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1 | |
______ are scientists who study animal behavior. |
| | A) | Altruists |
| | B) | Behaviorists |
| | C) | Ethologists |
| | D) | Animal psychologists |
| | E) | Geneticists |
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2 | |
______ is any action that can be observed and described. |
| | A) | Altruism |
| | B) | Behavior |
| | C) | Learning |
| | D) | Instinct |
| | E) | Imprinting |
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3 | |
Experiments with Fisher's lovebird or the coastal garter snake indicate that carrying nesting material or having a taste for slugs is __________. |
| | A) | inherited |
| | B) | learned |
| | C) | random |
| | D) | impossible to determine whether it is learned or inherited |
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4 | |
Experiments with egg-laying behavior in the snail Aplysia involving genes and hormones found _________. |
| | A) | the behavior was controlled by genes that produced egg-laying hormones |
| | B) | the behavior was random and genes eliminated incorrect behavior |
| | C) | the behavior was learned and genes influenced learning |
| | D) | it was impossible to determine whether it is learned or inherited |
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5 | |
Only the nervous system is involved in behavior. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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6 | |
Behavior has a genetic basis but development of mechanisms that control behavior is subject to environmental influences, such as practice after birth. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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7 | |
The term fixed action pattern has been used for a behavior that __________. |
| | A) | is always performed the same way and in response to a sign stimulus |
| | B) | can never be changed |
| | C) | can be traced to ancient ancestors |
| | D) | prevents further activity |
| | E) | cannot be experimented with in a laboratory setting |
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8 | |
Some behaviors considered to be FAPS are now known to develop with practice. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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9 | |
Learning is a durable change in behavior as a result of ______. |
| | A) | instinct |
| | B) | experience |
| | C) | imprinting |
| | D) | altruism |
| | E) | biological clocks |
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10 | |
The pecking accuracy of newborn laughing gull chicks _______. |
| | A) | increased with practice |
| | B) | remained the same since it was inborn |
| | C) | decreased with time since the need decreased |
| | D) | was totally random |
| | E) | proved that learning was not involved in the behavior |
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11 | |
B. F. Skinner was well known for studying this mode of learning. |
| | A) | imprinting |
| | B) | operant conditioning |
| | C) | fixed action patterns |
| | D) | territoriality |
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12 | |
When goslings follow the first moving object they see after hatching, this learned behavior is called _________. |
| | A) | circadian rhythm |
| | B) | operant conditioning |
| | C) | fixed action patterns |
| | D) | territoriality |
| | E) | imprinting |
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13 | |
There is a sensitive period of time during which imprinting is possible. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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14 | |
Although it was first observed by Douglas Spaulding, Konrad Lorenz was the primary investigator of _______. |
| | A) | imprinting |
| | B) | operant conditioning |
| | C) | fixed action patterns |
| | D) | territoriality |
| | E) | circadian rhythms |
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15 | |
Experiments with birds learning to sing indicated that _________. |
| | A) | bird song is completely inherited |
| | B) | bird song is completely learned |
| | C) | primitive bird song is inherited but they must refine their dialect during a brief sensitive period |
| | D) | the presence of adult birds of another species makes absolutely no difference |
| | E) | the behavior is far too complex to study since it is like a language |
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16 | |
Natural selection due to competition among males and mate choice by females is called _______. |
| | A) | associate learning |
| | B) | insight learning |
| | C) | sexual selection |
| | D) | territoriality |
| | E) | imprinting |
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17 | |
The case of the raggiana and manucode birds indicates that polygynous and monogamous bird behavior is related to ______. |
| | A) | color patterns |
| | B) | learned moral codes |
| | C) | trial and error |
| | D) | availability of nutritious food sources |
| | E) | dominance hierarchies |
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18 | |
The difference between the good genes hypothesis and the run-away hypothesis is _______. |
| | A) | the good genes hypothesis tests genetic basis of sexual selection and the run-away hypothesis tests a learned basis for sexual selection. |
| | B) | there is no limit to the extent a male trait may become exaggerated or "run away." |
| | C) | the good genes hypothesis tests for female selection of males, the run-away hypothesis tests for male selection of females |
| | D) | "run away" hypothesis proposes that the trait will be exaggerated in the male until its survival cost exceeds its reproductive benefit |
| | E) | good genes hypothesis proposes that only genes are selected that will be good for females |
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19 | |
Male baboons establish higher or lower rankings among themselves through confrontations; this determines their _______. |
| | A) | imprinting level |
| | B) | fixed action pattern |
| | C) | territoriality |
| | D) | altruism |
| | E) | dominance hierarchy |
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20 | |
When a reed deer stag or male songbird defends a certain area, he is showing ________. |
