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1 | |
Glucose breakdown is ____. |
| | A) | an endergonic reaction proceeding from low-energy molecules to high-energy molecules |
| | B) | coupled with ATP breakdown |
| | C) | combined with carbon dioxide to form oxygen plus water |
| | D) | an oxidation-reduction reaction |
| | E) | the removal of electrons from O2 that are eventually received by substrates |
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2 | |
Which of the following molecules will diffuse out of the cell, enter the bloodstream, and be released from the lungs during aerobic cellular respiration? |
| | A) | oxygen |
| | B) | carbon dioxide |
| | C) | ATP |
| | D) | water |
| | E) | glucose |
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3 | |
Which pathway for aerobic cellular respiration is located in the cytoplasm of the cell? |
| | A) | glycolysis |
| | B) | Krebs cycle |
| | C) | electron transport system |
| | D) | transition reaction |
| | E) | Calvin cycle |
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4 | |
During aerobic cellular respiration, which molecule originates from the digestive system? |
| | A) | oxygen |
| | B) | carbon dioxide |
| | C) | ATP |
| | D) | water |
| | E) | glucose |
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5 | |
Which of the following statements is NOT correct regarding aerobic cellular respiration? |
| | A) | Cells would lose too much energy as heat if they used glucose directly for individual reactions. |
| | B) | Cells would lose too much energy as nonusable heat if they used glucose directly. |
| | C) | Cells are able to utilize all the energy from glucose when released in one burst. |
| | D) | Gradual glucose breakdown releases energy slowly. |
| | E) | Gradual glucose breakdown allows for the simultaneous buildup of many ATP molecules. |
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6 | |
Which of the following pathways does NOT occur in aerobic cellular respiration? |
| | A) | glycolysis |
| | B) | Krebs cycle |
| | C) | electron transport system |
| | D) | transition reaction |
| | E) | Calvin cycle |
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7 | |
The carriers for the electron transport system are located ______. |
| | A) | within the cytoplasm of a cell |
| | B) | on the cristae of mitochondria |
| | C) | within the matrix of mitochondria |
| | D) | within the Golgi apparatus |
| | E) | within the stroma of chloroplasts |
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8 | |
Which of the following statements about aerobic cellular respiration in the human body is NOT correct? |
| | A) | Glucose and oxygen are delivered to the cells by the bloodstream. |
| | B) | Carbon dioxide and water are removed from the cells by the bloodstream. |
| | C) | Water can remain in the cell or leave as needed. |
| | D) | ATP remains in the cytoplasm as a source of energy for the cell to do work. |
| | E) | In mitochondria, glucose is broken down to carbon dioxide and water as ATP is produced. |
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9 | |
Which coenzyme is used in cellular respiration? |
| | A) | NAD+ |
| | B) | NADP |
| | C) | niacin |
| | D) | alcohol dehydrogenase |
| | E) | cytochrome oxidase |
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10 | |
Which of the following statements is correct? |
| | A) | NAD is reduced and becomes NADH2 when it accepts hydrogen atoms. |
| | B) | NAD is oxidized and becomes NADH when it accepts hydrogen atoms. |
| | C) | NAD is reduced and becomes NADH2 when it releases hydrogen atoms. |
| | D) | NADH2 is reduced to NAD when the hydrogen atoms are passed to another acceptor. |
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11 | |
Which of the following statements is NOT true about NAD? |
| | A) | Only a small amount of NAD is needed in cells. |
| | B) | NAD can only be used once before it must be resynthesized. |
| | C) | NAD can accept hydrogen atoms and is reduced to NADH2. |
| | D) | NADH2 can carry the hydrogen atoms to another acceptor, becoming oxidized to NAD again. |
| | E) | NAD is involved in cellular respiration. |
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12 | |
Which of the following statements is NOT correct about glycolysis? |
| | A) | Glycolysis takes place within the cytoplasm. |
| | B) | Glycolysis uses two ATP but forms four ATP, resulting in a net gain of two ATP molecules. |
| | C) | During glycolysis, two NADH are produced as substrate oxidation occurs. |
| | D) | Glycolysis begins with glucose and ends with four pyruvate molecules. |
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13 | |
Pyruvate is the end product of the ______ reactions. |
| | A) | Krebs cycle |
| | B) | Calvin cycle |
| | C) | electron transport system |
| | D) | glycolysis |
| | E) | transition |
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14 | |
