Lester M. Sdorow,
Arcadia University
Cheryl A. Rickabaugh,
University of Redlands
| analysis of dreams | In psychoanalysis, the process by which the therapist interprets the symbolic, manifest content of dreams to reveal their true, latent content to the client.
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| analysis of free associations | In psychoanalysis, the process by which the therapist interprets the underlying meaning of the client's uncensored reports of anything that comes to mind.
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| analysis of resistances | In psychoanalysis, the process by which the therapist interprets client behaviors that interfere with therapeutic progress toward uncovering unconscious conflicts.
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| analysis of transference | In psychoanalysis, the process by which the therapist interprets the feelings expressed by the client toward the therapist as being indicative of the feelings typically expressed by the client toward important people in his or her personal life.
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| antianxiety drugs | Psychoactive drugs that are used to treat anxiety disorders.
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| antidepressant drugs | Psychoactive drugs that are used to treat major depression.
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| antimania drugs | Psychoactive drugs, most notably lithium carbonate, that are used to treat bipolar disorder.
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| antipsychotic drugs | Psychoactive drugs that are used to treat schizophrenia.
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| assertiveness training | A form of social-skills training that teaches clients to express their feelings constructively.
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| aversion therapy | A form of behavior therapy that inhibits maladaptive behavior by pairing a stimulus that normally elicits a maladaptive response with an unpleasant stimulus.
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| behavior therapy | The therapeutic application of the principles of learning to change maladaptive behaviors.
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| catharsis | In psychoanalysis, the release of repressed emotional energy as a consequence of insight into the unconscious causes of one's psychological problems.
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| cognitive therapy | A type of therapy, developed by Aaron Beck, that aims at eliminating exaggerated negative beliefs about oneself, the world, or the future.
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| counterconditioning | A behavior therapy technique that applies the principles of classical conditioning to replace unpleasant emotional responses to stimuli with more pleasant ones.
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| deinstitutionalization | The movement toward treating people with psychological disorders in community settings instead of mental hospitals.
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| electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) | A biopsychological therapy that uses brief electric currents to induce brain seizures in victims of major depression.
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| family therapy | A form of group therapy that encourages the constructive expression of feelings and the establishment of rules that family members agree to follow.
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| flooding | An extinction procedure in which a phobic client is exposed to a stimulus that evokes intense anxiety.
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| Gestalt therapy | A type of humanistic therapy, developed by Fritz Perls, that encourages clients to become aware of their true feelings and to take responsibility for their own actions.
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| in vivo desensitization | A form of counterconditioning that trains the client to maintain a state of relaxation in the presence of anxiety-inducing stimuli.
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| moral therapy | An approach to therapy, developed by Philippe Pinel, that provided mental patients with humane treatment.
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| participant modeling | A form of social-learning therapy in which the client learns to perform more adaptive behaviors by first observing the therapist model the desired behaviors.
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| person-centered therapy | A type of humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, that helps clients find their own answers to their problems.
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| psychoanalysis | A type of psychotherapy, developed by Sigmund Freud, aimed at uncovering the unconscious causes of psychological disorders.
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| psychosurgery | The treatment of psychological disorders by destroying brain tissue.
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| psychotherapy | The treatment of psychological disorders through psychological means generally involving verbal interaction with a professional therapist.
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| rational-emotive behavior therapy (R-E-B-T) | A type of cognitive therapy, developed by Albert Ellis, that treats psychological disorders by forcing the client to give up irrational beliefs.
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| social-skills training | A form of behavioral group therapy that improves the client's social relationships by enhancing her or his interpersonal skills.
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| spontaneous remission | The improvement of some persons with psychological disorders without their undergoing formal therapy.
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| systematic desensitization | A form of counterconditioning that trains the client to maintain a state of relaxation in the presence of imagined anxiety-inducing stimuli.
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| token economy | An operant conditioning procedure that uses tokens as positive reinforcers in programs designed to promote desirable behaviors, with the tokens later used to purchase desired items or privileges.
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| transactional analysis (TA) | A form of psychoanalytic group therapy, developed by Eric Berne, that helps clients change their immature or inappropriate ways of relating to other people.
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| trephining | An ancient technique in which sharp stones were used to chip holes in the skull, possibly to let out evil spirits that supposedly caused abnormal behavior.
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education