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1 | |
A procedure that displays the pairs of chromosomes in a cell is called a_______. |
| | A) | genotype |
| | B) | phenotype |
| | C) | karyotype |
| | D) | linotype |
| | E) | chromotype |
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2 | |
Nondisjunction can occur if ______ chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis I. |
| | A) | homologous |
| | B) | heterozygous |
| | C) | defective |
| | D) | sex |
| | E) | autosoma |
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3 | |
Nondisjunction occurs during meiosis II if sister chromatids fail to separate completely. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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4 | |
The most common autosomal trisomy at birth is ________. |
| | A) | cri du chat syndrome |
| | B) | Patau syndrome |
| | C) | Klinefelter syndrome |
| | D) | Turner syndrome |
| | E) | Down syndrome |
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5 | |
Characteristics of Down syndrome include _________. |
| | A) | short stature |
| | B) | round head |
| | C) | mental retardation |
| | D) | palm crease |
| | E) | all of the above |
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6 | |
Persons with Down syndrome usually have ______ copies of chromosome 21. |
| | A) | no |
| | B) | one |
| | C) | two |
| | D) | three |
| | E) | nonaligned |
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7 | |
Down syndrome may be detected by ________. |
| | A) | a karyotype from chorionic villi testing |
| | B) | a karyotype from amniocentesis |
| | C) | a test to detect substances in the maternal blood |
| | D) | all of these |
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8 | |
In persons with Down syndrome, the Gart gene is associated with the _______. |
| | A) | oriental-like fold of the eyelids |
| | B) | stubby fingers |
| | C) | mental retardation |
| | D) | third or extra copy of the chromosome 21 |
| | E) | all of the above |
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9 | |
A permanent genetic change that can be detected by microscopic examination of chromosome structure is a chromosome mutation. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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10 | |
Examples of chromosomal mutations are ________. |
| | A) | inversion |
| | B) | translocation |
| | C) | deletion |
| | D) | duplication |
| | E) | all of the above |
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11 | |
If a segment of a chromosome is present several times more than normal due to unequal crossing-over, it is called ________. |
| | A) | an inversion |
| | B) | a translocation |
| | C) | a deletion |
| | D) | a duplication |
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12 | |
If a segment of a chromosome is turned around 180 degrees, it results in ________. |
| | A) | an inversion |
| | B) | a translocation |
| | C) | a deletion |
| | D) | a duplication |
| | E) | absolutely no change in genetics at all |
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13 | |
Cri du chat syndrome is an example of an inversion chromosomal mutation. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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14 | |
Other factors being equal, the chance of having a girl or of having a boy is ____. |
| | A) | 50 : 50 |
| | B) | 3-to-1 |
| | C) | dependent upon the sex chromosomes of the parents |
| | D) | dependent upon the sex chromosomes of the father |
| | E) | dependent upon the sex chromosomes of the mother |
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15 | |
Adults with XX chromosomes have darkly, staining, condensed chromatin bodies called ______ bodies. |
| | A) | polar |
| | B) | Barr |
| | C) | nuclear |
| | D) | Golgi |
| | E) | nondisjunction |
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16 | |
A Barr body is a condensed, inactive X chromosome. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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17 | |
A person with Turner syndrome has ______ sex chromosome(s). |
| | A) | no |
| | B) | only one |
| | C) | two deformed |
| | D) | three or one extra |
| | E) | normal |
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18 | |
An egg has a(n) ______ chromosome. |
| | A) | X |
| | B) | Y |
| | C) | either 1 or 2 is possible |
| | D) | extra |
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19 | |
A sperm has a(n) ______ chromosome. |
| | A) | X |
| | B) | Y |
| | C) | either 1 or 2 is possible. |
| | D) | extra |
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20 | |
The sex of a newborn child is determined by the mother. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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21 | |
Nondisjunction during spermatogenesis can lead to a sperm with __________. |
| | A) | no sex chromosome |
| | B) | an X and a Y chromosome |
| | C) | two X chromosomes |
| | D) | two Y chromosomes |
| | E) | all of the above |
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22 | |
Many different abnormal sex chromosome constituencies can be due to nondisjunction. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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23 | |
A person with Turner syndrome has the following sex chromosome(s). |
| | A) | X |
| | B) | Y |
| | C) | both 1 and 2 |
| | D) | neither X nor Y |
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24 | |
A person with Klinefelter syndrome ______. |
| | A) | is a sterile male |
| | B) | is a sterile female |
| | C) | can be either a sterile male or female |
| | D) | is neutral (neither male or female) |
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25 | |
Poly-X individuals are _________. |
| | A) | are sterile |
| | B) | lack developed breasts |
| | C) | may have menstrual irregularities |
| | D) | are especially feminine |
| | E) | all of the above |
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26 | |
Nondisjunction during oogenesis can lead to an egg with __________. |
| | A) | two X chromosomes |