Glycolysis can be used in both aerobic cellular respiration and fermentation. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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15 | |
Which of the following statements about the transition reaction is NOT correct? |
| | A) | It occurs in the matrix of mitochondria. |
| | B) | It links glycolysis to the Krebs cycle. |
| | C) | Two oxygen molecules are given off from glucose. |
| | D) | Two pyruvate molecules become two acetyl-CoA molecules. |
| | E) | Two NADH molecules are formed from the reaction. |
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16 | |
Which of the following pathways will use coenzyme A during aerobic cellular respiration? |
| | A) | glycolysis |
| | B) | transition reaction |
| | C) | Krebs cycle |
| | D) | electron transport system |
| | E) | fermentation |
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17 | |
Which of the following pathways will result in carbon dioxide and NADH2 being released but not ATP? |
| | A) | glycolysis |
| | B) | Krebs cycle |
| | C) | electron transport system |
| | D) | transition reaction |
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18 | |
Which of the following series of enzymatic reactions begins and ends with citrate? |
| | A) | Krebs cycle |
| | B) | electron transport system |
| | C) | transition reaction |
| | D) | glycolysis |
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19 | |
How many times does the Krebs cycle turn per glucose molecule? |
| | A) | once |
| | B) | twice |
| | C) | three times |
| | D) | four times |
| | E) | five times |
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20 | |
When a substrate is oxidized (as in cellular respiration), energy is released and the coenzyme NAD becomes NADH + H+. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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21 | |
Which pathway will result in the production of four carbon dioxide molecules, two ATP molecules, NADH2 and FADH2? |
| | A) | glycolysis |
| | B) | transition reaction |
| | C) | Krebs cycle |
| | D) | Calvin cycle |
| | E) | electron transport system |
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22 | |
Which of the following molecules is NOT formed as a result of the Krebs cycle during aerobic cellular respiration? |
| | A) | carbon dioxide |
| | B) | ATP |
| | C) | water |
| | D) | NADH |
| | E) | FADH2 |
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23 | |
Which molecule will combine with the four-carbon oxaloacetate in the Krebs cycle to form the six-carbon citrate? |
| | A) | two carbon dioxide molecules |
| | B) | lactic acid |
| | C) | NADH |
| | D) | FADH |
| | E) | acetyl-CoA |
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24 | |
Which molecule is the final acceptor of electrons at the end of the electron transport system in aerobic cellular respiration? |
| | A) | oxygen |
| | B) | carbon dioxide |
| | C) | lactate |
| | D) | citrate |
| | E) | pyruvate |
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25 | |
Based on chemiosmosis, hydrogen ions accumulate in the ______ of the mitochondrion to create a large electrochemical gradient for aerobic cellular respiration. |
| | A) | intermembrane space |
| | B) | intramembrane space |
| | C) | cristae |
| | D) | matrix |
| | E) | stroma |
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26 | |
What molecule will form when hydrogen ions flow down the electrochemical gradient through ATP synthase complexes in mitochondria? |
| | A) | water |
| | B) | ATP |
| | C) | ADP |
| | D) | carbon dioxide |
| | E) | oxygen |
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27 | |
Which of the following overall equations represents aerobic cellular respiration? |
| | A) | C6H12O6 -----> 2 pyruvate + 2 ATP |
| | B) | 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy -----> C6H12O6 + 6 O2 |
| | C) | C6H12O6 + 6 O2 -----> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy |
| | D) | C6H12O6 -----> 2 lactate + 2 ATP |
| | E) | C6H12O6 -----> 2 alcohol + 2 CO2 + 2 ATP |
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28 | |
Each of the electron transport system's channel proteins within the cristae of mitochondria contains ATP synthase complex, which enzymatically joins hydrogen ions, electrons, and oxygen together to form water. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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29 | |
In aerobic cellular respiration, hydrogen atoms are NOT removed from which of the following pathways and reactions to combine with NAD or FAD to form NADH2 or FADH2? |
| | A) | glycolysis |
| | B) | transition reaction |
| | C) | Krebs cycle |
| | D) | electron transport system |
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30 | |
For every NADH2 that enters the electron transport system, ______ ATP result. |
| | A) | 1 |
| | B) | 2 |
| | C) | 3 |
| | D) | 5 |
