 341
6.9.2 Physical Model Construction, 341
6.9.3 Adjacent Areas, 343
6.9.4 Similar Shapes, 344
6.9.5 Surface Labeling, 345
6.9.6 Missing Lines, 345
6.9.7 Vertex Labeling, 345
6.9.8 Analysis by Solids, 345
6.9.9 Analysis by Surfaces, 348
6.10 ANSI
Standards for Multiview Drawings and Sketches, 349
6.10.1 Partial Views, 349
6.10.2 Revolution Conventions, 350
6.10.3 Removed Views, 351
6.11 Auxiliary
View Projections, 351
6.11.1 Fold-Line Method, 352
6.11.2 Reference Plane Method, 352
DESIGN IN INDUSTRY Using
Parametrics with an Agile Manufacturing
Strategy, 354
6.12 Auxiliary
View Classifications, 356
6.13 Auxiliary
Views Using CAD, 356
3-D MODELING PROJECT, 357
6.14 Summary,
357
Goals Review, 357
Questions for Review, 358
Problems, 359
Classic
Problems, 388
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education