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Kardong 1e
An Introduction to Biological Evolution
Kenneth Kardong, Washington State University---Pullman
Life in Groups

Practice Quiz



1

Why does alarm-calling behavior in birds and mammals initially appear to be inconsistent with Darwinian evolution?
A)Individuals giving alarm calls reduce the predation risk for themselves and for others in the group.
B)Individuals giving alarm calls reduce their own predation risk but increase the risk for others in the group.
C)Individuals giving alarm calls increase their own predation risk as well as that of others in the group.
D)Individuals giving alarm calls increase their own predation risk but decrease the risk for others in the group.
2

Birds or mammals giving alarm calls may emit different calls in response to sightings of different types of predators.
A)TRUE
B)FALSE
3

Altruistic behavior decreases the evolutionary fitness of the individual performing the behavior but increases the evolutionary fitness of individuals benefiting from the behavior.
A)TRUE
B)FALSE
4

Wynne-Edwards believed that population sizes remain stable at sustainable levels because
A)starvation and disease cull a large proportion of individuals.
B)competition with other species limits population size.
C)individuals sacrifice their own reproduction for the good of the group.
D)selfish individuals are driven out of the population by bands of altruists.
5

Kin selection favors actions that increase the evolutionary fitness of offspring and siblings, but not of other genetic relatives.
A)TRUE
B)FALSE
6

Inclusive fitness is
A)the lifetime reproductive output of an individual plus the increase in reproductive output of genetic relatives due to behaviors of that individual.
B)the lifetime reproductive output of a group of unrelated individuals.
C)the fitness of selfish individuals in a population relative to the fitness of altruistic individuals.
D)none of the above
7

Why did J.B.S. Haldane state that he would lay down his life for two brothers or for eight first cousins?
A)He wasn't particularly fond of his cousins.
B)He didn't understand the concept of inclusive fitness.
C)If he were to make such a sacrifice, his genetic contribution to the next generation would be roughly the same as if he had lived.
D)He knew these relatives would care for his own offspring if he died.
8

An individual bird can increase her inclusive fitness by caring for the offspring of a brood parasitic species.
A)TRUE
B)FALSE
9

Which of the following is NOT a problem for the theory of group selection?
A)Group selection has been shown to be mathematically impossible.
B)There is no known selective agent that acts at the group level.
C)Individual selection favoring cheaters is likely to outweigh any effects of group selection favoring altruists.
D)none of the above
10

Which of the following phenomena is NOT microevolutionary?
A)Changes of allele frequencies within populations.
B)Evolution of geographic variation within species.
C)The fixation of favorable traits by natural selection.
D)The origin of new families of animals.
11

The term "punctuated equilibrium" describes the pattern of gradual phenotypic change within lineages observed in the fossil record.
A)TRUE
B)FALSE
12

Which of the following is true about punctuated equilibrium and species selection?
A)The theory of punctuated equilibrium has been refuted because there is little evidence of cladogenesis in the fossil record.
B)Species selection is the only process that can adequately account for observed patterns of cladogenesis in the fossil record.
C)Mircroevolution over long periods of geological time can account for the pattern of cladogenesis described by the theory of punctuated equilibrium.
D)Numerous examples have been reported of selective pressures acting at the level of the species as an "individual."
13

Genetic drift is
A)steady movement of individuals (and their genes) from one population to another.
B)change in allele frequencies due to chance events in small populations.
C)natural selection in a peripheral isolate.
D)clinal geographic variation in allele frequencies.
14

Bottleneck effects are a consequence of genetic drift.
A)TRUE
B)FALSE
15

Feathers evolved because natural selection anticipated their usefulness for powered flight in birds.
A)TRUE
B)FALSE
16

Limblessness evolved in snakes due to selection favoring a few Hox-gene mutations with major effects on limb development.
A)TRUE
B)FALSE








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