| | A) | imprinting level |
| | B) | fixed action pattern |
| | C) | territoriality |
| | D) | altruism |
| | E) | dominance hierarchy |
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21 | |
Evolution by ________ can occur when females have the opportunity to select among potential mates and or when males compete among themselves for access to reproductive females. |
| | A) | imprinting |
| | B) | sexual selection |
| | C) | sociality |
| | D) | altruism |
| | E) | dominance hierarchy |
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22 | |
A benefit of animals living in a group include which of the following? |
| | A) | protection against predators |
| | B) | finding and procuring food |
| | C) | helping to raise offspring |
| | D) | all of the above |
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23 | |
Communication is a purposeful transmission of a signal from one animal to another where the receiver always benefits from the sender's response. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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24 | |
The term ______ is used to designate chemical signals passed between members of the same species. |
| | A) | sign |
| | B) | wave |
| | C) | hormone |
| | D) | pheromone |
| | E) | physical language |
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25 | |
The different kinds of animal communications include ________. |
| | A) | purposeful and non-purposeful |
| | B) | auditory and visual |
| | C) | conscious and unconscious |
| | D) | tactile, chemical, auditory, and visual |
| | E) | all of above |
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26 | |
Auditory communication has some advantages over the other types. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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27 | |
Honeybees perform a waggle dance to indicate the direction of ______. |
| | A) | food source |
| | B) | danger |
| | C) | the hive |
| | D) | the queen |
| | E) | all of the above |
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28 | |
______ is the ultimate auditory communication. |
| | A) | Bird song |
| | B) | Bat signal |
| | C) | Whale song |
| | D) | Bee dancing |
| | E) | Language |
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29 | |
Chimpanzees have been taught to use an artificial language but do NOT progress beyond the level of a(n) ______ year old child. |
| | A) | one |
| | B) | two |
| | C) | three |
| | D) | four |
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30 | |
In the case of the cricket, components of a biological clock must include __________. |
| | A) | an internal biological clock that keeps time |
| | B) | a receptor that is sensitive to light or dark |
| | C) | a means of communication that is either nerve impulses or hormones |
| | D) | all of the above |
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31 | |
Cyclical behaviors do NOT occur when the associated stimulus is lacking. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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32 | |
In mammals, we know that ______ is produced at night by the pineal gland. |
| | A) | phytochrome |
| | B) | melatonin |
| | C) | acetylcholine |
| | D) | adrenalin |
| | E) | lymph |
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33 | |
Behaviors in animals that occur on a daily basis are said to have a ______ rhythm. |
| | A) | calendar |
| | B) | clock |
| | C) | circannual |
| | D) | circadian |
| | E) | EHL |
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34 | |
Behaviors in animals that occur on a yearly basis are said to have a ______ rhythm. |
| | A) | calendar |
| | B) | clock |
| | C) | circannual |
| | D) | circadian |
| | E) | EHL |
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35 | |
______ applies the principles of evolutionary biology to the study of social behavior in animals. |
| | A) | Altruism |
| | B) | Behaviorism |
| | C) | Genetics |
| | D) | Sociobiology |
| | E) | Eugenics |
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36 | |
Disadvantages to group living in animals include ___________. |
| | A) | increased competition for resources |
| | B) | increased chance of disease and parasites |
| | C) | interference with reproduction |
| | D) | all of the above |
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37 | |
Altruism is behavior performed for selfish survival of one individual. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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38 | |
Sister worker ants have ______ of their genes in common. |
| | A) | 30% |
| | B) | 60% |
| | C) | 75% |
| | D) | 90% |
| | E) | 100% |
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39 | |
The ability of kin to survive and reproduce is known as __________. |
| | A) | natural selection |
| | B) | altruistic behavior |
| | C) | inclusive fitness |
| | D) | selfish behavior |
| | E) | sexual selection |
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40 | |
Protection and care of brothers, sisters, nieces, and nephews in humans is selfish in that __________. |
| | A) | it promotes the individual's genes in next generation |
| | B) | shows a higher moral level of learned behavior |
| | C) | ignores the effects on other species |
| | D) | it involves emotions of anger and jealousy |
| | E) | it ignores unrelated humans |
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41 | |
When offspring scrub jays stay to help their parents raise the next generation of scrub jays, it decreases the number of fledglings produced. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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42 | |
The theory of inclusive fitness predicts that __________. |
| | A) | there is no value to passing on your own genes by reproducing yourself |
| | B) | helping any member of your species is of value to passing on your own genes |
| | C) | helping close relatives reproduce will ensure your genes are passed on even if you never reproduce. |
| | D) | the more advanced the animal, the more likely it will be altruistic |
| | E) | all behavior is altruistic |
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