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Multiple Choice Quiz
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1

A ______ gene codes for a repressor protein.
A)promoter
B)operator
C)structural
D)regulator
E)transcription
2

The promoter is ___________.
A)a short sequence of DNA where the repressor binds, preventing RNA polymerase from attaching to the promoter
B)a short sequence of DNA where RNA polymerase first attaches when a gene is to be transcribed
C)one to several genes of a metabolic pathway that are transcribed as a unit
D)a gene that codes for a repressor protein
E)any dominant gene
3

Each cell contains a full complement of genes but only certain genes are active at any one time.
A)True
B)False
4

A regulator gene located inside the operon codes for a promoter protein that can bind to the operator and switch on the operon.
A)True
B)False
5

The operon model explains a means of transcriptional control in bacteria.
A)True
B)False
6

Which of the following is NOT true concerning control of gene expression in eukaryotic cells?
A)Transcriptional control is the most important factor.
B)Transcription factors help RNA polymerase bind to a promoter.
C)Transcription activators binding to enhancers can speed up transcription.
D)Part of transcriptional control includes the processing of mRNA before it leaves the nucleus.
E)All of the above are correct.
7

All mRNA molecules exist for the same amount of time within a cell.
A)True
B)False
8

Which of the following is NOT true regarding protein activity?
A)All proteins are active immediately after being formed.
B)Proteasomes are protein complexes responsible for degrading proteins.
C)Proteins will fold into a three dimensional structure after being synthesized.
D)Some amino acids may need to be removed before a protein becomes functional.
E)Protein activity is usually controlled by feedback control.
9

Ordinarily, cells with damaged DNA undergo ______ or programmed cell death.
A)apoptosis
B)tumor-suppression
C)differentiation
D)angiogenesis
E)metastasis
10

Cancer cells exhibit uncontrolled and disorganized growth.
A)True
B)False
11

Formation of new blood vessels is required to bring nutrients and oxygen to cancerous tumors.
A)True
B)False
12

Cancer cells cannot enter the cell cycle and therefore are mortal.
A)True
B)False
13

______ are cancer-causing genes.
A)Metastases
B)Mutagens
C)Carcinogens
D)Oncogenes
E)Homozygous recessive genes
14

A cell contains many ___________ where one mutation can cause them to become oncogenes.
A)metastases
B)tumor-suppressor
C)benign tumors
D)proto-oncogenes
E)carcinogens
15

Proto-oncogenes promote the cell cycle and _____ genes inhibit the cell cycle.
A)recessive
B)tumor-suppressor
C)benign
D)proto-oncogenes
E)carcinogens
16

Which of these characteristics is typical of cancer cell?
A)Cancer cells lack contact inhibition.
B)Cancer cells induce angiogenesis.
C)Cancer cells lack specialization.
D)Cancer cells can metastasize.
E)All of these are correct
17

A ________ is an environmental agent that can contribute to the development of cancer.
A)mutagen
B)fibrinogen
C)carcinogen
D)factor
18

Some examples of carcinogens are _________.
A)certain organic chemicals
B)radiation
C)viruses
D)All of these are correct
19

Which DNA virus has been linked to a type of human cancer?
A)hepatitis B virus
B)human papillomavirus
C)Epstein-Barr virus
D)All of the above.
20

The pap smear is a test for ________ cancer.
A)colon
B)cervical
C)breast
D)ovarian
E)liver
21

The standard methods of treatment for cancer are _________.
A)surgery
B)radiation
C)chemotherapy
D)All of the above
22

Most chemotherapy drugs kill cells by damaging __________.
A)DNA
B)protein
C)nearby blood vessels
D)the cell membrane
E)All of the above
23

Viruses contain ________.
A)an inner nucleic acid core
B)an outer protein coat
C)both 1 and 2
D)all of the complexity of eukaryotic cells
24

The number of purines in DNA is always double the number of pyrimidines.
A)True
B)False
25

DNA is a polymer of _________.
A)sugars
B)fats
C)amino acids
D)adenosine triphosphates
E)nucleotides
26

A nucleotide is built from how many subunits?
A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four
E)five
27

A polynucleotide strand has a backbone made of alternating phosphate and sugar molecules.
A)True
B)False
28

The strands in DNA twist about one another forming a __________.
A)straight spiral
B)circular strand of chromatin
C)broken ladder
D)left-ascending staircase
E)double helix
29