| | B) | no X chromosome |
| | C) | either 1 or 2 |
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27 | |
Normally, an individual receives ______ autosomes from each parent. |
| | A) | 2 |
| | B) | 22 |
| | C) | 44 |
| | D) | 46 |
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28 | |
Normally, an individual receives two sex chromosomes from a parent. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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29 | |
An) X-linked recessive disorder(s) is/include _________. |
| | A) | color blindness |
| | B) | hemophilia |
| | C) | muscular dystrophy |
| | D) | all of the above |
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30 | |
All traits associated with the sex of the individual are due to sex-linked genes. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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31 | |
Both the chromosomes and alleles of each pair segregate together during meiosis, with the first or second chromosome of each pair going into a sperm or egg. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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32 | |
Except for the unmatched portion of the X-chromosome, the gametes contain only one of each type of chromosome and one of each type allele in all possible combinations. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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33 | |
Regarding autosomal recessive genetic disorders, most affected children have parents with the disorder. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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34 | |
With autosomal recessive genetic disorders, heterozygotes have a ______ phenotype. |
| | A) | normal |
| | B) | recessive |
| | C) | homozygous |
| | D) | hidden |
| | E) | variable |
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35 | |
With autosomal recessive disorders, if two parents have the disorder, the children have what chance of having the disorder? |
| | A) | no chance |
| | B) | 50% |
| | C) | 100% |
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36 | |
With autosomal recessive genetic disorders, males and females are affected with equal frequency. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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37 | |
Huntington disease ________. |
| | A) | causes tumors |
| | B) | causes the brain to degenerate |
| | C) | affects the liver |
| | D) | affects less than one in a million persons |
| | E) | is a recessive disorder |
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38 | |
Individuals with Huntington disease show symptoms at birth. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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39 | |
Regarding Huntington disease, which of the following is true? |
| | A) | The gene is located on chromosome 4. |
| | B) | It is an autosomal dominant disorder. |
| | C) | Affected persons have many more repeats of the amino acid glutamine. |
| | D) | There is no effective treatment. |
| | E) | All of the above are correct. |
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40 | |
Normally a child with a dominant trait does NOT have a parent with the trait. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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41 | |
Autosomal recessive genetic disorder(s) include(s) ________. |
| | A) | cystic fibrosis |
| | B) | Tay-Sachs disease |
| | C) | phenylketonuria (PKU) |
| | D) | all of the above |
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42 | |
________ is the most common lethal genetic disease among Caucasians in the United States. |
| | A) | Tay-Sachs |
| | B) | Huntington disease |
| | C) | Cystic fibrosis |
| | D) | Neurofibromatosis |
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43 | |
Children with cystic fibrosis have a thick and viscous fluid in the lungs and digestive tract. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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44 | |
In cystic fibrosis, patients' fluoride ions fail to pass through cell membrane channel proteins. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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45 | |
Lack of ______ in the lungs leads to thick mucus in cystic fibrosis patients. |
| | A) | alveoli |
| | B) | air |
| | C) | water |
| | D) | muscle tissue |
| | E) | genetic material |
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46 | |
Tay-Sachs disease is of higher incidence among Jewish people in the United States. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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47 | |
Tay-Sachs disease is due to a lack of the enzyme Hex ______. |
| | A) | A |
| | B) | T-S |
| | C) | peroxidase |
| | D) | lipase |
| | E) | PKU |
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48 | |
Individuals with PKU must be on a diet low in phenylalanine throughout their lives. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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49 | |
Gene therapy is a theoretical idea for replacing defective genes with healthy ones but it has not yet been used. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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50 | |
A retrovirus has ______ genes. |
| | A) | RNA |
| | B) | DNA |
| | C) | bacterial |
| | D) | defective |
| | E) | no |
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51 | |
A/an ______ is used as a vector to carry normal genes into the cells of a patient where they become incorporated into the genome. |
| | A) | antisense molecule |
| | B) | plasmid |
| | C) | retrovirus |
| | D) | GEM (genetically engineered microbe) |
| | E) | DNA probe |
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52 | |
When research or medical procedures are done in an organism or patient rather than in tissue culture or test tube, it is called _________. |
| | A) | genetic |
| | B) | realistic |
| | C) | in vitro |
| | D) | in vivo |
| | E) | malignant |
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