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1 | |
When a person holds two attitudes or thoughts that contradict each other, ___________ occurs. |
| | A) | social cognition |
| | B) | fundamental attribution error |
| | C) | compliance |
| | D) | cognitive dissonance |
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2 | |
______________ theory seeks to explain how we decide, on the basis of samples of an individual's behavior, what the causes of that behavior are. |
| | A) | Attitude |
| | B) | Attribution |
| | C) | Social influence |
| | D) | Social cognition |
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3 | |
According to the halo effect, if we perceive a person as having positive traits, we expect that person to |
| | A) | have an equal number of negative traits. |
| | B) | be superficial and "hiding" their true self. |
| | C) | have other uniformly positive characteristics. |
| | D) | be arrogant, hence causing a jealous reaction. |
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4 | |
What is a change in behavior or attitude brought about by a desire to follow the beliefs or standards of other people? |
| | A) | compliance |
| | B) | obedience |
| | C) | conformity |
| | D) | social influence |
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5 | |
What sales tactic is being used when a fund-raiser asks for a large donation, expecting a refusal, and then asks for a much smaller amount? |
| | A) | that's-not-all |
| | B) | foot-in-the-door |
| | C) | not-so-free sample |
| | D) | door-in-the-face |
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6 | |
Which of the following statements about the initial attraction of two people to each other is true? |
| | A) | Opposites attract |
| | B) | Physical beauty is not important. |
| | C) | Repeated exposure to a person can produce attraction. |
| | D) | Living near each other often decreases attraction. |
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7 | |
Konrad Lorenz believed that the longer the energy is built up, the greater will be the amount of the aggression displayed when it is discharged. This reflects the ______________ approach to explaining aggression. |
| | A) | catharsis |
| | B) | frustration-aggression |
| | C) | observational learning |
| | D) | antisocial behavioral |
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8 | |
Groupthink is likely to occur when |
| | A) | information that is contradictory is debated and analyzed. |
| | B) | there is no illusion of morality. |
| | C) | the group believes they are invulnerable and cannot make errors. |
| | D) | d. group members are encouraged to disagree and question the majority view. |
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9 | |
In the Milgram shock-learning experiment, what was the main reason participants obeyed their orders? |
| | A) | They believed the experimenter would take responsibility for their actions. |
| | B) | They were threatened with serious punishment if they disobeyed. |
| | C) | They had just seen a film showing disobedient people being punished. |
| | D) | The participants believed that they had no option to disobey |
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10 | |
An African-American teen reads a book that claims that blacks may be intellectually inferior to whites; as a result, he loses motivation to work hard in school. This is an example of a(n) |
| | A) | case of reverse discrimination. |
| | B) | norm of equity. |
| | C) | self-fulfilling prophecy. |
| | D) | invasion of privacy. |
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11 | |
Finding that cultures vary widely in aggressive behaviors would support the ______________ theory of aggression because cultures provide unique models for their members. |
| | A) | instinct |
| | B) | observational learning |
| | C) | frustration-aggression |
| | D) | learned helplessness |
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12 | |
Diffusion of responsibility promotes bystander inaction because it |
| | A) | suggests that the person who helps may have to pay for the victim's recovery. |
| | B) | encourages onlookers not to notice that an emergency exists. |
| | C) | relieves onlookers from feeling responsible to do anything. |
| | D) | reminds onlookers that "good Samaritans" have been ambushed before. |
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13 | |
Schemas are especially influential in social cognition when we |
| | A) | commit the fundamental attribution error. |
| | B) | know the target person very well. |
| | C) | know little about the target person. |
| | D) | are prone to diffuse our own responsibility. |
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14 | |
In business law, a contract that one is forced to sign is invalid. This implies that a contract's validity can be evaluated by assessing whether it was ______________ caused. |
| | A) | unconsciously |
| | B) | situationally |
| | C) | dispositionally |
| | D) | cathartically |
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15 | |
Two rats are caged together and they get along fine. Suddenly and unavoidably, they feel painful electric shocks through the metal floor, and they attack each other. This outcome supports the ______________ theory of aggression. |
| | A) | frustration-aggression |
| | B) | altruistic |
| | C) | instinct |
| | D) | observational learning |
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education