The complementary bases in DNA are _________.
A)adenine with thymine
B)guanine with cytosine
C)both 1 and 2
D)cytosine with thymine
E)adenine with guanine
30

DNA is genetic material that _________.
A)replicates
B)undergoes mutations
C)stores information
D)does all of the above
31

DNA has four types of nucleotides because there are ______ different bases.
A)two
B)three
C)four
D)eight
E)23
32

DNA can differ between species because the base pairs can be in any order.
A)True
B)False
33

In DNA, each strand can serve as _________ for the formation of a complementary strand.
A)a perfect model
B)a template
C)an enzyme
D)energy
34

The bonds between the DNA base pairs are strong covalent bonds.
A)True
B)False
35

The enzyme called DNA ______ joins the complementary nucleotides.
A)ligase
B)lipase
C)synthetase
D)polymerase
E)conjugase
36

RNA contains the sugar ______.
A)ligase
B)ribose
C)fructose
D)phosphate-sugar
E)deoxyribose
37

______ occurs in RNA in place of thymine.
A)Adenine
B)Guanine
C)Cytosine
D)Uracil
E)Ribose
38

The DNA formed as a result of replication has two new strands.
A)True
B)False
39

A gene is a section of a DNA molecule that determines the sequence of amino acids in a ______.
A)protein
B)carbohydrate
C)nucleotide
D)nucleic acid
E)ribosome
40

DNA uses RNA to control protein synthesis.
A)True
B)False
41

Transcription is making an RNA molecule that is complementary to a portion of another RNA molecule.
A)True
B)False
42

Following transcription and processing, RNA moves into the cytoplasm.
A)True
B)False
43

Each three-letter unit of an mRNA molecule is called a ______.
A)transposon
B)intron
C)codon
D)interferon
E)exon
44

During translation, the order of the codons in mRNA determines the order of the amino acids in a polypeptide.
A)True
B)False
45

The portions of the gene that are expressed are the _________.
A)transposons
B)introns
C)neurons
D)interferons
E)exons
46

mRNA only contains exons when it leaves the nucleus.
A)True
B)False
47

The enzymes that remove the introns are called _________.
A)polymerase
B)ribozymes
C)intron ligase components
D)transcriptase
E)exon selectors
48

mRNA is transcribed in the cytoplasm.
A)True
B)False
49

Translation requires _______.
A)transfer RNA
B)ribosomal RNA
C)messesnger RNA
D)an enzyme to join amino acids together by means of a peptide bond
E)all of the above
50

Proteins are synthesized at the _______.
A)nucleus
B)ribosomes
C)mitochondria
D)Golgi body
E)plasma membrane
51

Transfer RNA molecules bring amino acids to the ______.
A)nucleus
B)endoplasmic reticulum
C)ribosomes
D)mRNA
E)plasma membrane
52

Transfer RNA has a/an ______ complementary to a mRNA codon.
A)anticodon
B)intron
C)codon
D)interferon
E)exon
53

Ribosomal RNA is produced in the _________.
A)ribosome
B)mitochondrion
C)nucleolus
D)Golgi body
E)vacuole
54

Ribosomes are composed of rRNA and many different types of _______.
A)carbohydrates
B)proteins
C)fats
D)sugars
E)nucleic acids
55

The steps in polypeptide synthesis include _________.
A)initiation
B)elongation
C)termination
D)all of the above
56

During translation, a ribosome moves along and "reads" a/an ______ molecule.
A)tRNA
B)rRNA
C)mRNA
D)DNA
57

The order of amino acids in a polypeptide is directly determined by the linear sequence of codons of the ______ .
A)tRNA
B)mRNA
C)rRNA
D)protein
58

Several ribosomes are called a ______.
A)polypeptide
B)ribose
C)deoxyribose
D)polyribosome
E)mRNA molecule
59

Each group of ______ base(s) on DNA stands for an amino acid.
A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four
E)five
60

Triplet codons in mRNA are complementary to the triplet DNA code.
A)True
B)False
61

The promoter is ___________.
A)a short sequence of DNA where the repressor binds, preventing RNA polymerase from attaching to the promoter
B)a short sequence of DNA where RNA polymerase first attaches when a gene is to be transcribed
C)one to several genes of a metabolic pathway that are transcribed as a unit
D)a gene that codes for a repressor protein
E)any dominant gene
62

Gene mutations always involve loss of genetic information.
A)True
B)False
63

______ are specific DNA sequences that have the ability to move within and between chromosomes.
A)Exons
B)Transposons
C)Introns
D)Operons







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