| | E) | 10 |
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31 | |
If two FADH2 molecules are produced in the Krebs cycle, how many total ATP molecules will be formed as those hydrogens are transmitted to the electron transport system? |
| | A) | 2 |
| | B) | 4 |
| | C) | 6 |
| | D) | 8 |
| | E) | 10 |
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32 | |
Which of the following pathways and reactions will result in the production of the most ATP molecules during aerobic cellular respiration of one glucose molecule? |
| | A) | glycolysis |
| | B) | transition reaction |
| | C) | Krebs cycle |
| | D) | electron transport system |
| | E) | fermentation |
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33 | |
Catabolic reactions drive anabolic reactions. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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34 | |
Which of the following is NOT an example of a metabolic pool function? |
| | A) | Lipids that we eat can be broken down into glycerol and fatty acids. |
| | B) | Water must be continuously ingested as a solvent or general body fluids. |
| | C) | Carbohydrates that we eat can be converted to fat. |
| | D) | In aerobic cellular respiration, glucose, in the presence of oxygen, will produce carbon dioxide, water, and 38 ATP; other molecules likewise undergo catabolism. |
| | E) | When amino acids undergo catabolism, deamination, or the removal of the amino group, occurs. |
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35 | |
Which of the following statements is NOT correct when amino acids undergo catabolism? |
| | A) | The carbon skeleton of amino acids is produced in the liver. |
| | B) | During deamination of an amino acid, the carboxyl group is removed. |
| | C) | The amino group becomes ammonia. |
| | D) | Ammonia enters the urea cycle and becomes part of urea. |
| | E) | Urea is the primary excretory product of humans. |
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36 | |
Which of the following molecules is the most efficient form of stored energy? |
| | A) | proteins |
| | B) | amino acids |
| | C) | monosaccharides |
| | D) | glycerol |
| | E) | fats |
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37 | |
The transfer of an amino group from one amino acid to another is called ______. |
| | A) | transamination |
| | B) | deamination |
| | C) | reamination |
| | D) | examination |
| | E) | phosphorylation |
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38 | |
Animal cells, but NOT plant cells, are able to synthesize all of the amino acids they need. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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39 | |
Which of the following overall equations represents fermentation that occurs in yeast cells? |
| | A) | C6H12O6 -----> 2 pyruvate + 2 ATP |
| | B) | 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy -----> C6H12O6 + 6 O2 |
| | C) | C6H12O6 + 6 O2 -----> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy |
| | D) | C6H12O6 -----> 2 lactate + 2 ATP |
| | E) | C6H12O6 -----> 2 alcohol + 2 CO2 + 2 ATP |
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40 | |
______ is a series of enzymatic reactions by which glucose is incompletely metabolized to lactate or carbon dioxide and alcohol. |
| | A) | Fermentation |
| | B) | Aerobic cellular respiration |
| | C) | The Krebs cycle |
| | D) | The electron transport system |
| | E) | Glycolysis |
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41 | |
When oxygen is NOT available to an animal cell, which of the following statements is correct? |
| | A) | Only the electron transport system remains operative. |
| | B) | More hydrogen gas is produced because oxygen, the final acceptor, is not present. |
| | C) | The cells production of ATP molecules is cut in half. |
| | D) | Cells reduce pyruvate to carbon dioxide and water. |
| | E) | Glycolysis still occurs during fermentation because NADH2 passes its hydrogen atoms to pyruvate. |
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42 | |
Fermentation is an aerobic process that results in the production of two ATP molecules. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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43 | |
Which of the following statements is NOT correct about fermentation in animal cells? |
| | A) | It can provide a rapid burst of ATP when there is limited oxygen supply. |
| | B) | In our bodies, muscle cells more than other cells are apt to carry on fermentation. |
| | C) | Lactic acid can build up in muscles, changing the pH and causing the muscles to fatigue. |
| | D) | Recovery from oxygen debt is complete when lactate is transported to the liver, where it is reconverted to pyruvate which can be respired or converted back to glucose. |
| | E) | Only animal cells can carry out fermentation. |
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